Références bibliographiques

Ridde Valery, Ba M. F., Gaye I., Diallo A. I., Bonnet Emmanuel et Faye A. (2021) « Participating in a vaccine trial for COVID-19 in Senegal: trust and information », Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (juillet 19), p. 1-6. DOI : 10.1080/21645515.2021.1951097. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21645515.2021.1951097.

Résumé : This research aims to understand the level and determinants of people’s willingness to participate in a vaccine trial for COVID-19 in Senegal. We conducted a telephone survey among a marginal quota sample of 607 people over 18 years of age. Only 44.3% of the participants wanted to participate in a vaccine trial for COVID-19, with females intending to participate more than males (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI [1.22–2.72]). Participants who intended to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (AOR = 6.48, 95% CI [4.12–10.4]) and who thought that being infected with the coronavirus would have a significant impact on their health (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.57, 3.51]) were more likely to agree to take part in the COVID-19 vaccine trial. Confidence in the vaccine, health personnel, and the government in the fight against the pandemic are key factors in participants’ willingness to participate in a vaccine trial in Senegal.

Ridde Valéry (2021) « From malaria-dengue to an intervention in Burkina Faso », in Sonar-Global team. SPECIAL SOC EPIDEMICS: Training social scientists on the social dimensions of epidemics, par A Billaud, Alice Desclaux, et K. Sow, Dakar : CRCF.

Ridde Valéry et Faye Adama (2021) La riposte nationale contre la COVID-19 au Sénégal : de la formulation à sa mise en œuvre, Working Papers du CEPED (50), Paris : Ceped. https://www.ceped.org/wp.

Résumé : Face à l’arrivée de la pandémie de COVID-19, les gouvernements africains ont été contraints de réagir promptement et par anticipation pour protéger leurs populations. Au Sénégal, le plan national de riposte a été planifié avant que le pays ait connu son premier cas officiel de COVID-19, le 2 mars 2020. Alors que le pays subit une troisième vague épidémique depuis fin juin 2021, cette étude en méthodes mixtes, réalisée en mars et avril 2021, vise à comprendre comment la riposte nationale a été formulée et mise en œuvre dans les régions. L’étude montre que si la réaction a été rapide, le contenu (les instruments) de la riposte est resté classique, dominé par les solutions biomédicales et verticales influencées par le passé (lutte contre Ébola) et donnant lieu à des enjeux de pouvoir propres à la gestion de l’urgence. La mise en œuvre de la réponse à la pandémie a été influencée par de nombreux facteurs facilitants et contraignants et elle s’est confrontée à des contextes régionaux divers et spécifiques qui ont façonné son organisation. Le niveau central a également parfois usé de processus de réflexivité pour adap-ter sa riposte. Malgré la vague épidémique sans précédent qui déferle en ce mois de juillet 2021, les mesures drastiques prises en 2020 et étudiées dans ce texte ne sont pas encore revenues. Cohérence et confiance sont de nouveau questionnées par les citoyens qui voient les médias s’inquiéter des conséquences pour le système de santé et la santé des populations.

Ridde et Faye - 2021 - La riposte nationale contre la COVID-19 au Sénégal.pdf 3.7 Mio

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Ridde Valéry et Fillol Amandine (2021) « Santé Mondiale », Anthropen (juin 13). DOI : 10.47854/anthropen.vi0.51161. https://revues.ulaval.ca/ojs/index.php/anthropen/article/view/51161.

Résumé : La santé mondiale et sa définition sont l’objet de multiples débats dans un contexte de mondialisation. Elles souffrent encore d’un manque de clarté conceptuelle. Notre texte propose une analyse critique du vocable de santé mondiale. Après avoir décrit les définitions proposées, nous abordons les enjeux de pouvoir qui sont au cœur du fonctionnement et du quotidien de la santé mondiale que la nouvelle génération (si on lui laisse de la place) devra nécessairement affronter.

Mots-clés : Coopération.

Ridde Valéry, Gautier Lara, Dagenais Christian, Chabrol Fanny, Hou Renyou, Bonnet Emmanuel, David Pierre-Marie, Cloos Patrick, Duhoux Arnaud, Lucet Jean-Christophe, Traverson Lola, de Araujo Oliveira Sydia Rosana, Cazarin Gisele, Peiffer-Smadja Nathan, Touré Laurence, Coulibaly Abdourahmane, Honda Ayako, Noda Shinichiro, Tamura Toyomitsu, Baba Hiroko, Kodoi Haruka et Zinszer Kate (2021) « Learning from public health and hospital resilience to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: protocol for a multiple case study (Brazil, Canada, China, France, Japan, and Mali) », Health Research Policy and Systems, 19 (1) (mai 6), p. 76. DOI : 10.1186/s12961-021-00707-z. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00707-z.

Résumé : All prevention efforts currently being implemented for COVID-19 are aimed at reducing the burden on strained health systems and human resources. There has been little research conducted to understand how SARS-CoV-2 has affected health care systems and professionals in terms of their work. Finding effective ways to share the knowledge and insight between countries, including lessons learned, is paramount to the international containment and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this project is to compare the pandemic response to COVID-19 in Brazil, Canada, China, France, Japan, and Mali. This comparison will be used to identify strengths and weaknesses in the response, including challenges for health professionals and health systems.

Ridde Valéry et Hane Fatoumata (2021) « La couverture sanitaire universelle : un toit percé depuis trop longtemps », AOC.Média (décembre 10). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03473381.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Full Text PDF 583 kio (source)

Ridde Valéry et Hane Fatoumata (2021) « Universal health coverage: the roof has been leaking for far too long », BMJ Global Health, 6 (12) (décembre), p. e008152. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008152. https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008152.

Ridde Valéry, Ouedraogo Samiratou et Yaya Sanni (2021) « Closing the diversity and inclusion gaps in francophone public health: a wake-up call », BMJ Global Health, 6 (2) (février), p. e005231. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005231. https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005231.

Ridde Valéry, Saré Diane, Quan Nha Hong, et Pluye Pierre (2021) « Grilles pour décrire les interventions populationnelles dans les revues des écrits scientifiques en santé », McGill Family Medicine Studies Online, 16:e02.

Résumé : L'étude a pour objectif de répertorier toutes les grilles de description des interventions populationnelles et celles qui soutiennent l’extraction des données pour la réalisation des revues systématiques des écrits scientifiques en santé publique.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Rikap Cecilia (2021) Capitalism, power and innovation: intellectual monopoly capitalism uncovered, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 1 p. (Routledge studies in the economics of innovation). ISBN : 978-1-00-036875-8 978-0-429-34148-9.

