Habilitations |
2009 |
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Desgrées du Loû, A. (2009). La démographie, une discipline de santé publique ? Habilitation thesis, Université Paris Descartes, Paris.
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Doctoral Theses |
2009 |
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Tchetgnia, L. (2009). Les jeunes camerounais et le sida: sociologie d’une non-protection face à la maladie (Y. Charbit, Ed.). thèse de doctorat de sociologie. Doctoral thesis, , .
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Reports |
2009 |
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Wade, A. S., Larmarange, J., Diop, A. K., Diop, O., Gueye, K., Marra, A., et al. (2009). Reduction in risk-taking behaviors among MSM in Senegal between 2004 and 2007 and prevalence of HIV and other STIs.
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Miscellaneous |
2009 |
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Tchetgnia, L. (2009). Je veux aussi porter les préservatifs des ‘Whites’, les représentations des bons préservatifs chez les jeunes de Douala au Cameroun. XXVIe Congrès international de la population,. Marrakech (Maroc).
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Tchetgnia, L. (2009). Les jeunes camerounais et le sida : sociologie d’une non-protection face à la maladie (Sidaction, Ed.). 7ème Université des Jeunes Chercheurs. Carry-le-Rouet (France).
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Magazine Articles |
2010 |
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Tchetgnia, L. (2010). Rumours around HIV and other health issues among young people in Urban Cameroon. FOAFTALE NEWS On-Line, .
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2009 |
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Enel, C., Larmarange, J., Desgrées du Loû, A., & Wade, A. S. (2009). À propos des partenaires féminines des hommes ayant des pratiques homosexuelles au Sénégal. Autrepart, (49), 103–116.
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Enel, C., Minello, A., Jooste, V., Pinoit, J. - M., & Hillon, P. (2009). Dans l’hépatite chronique C, les délais entre diagnostic et traitement sont liés à la relation médecins-patients. MEDECINES/SCIENCES, 25, 519–23.
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Larmarange, J. (2009). Afrique subsaharienne : Quel outil de mesure du VIH ? Transversal, 48. Retrieved March 10, 2010, from http://www.sidaction.org/e_upload/pdf/T48.pdf
Résumé: Selon le rapport 2008 de l’Onusida sur l’épidémie mondiale de sida, 33 millions de personnes dans le monde auraient été infectées par le VIH fin 2007, dont 22 millions en Afrique subsaharienne. Depuis 1998, ces estimations, révisées tous les deux ans, ont fortement varié : résultat différentes méthodes de mesure qui s’élaborent au fil du temps.
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Larmarange, J., Desgrées du Loû, A., Enel, C., & Wade, A. S. (2009). Homosexualité et bisexualité au Sénégal : une réalité multiforme. Population, .
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Peer-reviewed Publications |
2009 |
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Brou, H., Viho, I., Djohan, G., Ekouevi, D. K., Zanou, B., Leroy, V., et al. (2009). Pratiques contraceptives et incidence des grossesses chez des femmes après un dépistage VIH à Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. revue épidémiologique de santé publique, (57), 77–86.
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Cuche, D. (2009). 'L'homme marginal' : une tradition conceptuelle à revisiter pour penser l'individu en diaspora. Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 25(3), 13–31.
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Cuche, D., Kuczynski, L., & Raulin, A. (2009). Anthropologie et migrations. Parcours et recherches. Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 25(3).
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Cuche, D., Kuczynski, L., & Raulin, A. (2009). Editorial. Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 25(3), 7–12.
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Desgrées du Loû, A., Brou, H., Djohan, G., Becquet, R., Ekouevi, D. K., Zanou, B., et al. (2009). Beneficial Effects of Offering Prenatal HIV Counselling and Testing on Developing a HIV Preventive Attitude among Couples. Abidjan, 2002–2005. AIDS Behav, 13(2), 348–355.
Résumé: Prenatal HIV counselling and testing is mainly an entry-point to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, but it may also play an important role in triggering the development of spousal communication about HIV and sexual risks and thus the adoption of a preventive attitude. In Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, we investigated couple communication on STIs and HIV, male partner HIV-testing and condom use at sex resumption after delivery among three groups of pregnant women who were offered prenatal counselling and HIV testing: HIV-infected women, uninfected women, and women who refused HIV-testing. The proportion of women who discussed STIs with their regular partner greatly increased after prenatal HIV counselling and testing in all three groups, irrespective of the women’s serostatus and even in the case of test refusal. Spousal communication was related to more frequent male partner HIV-testing and condom use. Prenatal HIV counselling and testing proposal appears to be an efficient tool to sensitize women and their partner to safer sexual practices.
