Publications des membres du Ceped

2022


  • Albornoz María Belén, Chavez Henry, Vizuette Daniel, Graham Mark et Bertolini Alessio (2022) Fairwork Ecuador Ratings 2022: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy, Quito, Ecuador; Oxford, United Kingdom; Berlin, Germany : Fairwork. https://fair.work/en/fw/publications/labour-standards-in-the-platform-economy-ecuador-ratings-2022/.


  • Chavez Henry, Albornoz María Belén et Martín Fernando (2022) « ‘Big data’ Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Scopus Database, 2009–2019 », Journal of Scientometric Research, 11 (1), p. 64-78. DOI : 10.5530/jscires.11.1.7. https://www.jscires.org/article/485.
    Résumé : Scopus-database publications containing the keyword ‘big data’ have skyrocketed from 30 (2009) to almost 16,000 (2019). This trend reveals this field’s importance across disciplines and contexts. Previous works have analysed the emergence and characteristics of scientific research on ‘big data’ but need updating. We undertook a bibliometric analysis of over 73,000 such 2009–2019 publications. This data helped to identify the primary trends, subjects, networks and institutions publishing on big data worldwide and explain the relations and differences between scientific communities working on this subject in central and peripheral countries. Furthermore, this research highlights Chinese researchers’ and institutions’ prominence in this field alongside the influence of American contributions, which are most frequently cited. The emergence of dynamic poles of scientific production in middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and South America are also studied. Despite the dynamism of the field, about 2% of the articles account for 40% of the field’s citations, while 42% have no citations. Originating in computer science and engineering, big data research is increasingly becoming interdisciplinary. Keyword trends over time also show a shift from technical and prospective concerns towards (1) methodological and practical issues and (2) the development of AI and machine learning techniques. These indicators present differences between countries with varying geo-economic conditions. Collaboration networks have rapidly grown with the US and China as the main nodes and European countries as intermediaries in the circulation of this topic. Although still rare, there are some signs of South-South collaboration between Latin America, Africa and Asia.
    Mots-clés : Bibliometrics, Big data, Global South, Knowledge Circulation, Scientific networks.
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2021

2020



  • Albornoz María Belén et Chavez Henry (2020) « De la gestión algorítmica del trabajo a la huelga 4.0 », Mundos Plurales - Revista Latinoamericana de Políticas y Acción Pública, 7 (2) (novembre 13), p. 43-54. DOI : 10/gnc7hj. https://revistas.flacsoandes.edu.ec/mundosplurales/article/view/4848.
    Résumé : Resumen Las tecnologías digitales están creando importantes retos para los agentes económicos y los decisores. En este contexto, las plataformas digitales se han convertido en nuevas oportunidades de trabajo y están reestructurando los mercados financieros y laborales. De la mano de esta ventana de oportunidad vienen también condiciones de precariedad e indefensión para los trabajadores, quienes deben enfrentar condiciones de trabajo volátiles, ausencia de beneficios sociales y condiciones de explotación. Este artículo da cuenta de los cambios unilaterales en los términos y condiciones de trabajo en las plataformas digitales y las formas de resistencia y organización con la que responden los trabajadores para reclamar el derecho a un trabajo justo. Esta investigación es parte del proyecto Fairwork y utiliza una aproximación etnográfica que incluye diez entrevistas en profundidad y cuarenta y seis entrevistas semiestructuradas a trabajadores y administradores de plataformas digitales.
    Mots-clés : algoritmos, Ciencias Sociales, economía digital, huelgas, Journal, plataformas, Políticas y Asuntos Públicos latinoamericanos, Revista Académica, trabajo justo.
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  • Chavez Henry et Gaybor Jacqueline (2020) « COVID-19, tecnología y poder: los peligros del optimismo tecnológico y el surgimiento del omnióptico global », F-ILIA, 1 (2) (octobre). http://ilia.uartes.edu.ec/download/oct2020-mar2021-filia-2-art02/?wpdmdl=13236&masterkey=5f9049e91ba99.
    Résumé : En medio de la crisis de COVID-19, los países enfrentan la necesidad de restringir la movilidad para reducir la propagación del virus. Ante la urgencia, varios gobiernos alrededor del mundo, entre esos el Ecuador, están empezando a implementar nuevos mecanismos de control basados en tecnologías de Big Data e inteligencia artificial. Sin embargo, la rapidez de estas decisiones y la falta de reflexión y debate sobre sus posibles consecuencias a corto y largo plazo puede llevarnos a engendrar una nueva estructura de poder y control, construida sobre la base de nuestros propios rastros digitales. Esta nueva estructura puede transformar radicalmente la relación entre Estados y ciudadanos y dar paso a la instauración de regímenes cada vez más autoritarios alrededor del mundo.
    Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.
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  • Howson Kelle, Ustek-Spilda Funda, Grohmann Rafael, Salem Nancy, Carelli Rodrigo, Abs Daniel, Salvagni Julice, Graham Mark, Albornoz Belén, Chavez Henry, Arriagada Arturo et Bonhomme Macarena (2020) « 'Just Because You Don’t See Your Boss, Doesn’t Mean You Don’t Have A Boss’: Covid-19 And Gig Worker Strikes Across Latin America », International Union Rights, 27 (3), p. 3-5. DOI : 10/gkd2wr. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14213/inteuniorigh.27.3.0020.