Résumé : "In contemporary global capitalism, the most powerful corporations are innovation or intellectual monopolies. The book's unique perspective focuses on how private ownership and control of knowledge and data have become a major source of rent and power. The author explains how at the one pole, these corporations concentrate income, property and power in the US, China, and in a handful of intellectual monopolies, particularly from digital and pharmaceutical industries, while at the other pole developing countries are left further behind. The book includes detailed empirical mappings of how intellectual monopolies develop and transform knowledge from universities and open-source collaborations into intangible assets. The result is a strategy that combines undermining the commons through privatization with harvesting from the same commons. The book ends with provoking reflections to tilt the scale against intellectual monopoly capitalism and arguing that desired changes require democratic mobilization of workers and citizens at large. This book represents one of the first attempts to capture the contours of an emerging new era where old perspectives lead us astray, and the old policy toolbox is hopelessly inadequate. This is true for the idea that the best, or only, way to promote innovation is to transform knowledge into private property. It is also true for anti-trust policies focusing exclusively on consumer prices. The formation of global infrastructures that lead to 'natural monopolies' call for public rather than private ownership. Scholars and professionals from the social sciences and humanities (in particular economics, sociology, political science, geography, educational science and science and technology studies) will enjoy a clear and all-embracing depiction of innovation dynamics in contemporary capitalism, with a particular focus on asymmetries between actors, regions and topics. In fact, its topical issue broadens the book's scope to those curious about how innovation networks shape our world"--

Mots-clés : Capitalism, Economic aspects, Information technology, Intellectual capital, Monopolies, Political aspects, Power (Social sciences), Technological innovations.

Rikap Cecilia et Lundvall Bengt-Åke (2021) The Digital Innovation Race: Conceptualizing the Emerging New World Order, Cham : Springer International Publishing. ISBN : 978-3-030-89442-9 978-3-030-89443-6. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-89443-6.

Résumé : This book develops new theoretical perspectives on the economics and politics of innovation and knowledge in order to capture new trends in modern capitalism. It shows how giant corporations establish themselves as intellectual monopolies and how each of them builds and controls its own corporate innovation system. It presents an analysis of a new form of production where Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple and Microsoft, and their counterparts in China, extract value and appropriate intellectual rents through privileged access to AI algorithms trained by data from organizations and individuals all around the world. These companies’ specific form of production and rent-seeking takes place at the global level and challenges national governments trying to regulate intellectual monopolies and attempting to build stronger national innovation systems. It is within this context that the authors provide new insights on the complex interplay between corporate and national innovation systems by looking at the US-China conflict, understood as a struggle for global technological supremacy. The book ends with alternative scenarios of global governance and advances policy recommendations as well as calls for social activism. This book will be of interest to students, academics and practitioners (both from national states and international organizations) and professionals working on innovation, digital capitalism and related topics. Bengt-Åke Lundvall is Professor emeritus in economics at Department of Business Studies at Aalborg University and Professor emeritus at Department of Economic History at Lund University. His research is organized around a broad set of issues related to innovation systems and learning economies. Cecilia Rikap is Lecturer in International Political Economy at City, University of London, CONICET researcher and associate researcher at COSTECH, Université de Technologie de Compiègne. She has a PhD in Economics from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Her research deals with the global political economy of science, technology and innovation.

Robinson David, Hayes Alex, Couch [aut Simon, cre, Patil Indrajeet, Chiu Derek, Gomez Matthieu, Demeshev Boris, Menne Dieter, Nutter Benjamin, Johnston Luke, Bolker Ben, Briatte Francois, Arnold Jeffrey, Gabry Jonah, Selzer Luciano, Simpson Gavin, Preussner Jens, Hesselberth Jay, Wickham Hadley, Lincoln Matthew, Gasparini Alessandro, Komsta Lukasz, Novometsky Frederick, Freitas Wilson, Evans Michelle, Brunson Jason Cory, Jackson Simon, Whalley Ben, Whiting Karissa, Rosseel Yves, Kuehn Michael, Cimentada Jorge, Holgersen Erle, Werner Karl Dunkle, Christensen Ethan, Pav Steven, PJ Paul, Schneider Ben, Kennedy Patrick, Medina Lily, Fannin Brian, Muhlenkamp Jason, Lehman Matt, Denney Bill, Crane Nic, Bates Andrew, Arel-Bundock Vincent, Hayashi Hideaki, Tobalina Luis, Wang Annie, Tham Wei Yang, Wang Clara, Smith Abby, Cooper Jasper, Krauska E. Auden, Wang Alex, Barrett Malcolm, Gray Charles, Wilber Jared, Gegzna Vilmantas, Szoecs Eduard, Aust Frederik, Moore Angus, Williams Nick, Barth Marius, Wundervald Bruna, Cahoon Joyce, McDermott Grant, Zarca Kevin, Kuriwaki Shiro, Wallrich Lukas, Martherus James, Xiao Chuliang, Larmarange Joseph, Kuhn Max, Bojanowski Michal, Malmedal Hakon, Wang Clara, Oller Sergio, Sonnet Luke, Hester Jim, Brunson Cory, Schneider Ben, Gray Bernie, Averick Mara, Jacobs Aaron, Bender Andreas, Templer Sven, Buerkner Paul-Christian, Kay Matthew, Pennec Erwan Le, Junkka Johan, Zhu Hao, Soltoff Benjamin, Saldana Zoe Wilkinson, Littlefield Tyler, Gray Charles T., Banks Shabbh E., Robinson Serina, Bivand Roger, Ots Riinu, Williams Nicholas, Jakobsen Nina, Weylandt Michael, Lendway Lisa, Hailperin Karl, Rodriguez Josue, Bryan Jenny, Jarvis Chris, Macfarlane Greg, Mannakee Brian, Tyre Drew, Singh Shreyas, Geffert Laurens, Ooi Hong, Bengtsson Henrik, Szocs Eduard, Hugh-Jones David, Stigler Matthieu, Tavares Hugo, Vervoort R. Willem, Wiernik Brenton M., Yamamoto Josh, Lee Jasme et Sanders Taren (2021) Broom: Convert Statistical Objects into Tidy Tibbles, version 0.7.10. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=broom.

Résumé : Summarizes key information about statistical objects in tidy tibbles. This makes it easy to report results, create plots and consistently work with large numbers of models at once. Broom provides three verbs that each provide different types of information about a model. tidy() summarizes information about model components such as coefficients of a regression. glance() reports information about an entire model, such as goodness of fit measures like AIC and BIC. augment() adds information about individual observations to a dataset, such as fitted values or influence measures.

Rouveau Nicolas, Ky-Zerbo Odette, Boye Sokhna, Simo Fotso Arlette, d’Elbée Marc, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Silhol Romain, Kouassi Arsène Kra, Vautier Anthony, Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence, Breton Guillaume, Keita Abdelaye, Ehui Eboi, Ndour Cheikh Tidiane, Boilly Marie-Claude, Terris-Prestholt Fern, Pourette Dolorès, Desclaux Alice, Larmarange Joseph et ATLAS Team (2021) « Describing, analysing and understanding the effects of the introduction of HIV self-testing in West Africa through the ATLAS programme in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal », BMC Public Health, 21 (1) (janvier 21), p. 181. DOI : 10.1186/s12889-021-10212-1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10212-1.