Mots-Clés: Prenatal HIV counselling and testing; Couple; HIV/STIs; Africa; Prevention
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Desgrées-du-Loû, A., Brou, H., Tijou Traore, A., Djohan, G., Becquet, R., & Leroy, V. (2009). From prenatal HIV testing of the mother to prevention of sexual HIV transmission within the couple. Social Science & Medicine, 69(6), 892–899.
Résumé: The first step in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes is offering HIV counselling and testing to pregnant women. In developing countries where HIV testing remains rare, it represents a unique opportunity for many women to learn their HIV status. This prenatal HIV testing is not only the entry point to prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, but also an occasion for women to sensitize their male partner to sexual risks. Here we explore if these women, HIV-tested as mothers, apply the prevention recommendations they also receive as women.
In the Ditrame Plus PMTCT program in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, two cohorts of women (475 HIV-infected women and 400 HIV-negative women) were followed up two years after the pregnancy when they were offered prenatal HIV testing. In each cohort, we compared the proportion of women who communicated with their regular partner on sexual risks, prior to and after prenatal HIV testing. We analysed socio-demographic factors related to this communication. We measured two potential conjugal outcomes of women HIV testing: the level of condom use at sex resumption after delivery and the risk of union break-up.
Prenatal HIV testing increased conjugal communication regarding sexual risks, whatever the woman's serostatus. This communication was less frequent for women in a polygamous union or not residing with their partner. Around 30% of women systematically used condoms at sex resumption. Among HIV infected ones, conjugal talk on sexual risks was related to improved condom use. After HIV testing, more HIV-infected women separated from their partners than HIV-uninfected women, despite very few negative reactions from the notified partners.
In conclusion, offering prenatal HIV counselling and testing is an efficient tool for sensitizing women and their partners to HIV prevention. But sexual prevention in a conjugal context remains difficult and need to be specifically addressed.
Mots-Clés: Prenatal; HIV testing; Sexual transmission; Couple; Communication; Prevention; Mothers; Ivory coast
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Enel, C., Larmarange, J., Desgrées du Loû, A., & Wade, A. S. (2009). Bisexualité au Sénégal : qui sont les partenaires féminines des homosexuels masculins ?49, 103–116.
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Enel, C., Larmarange, J., Desgrées du Loû, A., & Wade, A. S. (2009). À propos des partenaires féminines des hommes ayant des pratiques homosexuelles au Sénégal. Autrepart, 49, 103–116.
Résumé: Les travaux sur les comportements bisexuels en Afrique sont rares. En 2004, une étude au Sénégal auprès de 463 hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes révèle que 74 % ont eu des partenaires féminines dans l’année. En 2007, une nouvelle enquête a été complétée par un volet qualitatif consacré aux comportements bisexuels. De 12 entretiens auprès d’hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes et des femmes et 12 auprès de partenaires féminines se dégagent différents types de partenaires et un lien complexe entre notion de partenaire féminine, sexualité et rapport à l’homosexualité. Le type de relation entre ces hommes et les femmes dépend de leurs représentations de l’homosexualité et de leurs relations avec d’autres hommes.
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Guilmoto, C. Z., Hoàng, X., & Ngo Van, T. (2009). Recent Increase in Sex Ratio at Birth in Viet Nam. PLoS ONE, 4(2). Retrieved March 10, 2010, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004624
Résumé: Introduction
Since the 1980s, sex ratio at birth (male births per 100 female births) has increased in many Asian countries as a result of selective abortions, but to date there has been no such evidence for Viet Nam. Our aim in this paper is to ascertain the situation with respect to sex ratio at birth in Viet Nam over the past five years.
Materials and Methods
Original data were obtained from sample population surveys in Viet Nam recording annual birth rates since 2000 of about 450,000 women, as well as from two successive birth surveys conducted for the first time in 2007 (1.1 million births). The annual population surveys include specific information on birth history and mothers' characteristics to be used for the analysis of trends and differentials in sex ratio at birth.
Results and Discussion
Birth history statistics indicate that the SRB in Viet Nam has recorded a steady growth since 2001. Starting from a level probably close to the biological standard of 105, the SRB reached 108 in 2005 and 112 in 2006, a value significantly above the normal level. An independent confirmation of these results comes from the surveys of births in health facilities which yielded a SRB of 110 in 2006–07. High SRB is linked to various factors such as access to modern health care, number of prenatal visits, level of higher education and employment status, young age, province of residence and prenatal sex determination. These results suggest that prenatal sex determination followed by selective abortion has recently become more common in Viet Nam. This recent trend is a consequence of various factors such as preference for sons, declining fertility, easy access to abortion, economic development as well as the increased availability of ultrasonography facilities.