2019



  • Chavez Henry (2019) « Los ciclos de transformación tecno-económica mundial y los proyectos periféricos de modernización: el caso del desarrollo científico y tecnológico del Ecuador », in Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en América Latina. La mirada de las nuevas generaciones II, éd. par Rosalba Casas-Guerrero et Tania Pérez Bustos, Buenos Aires : CLACSO, p. 329-356. ISBN : 978-987-722-426-9. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvt6rmtj.16?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.

  • Gaybor Jacqueline et Chavez Henry (2019) « The Argentinean zero waste framework: Implementation gaps and over-sight of reusable menstrual management technologies », in The Circular Economy and the Global South: Sustainable Lifestyles and Green Industrial Development, éd. par Patrick Schröder, Manisha Anantharaman, Kartika Anggraeni, et Timothy J. Foxon, 1, New York, NY : Routledge. ISBN : 978-1-138-35893-5.
    Résumé : The circular economy is a policy approach and business strategy that aims to improve resource productivity, promote sustainable consumption and production and reduce environmental impacts. This book examines the relevance of the circular economy in the context of developing countries, something which to date is little understood. This volume highlights examples of circular economy practices in developing country contexts in relation to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), informal sector recycling and national policy approaches. It examines a broad range of case studies, including Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, South Africa, and Thailand, and illustrates how the circular economy can be used as a new lens and possible solution to cross-cutting development issues of pollution and waste, employment, health, urbanisation and green industrialisation. In addition to more technical and policy oriented contributions, the book also critically discusses existing narratives and pathways of the circular economy in the global North and South, and how these differ or possibly even conflict with each other. Finally, the book critically examines under what conditions the circular economy will be able to reduce global inequalities and promote human development in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. Presenting a unique social sciences perspective on the circular economy discourse, this book is relevant to students and scholars studying sustainability in economics, business studies, environmental politics and development studies.
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2018



  • Chavez Henry et Gaybor Jacqueline (2018) « Science and technology internationalization and the emergence of peripheral techno-dreams: the Yachay project case », Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 1 (1) (novembre 2), p. 1-18. DOI : 10/gnc7hh. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25729861.2018.1523522.
    Résumé : On the basis of interviews, observations and archival analysis, this article explores the controversies surrounding the Yachay project case in Ecuador and unveils three ideological processes behind its conception and implementation. First, we show how the new elite in the government used this project to produce and reproduce a new power structure using a symbolic strategy based on propaganda and on an imaginary of techno-scientific modernization. Second, we unveil the material and symbolic reproduction of a cosmopolitan elite of international experts that profited from the Ecuadorian public funds in exchange for their name and prestige, thanks to a discourse based on cosmopolitanism, urgency, and voluntarism. Finally, we explain how the Yachay project has triggered the reconfiguration of the local symbolic sphere according to the new conditions of reproduction of the world system by reshaping the local imaginaries around technology and innovation. We conclude that Yachay, like other similar projects that have emerged at the same time in other parts of the world, is part of a global process of reconfiguration of the ideological and institutional conditions that accompany the deployment of the latest wave of technoeconomic transformations in the global system.
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