Résumé : The ATLAS programme aims to promote and implement HIV self-testing (HIVST) in three West African countries: Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal. During 2019–2021, in close collaboration with the national AIDS implementing partners and communities, ATLAS plans to distribute 500,000 HIVST kits through eight delivery channels, combining facility-based, community-based strategies, primary and secondary distribution of HIVST. Considering the characteristics of West African HIV epidemics, the targets of the ATLAS programme are hard-to-reach populations: key populations (female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and drug users), their clients or sexual partners, partners of people living with HIV and patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections and their partners. The ATLAS programme includes research support implementation to generate evidence for HIVST scale-up in West Africa. The main objective is to describe, analyse and understand the social, health, epidemiological effects and cost-effectiveness of HIVST introduction in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal to improve the overall HIV testing strategy (accessibility, efficacy, ethics). Methods ATLAS research is organised into five multidisciplinary workpackages (WPs): Key Populations WP: qualitative surveys (individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions) conducted with key actors, key populations, and HIVST users. Index testing WP: ethnographic observation of three HIV care services introducing HIVST for partner testing. Coupons survey WP: an anonymous telephone survey of HIVST users. Cost study WP: incremental economic cost analysis of each delivery model using a top-down costing with programmatic data, complemented by a bottom-up costing of a representative sample of HIVST distribution sites, and a time-motion study for health professionals providing HIVST. Modelling WP: Adaptation, parameterisation and calibration of a dynamic compartmental model that considers the varied populations targeted by the ATLAS programme and the different testing modalities and strategies. Discussion ATLAS is the first comprehensive study on HIV self-testing in West Africa. The ATLAS programme focuses particularly on the secondary distribution of HIVST. This protocol was approved by three national ethic committees and the WHO’s Ethical Research Committee.

Mots-clés : Côte d’Ivoire, HIV self-testing, HIV/AIDS, Mali, Senegal, West Africa.

Rozée Virginie et Schantz Clémence (2021) « Les violences gynécologiques et obstétricales : construction d’une question politique et de santé publique », Sante Publique, 33 (5), p. 629-634. DOI : 10.3917/spub.215.0629. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2021-5-page-629.htm.

Résumé : Le concept de « violences gynécologiques et obstétricales » a émergé au début des années 2000 en Amérique latine dans les milieux militants et scientifiques. Il a été repris à partir des années 2010 dans les débats féministes et politiques français et européens. Les militantes féministes, notamment à travers les réseaux sociaux et les médias, ont joué un rôle important dans la construction de cette question de santé publique. Ce concept est aujourd’hui mobilisé dans l’espace public, politique et académique, en France et à l’international. Il recouvre des réalités et des pratiques médicales diverses et permet de rendre compte des expériences, à la fois objectives et subjectives, des femmes. Les travaux en sciences sociales qui mobilisent cette nouvelle approche conceptuelle sont de plus en plus nombreux. Ils portent cependant majoritairement sur l’accouchement, alors que le domaine de la gynécologie reste plus largement à explorer.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2021) « De l’engagement armé à l’engagement humanitaire : trajectoires militantes, émotions et sentiments moraux dans la Syrie post-2011: », Critique internationale, 91 (2) (avril 27), p. 23-44. DOI : 10.3917/crii.091.0026. https://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2021-2-page-23.htm?ref=doi.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2021) « « Associations de bienfaisance et prise en charge du social en Syrie. De l’étatisme à la "décharge" », in Les mondes de la bien-faisance. Les pratiques du bien au prisme des sciences sociales, Paris : CNRS Editions, p. 355-377. (CNRS Alpha). ISBN : 978-2-271-13205-5. https://www.cnrseditions.fr/catalogue/sciences-politiques-et-sociologie/les-mondes-de-la-bien-faisance/.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura et Saeidnia Sahar Aurore (2021) « Introduction. Les mondes de la bien-faisance. Pour une nouvelle analyse des pratiques du « bien » », in Les mondes de la bien-faisance. Les pratiques du bien au prisme des sciences sociales, Paris : CNRS Editions, p. 15-37. (CNRS Alpha). ISBN : 978-2-271-13205-5. https://www.cnrseditions.fr/catalogue/sciences-politiques-et-sociologie/les-mondes-de-la-bien-faisance/.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura et Saeidnia Sahar Aurore (2021) Les mondes de la bien-faisance. Les pratiques du bien au prisme des sciences sociales, Paris : CNRS Editions, 408 p. (CNRS Alpha). ISBN : 978-2-271-13205-5. https://www.cnrseditions.fr/catalogue/sciences-politiques-et-sociologie/les-mondes-de-la-bien-faisance/.

Résumé : Charité, philanthropie, solidarité, aide humanitaire, care… les pratiques du « bien » sont au cœur du fonctionnement de nos sociétés. Interdisciplinaire et comparatiste, cet ouvrage propose de les analyser dans leur pluralité et leurs diverses histoires politiques, sociales et religieuses, de la Judée antique à la France contemporaine, en passant par la Tunisie et l’Iran du xixe siècle. Il explore les mondes de la bien-faisance au prisme des représentations qui leur sont associées, de leurs fondements moraux, des formes organisationnelles qu’ils adoptent, mais aussi – et surtout – à partir des investissements concurrentiels du social qu’ils produisent. Ce faisant, il met en lumière le caractère construit, voire conflictuel, du partage des tâches et expose en quoi et comment celui-ci contribue au maintien de l’ordre social et de ses hiérarchies, ou bien à sa recomposition et à sa critique.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura et Saeidnia Sahara Aurore (2021) « Beneficence and Welfare: Notes for the Comparative Study of “Doing Good” Practices (‘amal khayr) in the Islamic World », in Social Policy in the Islamic World (Editors: Tajmazinani, Ali Akbar), Palgrave MacMillan, p. 63-82. ISBN : 978-3-030-57753-7. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783030577520.

Sambou Césarine, Allavena Clotilde, DeBeaudrap Pierre, Pourette Dolorès et Raho-Moussa Mariem (2021) « Les médecins généralistes face à la prise en charge des personnes âgées de 70 ans et plus vivant avec le VIH (PvVIH 70+) et polypathologiques : cloisonnements, fractionnements des soins et difficultés associées » (poster), présenté à Congrès SLFS 22éme édition, Grenoble.

Saulnier Dell D, Blanchet Karl, Canila Carmelita, Cobos Muñoz Daniel, Dal Zennaro Livia, de Savigny Don, Durski Kara N, Garcia Fernando, Grimm Pauline Yongeun, Kwamie Aku, Maceira Daniel, Marten Robert, Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle, Poroes Camille, Ridde Valery, Seematter Laurence, Stern Barbara, Suarez Patricia, Teddy Gina, Wernli Didier, Wyss Kaspar et Tediosi Fabrizio (2021) « A health systems resilience research agenda: moving from concept to practice », BMJ Global Health, 6 (8) (août), p. e006779. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006779. https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006779.