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Larmarange, J. (2009). Prévalences du VIH en Afrique sub-saharienne : Historique d’une estimation [HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa: background of an estimation.]. Med Sci (Paris), 25(1), 87–92.
Résumé: Tous les deux ans, le programme commun des Nations-Unies sur le VIH/SIDA (ONUSIDA) publie des estimations détaillées du nombre de personnes infectées par le VIH (virus de l’immunodéficience humaine). Selon la dernière édition de son rapport, publiée en juin 2008, 33 millions de personnes (adultes et enfants) dans le monde dont 22 en Afrique subsaharienne seraient infectées en 2007. Cette estimation, largement reprise par les médias et les acteurs de la lutte contre le SIDA, a été révisée à maintes reprises ces dernières années. À titre d’exemple, le rapport 2002 estimait ce nombre à 28,5 millions en 2001 pour l’Afrique subsaharienne. Cette même estimation a été révisée à la baisse, dans la dernière édition du rapport, à 20,4 millions en 2001. Paradoxalement, le nombre de personnes infectées a augmenté entre 2001 et 2007. Les révisions successives effectuées par l’ONUSIDA ont semé le doute sur la qualité des estimations produites. Petit retour sur l’évolution des sources et des techniques.
In 2008 UNAIDS global report on AIDS, the number of people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa was estimated at 22 millions in 2007 and 20.4 millions in 2001, while in the 2002 report, the same estimation for 2001 was 28.5 millions. Changes in UNAIDS reflects evolutions of data sources and methods used for the estimates. Sentinel surveillance of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) was developed in 1980's with the WHO recommendation of unlinked anonymous testing approach. The objective was not to be representative but to monitor trends. In the 1990's, as ANC data were available, they were used by EpiModel, a model developed by WHO for HIV prevalence estimates from 1992 to 2000. In 2002, a new epidemiological model called EPP (Estimation and Projection Package) was developed by the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections, which, in countries with a generalised epidemic, is still based on ANC data collected over time. Since 2001, many countries have conducted national population-based surveys (NPS). Their results have often diverged from estimates based on ANC data. This was explained by the under-representation of rural clinics in sentinel surveillance and relative small participation rate in NPS. Since, several studies have shown that the impact of several biases (participation rate, non-household members, serological window of tests...) in NPS remains relatively low. NPS constitute a good indicator of HIV prevalence level. If pregnant women can be locally representative of the general population, at the national scale, it depends of the localization of selected clinics. But ANC provides data over time, which is not the case for NPS. The current approach of UNAIDS consists in estimating HIV prevalence trends from ANC and the level of the epidemics from NPS. But the hypothesis that ANC data are representative of trends still needs to be verified when several NPS will be available for a same country.
Mots-Clés: Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology; Female; HIV Infections/embryology/*epidemiology; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology; Prenatal Diagnosis/statistics & numerical data; Prevalence
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Le Cœur, S., Collins, I. J., Pannetier, J., & Lelièvre, É. (2009). Gender and access to HIV testing and antiretroviral treatments in Thailand: Why do women have more and earlier access? Social Science & Medicine, 69(6), 846–853.
Résumé: In the recent scale-up of antiretroviral treatment, gender differences in access to treatment have been reported. In Thailand, as the HIV epidemic became more generalised, there has been a shift from men being disproportionately affected to increased vulnerability of women. In 2007, the Living with Antiretrovirals (LIWA-ANRS 12141) study investigated the gender distribution of all adult patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (N = 513 patients) in four community hospitals in northern Thailand and factors influencing the disparities observed. From this retrospective life-event history survey, we found that proportionately more women (53%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy than men, an unexpected result for a country with a higher proportion of infections among men. They were more likely to initiate treatment within one year of diagnosis and were at a more advanced stage of the disease compared to women. This gender distribution is partly explained by the evolving dynamics of the HIV epidemic, initial prioritization of mothers for treatment and earlier access to HIV testing for women. These issues are also entangled with gender differences in the reasons and timing to HIV testing at the individual level. This study found that the majority of men underwent HIV testing for health reasons while the majority of women were tested following family events such as a spouse/child death or during pregnancy. Further qualitative research on gender specific barriers to HIV testing and care, such as perceived low risk of infection, poor access to medical care, lack of social support, actual or anticipated HIV/AIDS-related stigma would provide greater insight. In the meantime, urgent efforts are needed to increase access to voluntary counselling and testing inside and outside the family setting with targeted interventions for men.