Résumé : Health system resilience, known as the ability for health systems to absorb, adapt or transform to maintain essential functions when stressed or shocked, has quickly gained popularity following shocks like COVID-19. The concept is relatively new in health policy and systems research and the existing research remains mostly theoretical. Research to date has viewed resilience as an outcome that can be measured through performance outcomes, as an ability of complex adaptive systems that is derived from dynamic behaviour and interactions, or as both. However, there is little congruence on the theory and the existing frameworks have not been widely used, which as diluted the research applications for health system resilience. A global group of health system researchers were convened in March 2021 to discuss and identify priorities for health system resilience research and implementation based on lessons from COVID-19 and other health emergencies. Five research priority areas were identified: (1) measuring and managing systems dynamic performance, (2) the linkages between societal resilience and health system resilience, (3) the effect of governance on the capacity for resilience, (4) creating legitimacy and (5) the influence of the private sector on health system resilience. A key to filling these research gaps will be longitudinal and comparative case studies that use cocreation and coproduction approaches that go beyond researchers to include policy-makers, practitioners and the public.

Schantz Clémence (2021) « L’enjeu des violences obstétricales en Afrique de l’Ouest », ID4D, Le media du développement Durable. https://ideas4development.org/violences-obstetricales-afrique-ouest/.

Résumé : Malgré la médicalisation de l’accouchement en Afrique de l’Ouest, des violences obstétricales continuent de miner la santé maternelle.

Schantz Clémence (2021) « Accouchement et césarienne: quels vécus des femmes en France? », Colloque international présenté à Salon de Gynécologie Obstétrique Pratique, juin 17, Paris, France.

Schantz Clémence (2021) « Biomédicalisation massive de l’accouchement au Cambodge après 150 ans de résistance », Moussons, 38 (novembre 25), p. 85-110. DOI : 10.4000/moussons.8023. http://journals.openedition.org/moussons/8023.

Schantz Clémence, Lhotte Marie et Pantelias Anne-Charlotte (2021) « Dépasser les tensions éthiques devant les demandes maternelles de césarienne », Santé Publique, Vol. 32 (5) (mars 2), p. 497-505. DOI : 10.3917/spub.205.0497. https://cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2020-5-page-497.htm?ref=doi.

Résumé : Introduction : Dans un contexte juridique centré sur le droit et l’autonomie de la patiente, certaines femmes souhaitent pouvoir choisir leur mode d’accouchement. Les sages-femmes étant les actrices de premier recours des femmes enceintes avec une grossesse physiologique, nous avons voulu savoir s’il était, pour elles, éthiquement recevable d’accompagner une femme dans sa décision de césarienne. Méthode : Cette enquête est une étude ancillaire du programme de recherche CESARIA validé par le Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Méditerranée IV et déclaré au CNIL. Trente-sept entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de sages-femmes et de femmes. Résultats : La majorité des femmes et des sages-femmes partagent une vision de l’accouchement comme « naturel » et considèrent la demande de césarienne comme relevant de la déviance. Lorsqu’elle est formulée, cette demande place les sages-femmes dans une situation de tension éthique. D’une part, les sages-femmes souhaitent orienter les femmes vers l’accouchement par voie basse qu’elles considèrent comme étant la norme, et ce choix incarne les principes éthiques de bienfaisance et de non-malfaisance. D’autre part, les sages-femmes expriment vouloir respecter le choix et la liberté des patientes, illustrant le principe éthique de respect de l’autonomie. Conclusion : L’enjeu éthique de la césarienne sur demande ne se situe pas tant dans la décision d’accepter ou non une césarienne, mais plutôt dans l’écoute de cette demande. Prendre en considération une indication médicale plus largement que la simple indication obstétricale permet d’accompagner de manière éthique ces demandes, dans le respect de l’autonomie de la femme enceinte.

Schantz Clémence, Pantelias Anne-Charlotte, de Loenzien Myriam, Ravit Marion, Rozenberg Patrick, Louis-Sylvestre Christine et Goyet Sophie (2021) « ‘A caesarean section is like you've never delivered a baby’: A mixed methods study of the experience of childbirth among French women », Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online, 12 (mars), p. 69-78. DOI : 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.003. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405661820300277.

Résumé : The experience of childbirth has been technologized worldwide, leading to major social changes. In France, childbirth occurs almost exclusively in hospitals. Few studies have been published on the opinions of French women regarding obstetric technology and, in particular, caesarean section. In 2017–2018, we used a mixed methods approach to determine French women’s preferences regarding the mode of delivery, and captured their experiences and satisfaction in relation to childbirth in two maternity settings. Of 284 pregnant women, 277 (97.5%) expressed a preference for vaginal birth, while seven (2.5%) women expressed a preference for caesarean section. Vaginal birth was also preferred among 26 women who underwent an in-depth interview. Vaginal birth was perceived as more natural, less risky and less painful, and to favour mother–child bonding. This vision was shared by caregivers. The women who expressed a preference for vaginal birth tended to remain sexually active late in their pregnancy, to find sexual intercourse pleasurable, and to believe that vaginal birth would not enlarge their vagina. A large majority (94.5%) of women who gave birth vaginally were satisfied with their childbirth experience, compared with 24.3% of those who underwent caesarean section. The caring attitude of the caregivers contributed to increasing this satisfaction. The notion of women’s ‘empowerment’ emerged spontaneously in women’s discourse in this research: women who gave birth vaginally felt satisfied and empowered. The vision shared by caregivers and women that vaginal birth is a natural process contributes to the stability of caesarean section rates in France.

Schantz Clémence, Rozée Virginie et Molinier Pascale (2021) « Introduction. Les violences obstétricales, un nouvel axe de recherche pour les études de genre, un nouveau défi pour le soin et la société », Cahiers du Genre, 71 (2), p. 5-24. DOI : 10.3917/cdge.071.0005. https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-du-genre-2021-2-page-5.htm.

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Schantz et al_2021_Introduction.pdf 356.9 kio (source)

Schloerke Barret, Cook Di, Larmarange Joseph, Briatte Francois, Marbach Moritz, Thoen Edwin, Elberg Amos, Toomet Ott, Crowley Jason, Hofmann Heike et Wickham Hadley (2021) GGally: Extension to 'ggplot2', version 2.1.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=GGally.

Résumé : The R package 'ggplot2' is a plotting system based on the grammar of graphics. 'GGally' extends 'ggplot2' by adding several functions to reduce the complexity of combining geometric objects with transformed data. Some of these functions include a pairwise plot matrix, a two group pairwise plot matrix, a parallel coordinates plot, a survival plot, and several functions to plot networks.

Schultz Émilien (2021) « Quel(s) intérêt(s) de programmer en Python pour les sciences humaines et sociales ? Présentation, exemples et applications » (communication orale), présenté à Semaine Data-SHS. https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03524165.

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Schultz Emilien et Ward J.K. (2021) « Public perceptions of scientific advice: toward a science savvy public culture? », Public Health, 194 (mai), p. 86-88. DOI : 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.007. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0033350621000652.

Schultz Émilien, Ward Jeremy K., Atlani-Duault Laëtitia, Holmes Seth M. et Mancini Julien (2021) « French Public Familiarity and Attitudes toward Clinical Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic », International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (5) (mars 5), p. 2611. DOI : 10.3390/ijerph18052611. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2611.

Résumé : The COVID-19 pandemic put clinical research in the media spotlight globally. This article proposes a first measure of familiarity with and attitude toward clinical research in France. Drawing from the “Health Literacy Survey 2019” (HLS19) conducted online between 27 May and 5 June 2020 on a sample of the French adult population (N = 1003), we show that a significant proportion of the French population claimed some familiarity with clinical trials (64.8%) and had positive attitudes (72%) toward them. One of the important findings of this study is that positive attitudes toward clinical research exist side by side with a strong distancing from the pharmaceutical industry. While respondents acknowledged that the pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in clinical research (68.3%), only one-quarter indicated that they trust the industry (25.7%). Positive attitudes toward clinical trials were associated with familiarity with clinical trials (Odds Ratio, OR 2.97 [1.90–4.63]), financial difficulties (OR 0.63 [0.46–0.85]), as well as mistrust of doctors (0.48 [0.27–0.85]) and of scientists (OR 0.62 [0.38–0.99]). Although the French media provided a great deal of information on how clinical research works during the first months of the pandemic, there remains profound mistrust of the pharmaceutical industry in France. This suspicion can undermine crisis management, especially in the areas of vaccine development and preparation for future pandemics.

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Seppey Mathieu, Somé Paul-André et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Sustainability determinants of the Burkinabe performance-based financing project », Journal of Health Organization and Management, ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) (février 5). DOI : 10.1108/JHOM-04-2020-0137. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHOM-04-2020-0137/full/html.

Résumé : A performance-based financing (PBF) pilot project was implemented in 2011 in Burkina Faso. After more than five years of implementation (data collection in 2016), the project's sustainability was not guaranteed. This study's objective is to assess this project's sustainability in 2016 by identifying the presence/absence of different determinants of sustainability according to the conceptual framework of Seppey et al. (2017). Design/methodology/approach It uses a case study approach using in-depth interviews with various actors at the local, district/regional and national levels. Participants (n= 37) included health practitioners, management team members, implementers and senior members of health directions. A thematic analysis based on the conceptual framework was conducted, as well as an inductive analysis. Findings Results show the project's sustainability level was weak according to an unequal presence of sustainability's determinants; some activities are being maintained but not fully routinised. Discrepancies between the project and the context's values appeared to be important barriers towards sustainability. Project's ownership by key stakeholders also seemed superficial despite the implementers' leadership towards its success. The project's objective towards greater autonomy for health centres was also directly confronting the Burkinabe's hierarchical health system. Originality/value This study reveals many fits and misfits between a PBF project and its context affecting its ability to sustain activities through time. It also underlines the importance of using a conceptual framework in implementing and evaluating interventions. These results could be interesting for decision-makers and implementers in further assessing PBF projects elsewhere.

Seppey Mathieu, Touré Laurence et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Defining an action-research’s content to improve a policy supporting indigents’ health in Mali: a concept mapping », Journal of Global Health Reports, 5 (avril 19), p. e2021031. DOI : 10.29392/001c.21956.

Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Soni Nirali, Fotso Arlette Simo, Rouveau Nicolas, Vautier Anthony, Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence, Larmarange Joseph et Boily Marie-Claude (2021) « Modelling the population-level impact of a national HIV self-testing strategy among key populations in Côte d'Ivoire », présenté à 21st ICASA conference. https://hal.science/hal-04121480.

Résumé : Background: A third of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Western Africa are not diagnosed, hindering progress towards HIV elimination. Scaling-up HIV self-testing (HIVST) among key populations (KP) such as female sex workers (FSW), their clients, and men who have sex with men (MSM), may further curb HIV transmission in this region. Using data from the ATLAS program in Côte d’Ivoire, we projected the potential impact of a national HIVST strategy among KP in the country. Methods: A deterministic model of HIV transmission and different testing modalities among key and lower-risk populations was parameterized following a review of demographic, behavioural, HIV and intervention data of the epidemic in Côte d’Ivoire over time. The model was then calibrated to empirical outcomes, including HIV prevalence, the fractions of PLHIV ever HIV tested, diagnosed, and treated, by risk group. Based on interim ATLAS HIVST programme data among KP in southern Côte d’Ivoire, we assumed that 440,000 HIVST are distributed annually (i.e. 10% of all tests in the country), including 29%, 22%, 32%, and 18% to FSW, their clients, MSM, and lower-risk populations, respectively. We predicted the potential impact of this HIVST strategy on new HIV infections and deaths, and new diagnoses over 10 years. Results: After 10 years, the HIVST strategy is expected to increase the fraction of all PLHIV diagnosed by 18%-points in both FSW (86% vs 69% without HIVST) and MSM (95% vs 77%), resulting in small increases overall (85% vs 83%). Overall, this strategy may avert 10,800 (5,100-24,200) new HIV infections over 10 years; equivalent to one infection averted per 400 HIVST distributed. This corresponds to a relative decrease in new infections of 10% (5-17%), 9% (4-21%), and 32% (23-48%) among FSW, their clients, and MSM, respectively, and 5% (3-10%) overall. However, given the larger population size, two-thirds (63%; 44-78%) of all infections prevented over 10 years were among all lower-risk populations, reflecting the indirect effects of prioritizing KP. HIV mortality among FSW and MSM may be reduced by around 15% over 10 years, vs 4% among FSW clients and 2% overall (i.e. 2700 (1400-5600) total deaths averted). Conclusions and recommendations: A national HIVST strategy may prevent 3-10% of new HIV infections in Côte d’Ivoire, especially among FSW clients and MSM. This would help reduce disparities in HIV burden by reaching key populations and addressing their unmet treatment needs.

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Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Soni Nirali, Simo Fotso Arlette, Rouveau Nicolas, Vautier Anthony, Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence, Larmarange Joseph, Boily Marie-Claude et for the ATLAS Team (2021) « Modelling the population-level impact of a national HIV self-testing strategy among key populations in Côte d’Ivoire » (poster #PEC029), présenté à 21st ICASA conference, Durban.