Mots-Clés: HIV; Gender; Health inequalities; HIV testing; Access to treatment; Thailand; Women; Life-event histories
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Petit, V., & Tchetgnia, L. (2009). Les enjeux de la sexualité transactionnelle pré-maritale en milieu urbain camerounais. Autrepart, (49), 205–222.
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Tijou Traoré, A., Querre, M., Brou, H., Leroy, V., Desclaux, A., & Desgrées-du-Loû, A. (2009). Couples, PMTCT programs and infant feeding decision-making in Ivory Coast. Social Science & Medicine, 69(6), 830–837.
Résumé: In Sub-Saharan Africa, prevention of HIV pediatric infection due to breastfeeding requires turning to alternatives to prolonged breastfeeding: artificial feeding or exclusive breastfeeding with early weaning. Choosing a preventive option and applying it does not only depend upon the mother but also on the father and more specifically on couple interactions. To date, not enough studies have considered this question. In Abidjan, Ivory Coast, HIV-positive women and their infants were followed over two years in Ditrame Plus, a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) project. Using data from this project and from interviews conducted with couples and women, we analyzed the construction of decisions and practices concerning the application of preventive infant feeding options.
Differences may be found between women and men in discourses regarding their attitudes, which are in part related to their conceptions of motherhood and fatherhood. We found that when men know their wife is HIV positive and are involved in the PMTCT project, they play an active role in applying the advice received. However, women do not always need the support of their spouse to undertake preventative behaviour. The project team also plays an important role in the adoption of such by women and men. The implementation of preventive options is a complex process in which three groups of actors (women, men and the project team) interact. In order to optimize PMTCT programs for couples, it is essential that this dynamic be taken into account.
Mots-Clés: Côte d'Ivoire; Couple; HIV; Breastfeeding; Mother; Father; Infant feeding
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Conference Proceedings |
2010 |
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Tchetgnia, L. (2010). ‘If I say no, I will lose everything’: the stakes around negotiation of condom use in premarital transactional sex in urban Cameroon. Session 7 Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour of Adolescents and Young populations. Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Tchetgnia, L. (2010). The reception of contradictory discourses on HIV and their impact on prevention among Cameroonians youths. Sessions 2: Sociological aspects of HIV/Aids. Gothenburg, Sweden.
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2009 |
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Tchetgnia, L. (2009). ‘Envoie-nous les résultats de ta recherche’ : défis et enjeux d'une restitution auprès des jeunes camerounais sur leurs pratiques de non-protection face au VIH. Sciences Sociales et VIH/sida : Terrains, Méthodes, Dialogues : Enjeux et modalités de la restitut.
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Tchetgnia, L. (2009). Being an African student in the West and investigating on HIV among young people in Cameroon: questions, ethics and responsibility. Third European Conference on African Studies. Leipzig, Germany.
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Tchetgnia, L. (2009). Cameroonian youths and HIV: sociology of a lack of protection in face of HIV. UNESCO/ISSC. Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Tchetgnia, L. (2009). It’s not our fault it’s because of… endogenous and exogenous justifications for sexual risk taking, HIV and the fear of death among young people in Cameroon. Stream Sociology of risk [Theory, Knowledge, Science, Technology, Risk]. San Diego, California.
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Tchetgnia, L. (2009). Les enjeux de sexe, VIH et mort chez les jeunes au Cameroun. In A. Desgrées du Loû (Ed.),. Séminaire Equipe 1 Genre, Santé , Mortalité. Paris: CEPED.
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Monographs |
2009 |
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Golaz, V. (2009). Pression démographique et changement social. Vivre en pays gusii à la fin du XXème siècle. Paris: Karthala-IFRA.
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Piantoni, F. (2009). L'enjeu migratoire en Guyane française : une géographie politique. Espace outre-mer. Matoury: Ibis rouge.
Résumé: Dans l’ensemble sud-américain, comme dans celui de l’outre-mer français, la Guyane française se définit comme une périphérie singulière. Sous-peuplée, elle se caractérise aussi par la permanence d’un lien exclusif et monovalent avec le centre tutélaire métropolitain. Dès lors, l’articulation entre pouvoirs, mobilités et espaces – déclinée à plusieurs échelles dans l’espace et dans le temps forme un cadre analytique intégrateur. Il permet de saisir les recompositions territoriales actuelles, caractérisées par une structure cloisonnée de l’espace guyanais et révélatrices d’un espace approprié mais non intégré.