Résumé : Background: A third of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Western Africa are not diagnosed, hindering progress towards HIV elimination. Scaling-up HIV self-testing (HIVST) among key populations (KP) such as female sex workers (FSW), their clients, and men who have sex with men (MSM), may further curb HIV transmission in this region. Using data from the ATLAS program in Côte d’Ivoire, we projected the potential impact of a national HIVST strategy among KP in the country. Methods: A deterministic model of HIV transmission and different testing modalities among key and lower-risk populations was parameterized following a review of demographic, behavioural, HIV and intervention data of the epidemic in Côte d’Ivoire over time. The model was then calibrated to empirical outcomes, including HIV prevalence, the fractions of PLHIV ever HIV tested, diagnosed, and treated, by risk group. Based on interim ATLAS HIVST programme data among KP in southern Côte d’Ivoire, we assumed that ~440,000 HIVST are distributed annually (i.e. ~10% of all tests in the country), including 29%, 22%, 32%, and 18% to FSW, their clients, MSM, and lower-risk populations, respectively. We predicted the potential impact of this HIVST strategy on new HIV infections and deaths, and new diagnoses over 10 years. Results: After 10 years, the HIVST strategy is expected to increase the fraction of all PLHIV diagnosed by 18%-points in both FSW (86% vs 69% without HIVST) and MSM (95% vs 77%), resulting in small increases overall (85% vs 83%). Overall, this strategy may avert 10,800 (5,100-24,200) new HIV infections over 10 years; equivalent to one infection averted per ~400 HIVST distributed. This corresponds to a relative decrease in new infections of 10% (5-17%), 9% (4-21%), and 32% (23-48%) among FSW, their clients, and MSM, respectively, and 5% (3-10%) overall. However, given the larger population size, two-thirds (63%; 44-78%) of all infections prevented over 10 years were among all lower-risk populations, reflecting the indirect effects of prioritizing KP. HIV mortality among FSW and MSM may be reduced by around 15% over 10 years, vs 4% among FSW clients and 2% overall (i.e. 2700 (1400-5600) total deaths averted). Conclusions and recommendations: A national HIVST strategy may prevent 3-10% of new HIV infections in Côte d’Ivoire, especially among FSW clients and MSM. This would help reduce disparities in HIV burden by reaching key populations and addressing their unmet treatment needs.

Simo Fotso Arlette et Bekelynck Anne (2021) « Les personnels soignants face à l'épidémie de COVID-19 au Burkina Faso : résultats de l'étude CAP-CoV-BF » (communication orale), présenté à APHRO-COV Webinaire N 19, Vol., 19, Online. (Webinaire). https://aphro-cov.com/ressources_liste/cap-cov-bf-les-resultats-de-lenquete/.

Simo Fotso Arlette, Diouf Ibrahima et Duthé Géraldine (2021) Concentration spatiale du handicap au fil des âges au Sénégal, WORKING PAPER DEMOSTAF (12), Paris, France : Ined (DEMOSTAF), 28 p. https://www.ined.fr/fichier/rte/158/WP12.pdf.

Résumé : En Afrique, le handicap est une préoccupation de santé publique émergente. Pour les pouvoirs publics, il est essentiel de quantifier et de décrire les incapacités engendrées par les problèmes de santé que connaissent les populations de manière à identifier les besoins en matière d’assistance ou d’aménagement du territoire. Le dernier recensement du Sénégal de 2013 permet d’identifier les enfants (10-17 ans), les adultes (18-59 ans) et les personnes âgées (60 ans et plus) ayant des limitations fonctionnelles, cognitives ou des restrictions d’activités. L’objectif de ce chapitre est de décrire la distribution géographique de la prévalence du handicap au niveau des communes et de confirmer des phénomènes de concentration spatiale qui sont à mettre en lien avec des facteurs écologiques.

Sjoberg Daniel D., Curry Michael, Larmarange Joseph, Lavery Jessica, Whiting Karissa, Zabor Emily C., Bai Xing, Drill Esther, Flynn Jessica, Hannum Margie, Lobaugh Stephanie et Wainberg Gustavo Zapata (2021) Gtsummary: Presentation-Ready Data Summary and Analytic Result Tables, version 1.5.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gtsummary.

Résumé : Creates presentation-ready tables summarizing data sets, regression models, and more. The code to create the tables is concise and highly customizable. Data frames can be summarized with any function, e.g. mean(), median(), even user-written functions. Regression models are summarized and include the reference rows for categorical variables. Common regression models, such as logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression, are automatically identified and the tables are pre-filled with appropriate column headers.

Sjoberg Daniel D., Whiting Karissa, Curry Michael, Lavery Jessica A. et Larmarange Joseph (2021) « The R Journal: Reproducible Summary Tables with the gtsummary Package », The R Journal, 13 (1) (août), p. 570-580. DOI : 10.32614/RJ-2021-053. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2021-053/.

Résumé : The gtsummary package provides an elegant and flexible way to create publication-ready summary tables in R. A critical part of the work of statisticians, data scientists, and analysts is summarizing data sets and regression models in R and publishing or sharing polished summary tables. The gtsummary package was created to streamline these everyday analysis tasks by allowing users to easily create reproducible summaries of data sets, regression models, survey data, and survival data with a simple interface and very little code. The package follows a tidy framework, making it easy to integrate with standard data workflows, and offers many table customization features through function arguments, helper functions, and custom themes.

Spinu Vitalie, Grolemund Garrett, Wickham Hadley, Vaughan Davis, Lyttle Ian, Costigan Imanuel, Law Jason, Mitarotonda Doug, Larmarange Joseph, Boiser Jonathan, Lee Chel Hee et Inc Google (2021) Lubridate: Make Dealing with Dates a Little Easier, version 1.8.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lubridate.

Résumé : Functions to work with date-times and time-spans: fast and user friendly parsing of date-time data, extraction and updating of components of a date-time (years, months, days, hours, minutes, and seconds), algebraic manipulation on date-time and time-span objects. The 'lubridate' package has a consistent and memorable syntax that makes working with dates easy and fun. Parts of the 'CCTZ' source code, released under the Apache 2.0 License, are included in this package. See <https://github.com/google/cctz> for more details.

Mots-clés : ReproducibleResearch, TimeSeries.

Stennett Jack, Hou Renyou, Traverson Lola, Ridde Valéry, Zinszer Kate et Chabrol Fanny (2021) « Lessons learned from the resilience of Chinese hospitals to the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review ». DOI : 10.1101/2021.03.15.21253509. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.21253509v1.

Résumé : <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought huge strain on hospitals worldwide, the resilience shown by China’s hospitals appears to have been a critical factor in their successful response to the pandemic. This paper aims to determine the key findings, recommendations and lessons learned in terms of hospital resilience during the pandemic, as well as the quality and limitations of research in this field at present.</p><p>We conducted a scoping review of evidence on the resilience of hospitals in China during the COVID-19 crisis in the first half of 2020. Two online databases (the CNKI and WHO databases) were used to identify papers meeting the eligibility criteria, from which we selected 59 publications (English: n= 26; Chinese: n= 33). After extracting the data, we present an information synthesis using a resilience framework.</p><p>We found that much research was rapidly produced in the first half of 2020, describing certain strategies used to improve hospital resilience, particularly in three key areas: human resources; management and communication; and security, hygiene and planning. Our search revealed that considerable attention was focused on interventions related to training, healthcare worker well-being, e-health/ telemedicine, and work organization, while other areas, such as hospital financing, information systems and healthcare infrastructure, were less well represented in the literature.</p><p>We identified a number of lessons learned regarding how China’s hospitals have maintained resilience when confronted with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, we also noted that the literature was dominated by descriptive case studies, often lacking consideration of methodological limitations, and that there was a lack of both highly-focused research on individual interventions and holistic research that attempted to unite the topics within a resilience framework. Research on Chinese hospitals would benefit from a greater range of analysis in order to draw more nuanced and contextualised lessons from the responses to the crisis.</p>

Sturmberg Joachim, Paul Elisabeth, Van Damme Wim, Ridde Valery, Brown Garrett W. et Kalk Andreas (2021) « The danger of the single storyline obfuscating the complexities of managing SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 », Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice (novembre 25), p. jep.13640. DOI : 10.1111/jep.13640. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jep.13640.

Temporal Franck (2021) « Saint-Laurent du Maroni sous pression démographique », in Oyapock et Maroni: portraits d'estuaires amazoniens (Dir. A. Gardel et D. Davy), Versailles : Éditions Quae, p. 86-87. (Beaux livres). ISBN : 978-2-7592-3274-1.

Résumé : Cet ouvrage illustré nous permet de découvrir les richesses environnementales et culturelles de la Guyane tout en nous sensibilisant aux grands défis environnementaux, humains et économiques auquel la région doit faire face

Temporal Franck (2021) Migrations, emplois et inégalités à l'île de La Réunion (1946-1999) Quel apport pour la compréhension du développement ?, Paris : L'Harmattan, 298 p. ISBN : 978-2-343-21514-3. https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=68224.

Résumé : Depuis la départementalisation (1946), l’île de La Réunion a connu de profondes mutations et des transitions multiples (politique, épidémiologique, démographique, familiale, économique et sociale) dont la caractéristique commune est leur simultanéité et leur rapidité. Au passage au 21ème siècle, le développement de La Réunion peut être considéré comme réussi du point de vue des indicateurs « macro » (hausse des niveaux de vie, du niveau de formation, allongement de l’espérance de vie, croissance économique forte) mais il convient de relativiser le caractère positif de ces évolutions au niveau individuel en raison du maintien d’inégalités sociales marquées et du niveau élevé du chômage. L’approche individuelle du développement permet de constater que les jeunes, les femmes et les moins diplômés sont les plus exposés au non-emploi et à la pauvreté. Les dispositifs existants et notamment les transferts sociaux ne viennent atténuer que partiellement ces inégalités entre individus et ne parviennent pas à résoudre le problème du chômage compte tenu de la croissance soutenue de la population active. Dans ce contexte, ce livre s’interroge sur la place et le rôle de la migration dans le processus de développement d’une société insulaire comme La Réunion sur la période 1946-1999. La migration a presque toujours été l’outil d’ajustement de la main d’œuvre privilégié par les pouvoirs publics avec pour objectif principal de réguler la croissance démographique et de résoudre les problèmes économiques et sociaux de la population de l’île.

Testoni Federico E., García Carrillo Mercedes, Gagnon Marc-André, Rikap Cecilia et Blaustein Matías (2021) « Whose shoulders is health research standing on? Determining the key actors and contents of the prevailing biomedical research agenda », éd. par Quinn Grundy, PLOS ONE, 16 (4) (avril 7), p. e0249661. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0249661. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249661.

Résumé : Background Conflicts of interest in biomedical research can influence research results and drive research agendas away from public health priorities. Previous agenda-setting studies share two shortfalls: they only account for direct connections between academic institutions and firms, as well as potential bias based on researchers’ personal beliefs. This paper’s goal is to determine the key actors and contents of the prevailing health and biomedical sciences (HBMS) research agenda, overcoming these shortfalls. Methods We performed a bibliometric and lexical analysis of 95,415 scientific articles published between 1999 and 2018 in the highest impact factor journals within HBMS, using the Web of Science database and the CorText platform. HBMS’s prevailing knowledge network of institutions was proxied with network maps where nodes represent affiliations and edges the most frequent co-authorships. The content of the prevailing HBMS research agenda was depicted through network maps of prevalent multi-terms found in titles, keywords, and abstracts. Results The HBMS research agendas of large private firms and leading academic institutions are intertwined. The prevailing HBMS agenda is mostly based on molecular biology (40% of the most frequent multi-terms), with an inclination towards cancer and cardiovascular research (15 and 8% of the most frequent multi-terms, respectively). Studies on pathogens and biological vectors related to recent epidemics are marginal (1% of the most frequent multi-terms). Content of the prevailing HBMS research agenda prioritizes research on pharmacological intervention over research on socio-environmental factors influencing disease onset or progression and overlooks, among others, the study of infectious diseases. Conclusions Pharmaceutical corporations contribute to set HBMS’s prevailing research agenda, which is mainly focused on a few diseases and research topics. A more balanced research agenda, together with epistemological approaches that consider socio-environmental factors associated with disease spreading, could contribute to being better prepared to prevent and treat more diverse pathologies and to improve overall health outcomes.

Tine Jean Augustin, Petit Véronique, Ridde Valery, Faye Adama, Seck Ibrahima et Thiam Mamadou Habib (2021) « Gestion de la Santé mentale pendant la pandémie de Covid-19 au Sénégal : analyse réflexive », Colloque présenté à 3e Journées de l’Association Sénégalaise des Professionnels de Santé Publique et Premières Journées Médicales de l’UFR des Sciences de la Santé, décembre 4, Université Assane Seck, Ziguinchor, Sénégal.

Touzani Rajae, Schultz Emilien, Holmes Seth M, Vandentorren Stéphanie, Arwidson Pierre, Guillemin Francis, Rey Dominique, Rouquette Alexandra, Bouhnik Anne-Déborah et Mancini Julien (2021) « Early Acceptability of a Mobile App for Contact Tracing During the COVID-19 Pandemic in France: National Web-Based Survey », JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9 (7) (juillet 19), p. e27768. DOI : 10.2196/27768. https://mhealth.jmir.org/2021/7/e27768.