Ainsi, le bassin fluvial transfrontalier du Maroni s’est constitué comme un territoire spécifique fondé sur les logiques communautaires des groupes de marrons, résistant à l’appropriation nationale portée par l’idéologie assimilationniste. La mobilité est un facteur structurant l’espace et induit l’émergence d’un pouvoir local institutionnalisé. A l’échelle régionale, la structure tricéphale de l’espace guyanais polarisée sur le littoral évoque un processus similaire, mais fondé sur la légitimation du pouvoir national. Pourtant, la notion de crise des territoires prévaut à la qualification de cette région monodépartementale.
A partir du milieu des années 1990, elle renvoie à une crise structurelle globale, révélée par la fonction miroir que constituent les migrations spontanées brésilienne, haïtienne et surinamaise. Le lien exclusif est remis en cause localement, puis entériné par la loi d’orientation (décembre 2000) et l’intégration à l’Union européenne. Cependant, alors que la Guyane devient le support d’une économie mondialisée, elle reste, paradoxalement, en marge des jeux de pouvoirs supranationaux au sein de l’espace sud-américain.
Mots-Clés: pouvoirs; mobilités; migrations; intégration; Guyane française; Maroni, Europe; colonisation; assimilation; communauté; marrons; créoles; décentralisation; périphérie; départements d’outre-me
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Book Contributions |
2010 |
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Cuche, D. (2010). Los libaneses y sus descendientes en la sociedad peruana. In L. Bartet, & F. Kahhat (Eds.), La huella arabe en el Peru (pp. 93–126). Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Peru. Lima.
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Cuche, D. (2010). Los palestinos en el Peru, un siglo de presencia discreta y exitosa. In L. Bartet, & F. Kahhat (Eds.), La huella arabe en el Peru (pp. 51–90). Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Peru. Lima.
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Cuche, D. (2010). Proemio. In L. Bartet, & F. Kahhat (Eds.), La huella arabe en el Peru (pp. 27–28). Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Peru. Lima.
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2009 |
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Cuche, D. (2009). Modes de catégorisation et classements socio-ethniques au Pérou. In Frank Alvarez-Pereyre(dir.) (Ed.), Catégories et catégorisation. Une perspective interdisciplinaire (pp. 35–55). Leuven-Paris-Dudley: Peeters (SELAF).
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Delaunay, V., & Enel, C. (2009). Les migrations saisonnières féminines : le cas des jeunes bonnes à Dakar. In J. Vallin (Ed.), Du genre et de l’Afrique : hommage à Thérèse Locoh (pp. 389–402).
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Desgrées du Loû, A. (2009). Le couple à l’épreuve du sida en Afrique sub-saharienne. In Jacques Vallin (Ed.), Du genre et de l'Afrique. Hommage à Thérèse Locoh (pp. 519–529). Paris: INED.
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Enel, C., & Pison, G. (2009). Pour mieux comprendre l’exode rural chez les femmes au Sénégal : la méthode des sœurs. In J. Vallin (Ed.), Du genre et de l’Afrique : hommage à Thérèse Locoh (pp. 353–363).
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Golaz, V., Bonvalet, C., Diagne, A., Delaunay, D., Dureau, F., & Lelièvre, E. (2009). ’Being housed’ : A state with no status. In P. Antoine, & E. Lelièvre (Eds.), Fuzzy States and Complex Trajectories. Observation, modelization and interpretation of life histories (pp. 99–119). Méthodes et Savoirs. Paris: INED, CEPED.
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Guillaume, A., & Lerner, S. (2009). l aborto en América latina y El Caribe. In Aborto no Brasil e países do Cone Sul: panorama da situação e dos estudos acadêmicos. In M. I. Baltar da Rocha, & R. M. Barbosa (Eds.), Campinas: Núcleo de Estudos de População (pp. 269–279). Nepo /Unicamp.
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Guilmoto, C. (2009). Comment l’Inde va-t-elle devenir le pays le plus peuplé du monde ? In C. Clémentin-Ojha, C. Jaffrelot, D. Matringe, & J. Pouchepadass (Eds.), Dictionnaire de l'Inde. A Présent. Paris: Larousse.
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Rossier, C. (2009). Quantifier les avortements clandestins : un état de la recherche. In C. Gourbin (Ed.), Chaire Quételet 2004 Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud. De la connaissance à l'action. Presses Universitaires de Louvain.
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