Résumé : Background Several countries have implemented mobile apps in an attempt to trace close contacts of patients with COVID-19 and, in turn, reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, the effectiveness of this approach depends on the adherence of a large segment of the population. Objective The aims of this study were to evaluate the acceptability of a COVID-19 contact tracing mobile app among the French population and to investigate the barriers to its use. Methods The Health Literacy Survey 2019 questioned 1003 people in France during the COVID-19 pandemic on the basis of quota sampling. The survey collected sociodemographic characteristics and health literacy data, as well as information on participants’ communication with caregivers, trust in institutions, and COVID-19 knowledge and preventive behaviors. The acceptability of a mobile app for contact tracing was measured by a single question, the responses to which were grouped into three modalities: app-supporting, app-willing, and app-reluctant. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the acceptability of a mobile app during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Only 19.2% (193/1003) of all participants were app-supporting, whereas half of them (504/1003, 50.3%) were reluctant. The factors associated with willingness or support toward the contact tracing app included lower financial deprivation (app-willing: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.8, 95% CI 0.69-0.93; app-supporting: aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.58-0.84) and higher perceived usefulness of using a mobile app to send completed health questionnaires to doctors (app-willing: aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.70-3.26; app-supporting: aOR 3.1, 95% CI 2.04-4.82). Furthermore, the likelihood of supporting the mobile app increased with age over 60 years (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.13-3.22), trust in political representatives (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.72-4.23), feeling concerned about the pandemic situation (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.47-3.32), and knowledge about the transmission of COVID-19 (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.39-2.96). Conclusions The most socioeconomically precarious people, who are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, are also the most reluctant to using a contact tracing mobile app. Therefore, optimal adherence can only be effective with a targeted discourse on public health benefits to adopt such an app, which should be combined with a reduction in inequalities by acting on structural determinants.

Traverson Lola, Stennett Jack, Mathevet Isadora, Zacarias Amanda Correia Paes, Sousa Karla Paz de, Andrade Andrea, Zinszer Kate et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Learning from the resilience of hospitals and their staff to the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review », medRxiv. DOI : 10.1101/2021.04.22.21255908. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.21255908v1.

Résumé : <h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has brought huge strain on hospitals worldwide. It is crucial that we gain a deeper understanding of hospital resilience in this unprecedented moment. This paper aims to report the key strategies and recommendations in terms of hospitals and professionals’ resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the quality and limitations of research in this field at present.</p><h3>Methods</h3> <p>We conducted a scoping review of evidence on the resilience of hospitals and their staff during the COVID-19 crisis in the first half of 2020. The Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library website was used to identify papers meeting the eligibility criteria, from which we selected 65 publications. After having extracted data, we presented the results synthesis using an “effects-strategies-impacts” resilience framework.</p><h3>Results</h3> <p>We found a wealth of research rapidly produced in the first half of 2020, describing different strategies used to improve hospitals’ resilience, particularly in terms of 1) planning, management, and security, and 2) human resources. Research focuses mainly on interventions related to healthcare workers’ well-being and mental health, protection protocols, space reorganization, personal protective equipment and resources management, work organization, training, e-health and the use of technologies. Hospital financing, information and communication, and governance were less represented in the literature.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>The selected literature was dominated by quantitative descriptive case studies, sometimes lacking consideration of methodological limitations. The review revealed a lack of holistic research attempting to unite the topics within a resilience framework. Research on hospitals resilience would benefit from a greater range of analysis to draw more nuanced and contextualized lessons from the multiple specific responses to the crisis. We identified key strategies on how hospitals maintained their resilience when confronted with the COVID-19 pandemic and a range of recommendations for practice.</p>

Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie, Gali Gali Idriss Ali et Ridde Valéry (2021) « The unintended consequences of COVID-19 mitigation measures matter: practical guidance for investigating them », BMC Medical Research Methodology, 21 (1) (décembre), p. 28. DOI : 10.1186/s12874-020-01200-x. https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12874-020-01200-x.

Résumé : Background COVID-19 has led to the adoption of unprecedented mitigation measures which could trigger many unintended consequences. These unintended consequences can be far-reaching and just as important as the intended ones. The World Health Organization identified the assessment of unintended consequences of COVID-19 mitigation measures as a top priority. Thus far, however, their systematic assessment has been neglected due to the inattention of researchers as well as the lack of training and practical tools. Main text Over six years our team has gained extensive experience conducting research on the unintended consequences of complex health interventions. Through a reflexive process, we developed insights that can be useful for researchers in this area. Our analysis is based on key literature and lessons learned reflexively in conducting multi-site and multi-method studies on unintended consequences. Here we present practical guidance for researchers wishing to assess the unintended consequences of COVID-19 mitigation measures. To ensure resource allocation, protocols should include research questions regarding unintended consequences at the outset. Social science theories and frameworks are available to help assess unintended consequences. To determine which changes are unintended, researchers must first understand the intervention theory. To facilitate data collection, researchers can begin by forecasting potential unintended consequences through literature reviews and discussions with stakeholders. Including desirable and neutral unintended consequences in the scope of study can help minimize the negative bias reported in the literature. Exploratory methods can be powerful tools to capture data on the unintended consequences that were unforeseen by researchers. We recommend researchers cast a wide net by inquiring about different aspects of the mitigation measures. Some unintended consequences may only be observable in subsequent years, so longitudinal approaches may be useful. An equity lens is necessary to assess how mitigation measures may unintentionally increase disparities. Finally, stakeholders can help validate the classification of consequences as intended or unintended. Conclusion Studying the unintended consequences of COVID-19 mitigation measures is not only possible but also necessary to assess their overall value. The practical guidance presented will help program planners and evaluators gain a more comprehensive understanding of unintended consequences to refine mitigation measures.

Udechukwu T, Carnapete L, Matin M, Haider S, Clech L et Ridde V (2021) « The Impact of Health Sector Reforms on Health System in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review », European Journal of Public Health, 31 (Supplement_3) (octobre 20), p. ckab165.218. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.218. https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.218/6405748.

Résumé : Abstract Background Climate-induced environmental changes, and their potential impact on population health, are among the most pressing challenges affecting health systems. These health impacts put additional strain on health systems, putting their resilience and capacity to deal with increased shocks and stresses to the test. Implementing reforms to address the vulnerabilities in the health system can help build its capacity to cope with these shocks. We conducted a scoping review to explore the literature on health sector reforms in Bangladesh and understand their impact on health systems. Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching through academic (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar) and grey literature published in English and French between 1991 and 2021 that addressed national health sector reforms impacting the health system and access to care. Results Our search yielded 2688 articles for screening and 22 were included in our scoping review. One of the major health sector reforms was the shift from a project-based approach to a sector-wide approach (SWAp) in health. Studies found that implementing initiatives such as community clinics, a voucher scheme for pregnant women, increase in hospital beds at public facilities improved health care access and delivery of care, especially for rural districts. Despite government efforts, the health system continues to be vulnerable to shocks due to a significant shortage of formally qualified health professionals especially nurses and technologists and relatively low public financing. Conclusions Evidence suggests that health sector reforms implemented as part of SWAp have had a limited improvement on the health system. More emphasis should be placed in the future on implementing reforms to address critical issues such as human resources for health and health financing, which may contribute to building their capacity to cope with emerging threats due to climate change and improving access to care. Key messages Building a resilient health system may involve assessing the system's vulnerabilities, strengths and limitations through the perspective of health sector reforms. Current health sector reforms have had limited impact in addressing the vulnerabilities of the health system.

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