Références bibliographiques

Ante-Testard Pearl Anne, Hamidouche Mohamed, Apouey Bénédicte, Baggaley Rachel, Larmarange Joseph, Benmarhnia Tarik, Temime Laura et Jean Kévin (2022) « Understanding the pathways leading to socioeconomic inequalities in HIV testing uptake in 18 sub-Saharan African countries », AIDS, 36 (12) (octobre 1), p. 1707–1716. DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003316. https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2022/10010/Understanding_the_pathways_leading_to.11.aspx.

Résumé : Objective: To better understand the different pathways linking socioeconomic position and HIV testing uptake in 18 sub-Saharan African countries. Design: We used cross-sectional population-based surveys between 2010 and 2018. Methods: Using a potential outcomes framework and the product method, we decomposed the total effect linking wealth and recent (<12 months) HIV testing into direct effects, and indirect effects, via internal (related to individual's ability to perceive need for and to seek care) or external (ability to reach, pay for and engage in healthcare) mediators to calculate the proportion mediated (PM) by each mediator. Results: High levels of inequalities were observed in nine and 15 countries among women and men, respectively. The mediator indirect effect varied greatly across countries. The PM tended to be higher for internal than for external mediators. For instance, among women, HIV-related knowledge was estimated to mediate up to 12.1% of inequalities in Côte d’Ivoire; and up to 31.5% for positive attitudes towards people with HIV (PWH) in Senegal. For the four external mediators, the PM was systematically below 7%. Similar findings were found when repeating analyses on men for the internal mediators, with higher PM by attitudes towards PWH (up to 39.9% in Senegal). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that wealth-related inequalities in HIV testing may be mediated by internal more than external characteristics, with important variability across countries. Overall, the important heterogeneities in the pathways of wealth-related inequalities in HIV testing illustrate that addressing inequalities requires tailored efforts and upstream interventions.

Ariza-Vioque E., Ello F., Andriamamonjisoa H., Machault V., González-Martín J., Calvo-Cortés M. C., Eholié S., Tchabert G. A., Ouassa T., Raberahona M., Rakotoarivelo R., Razafindrakoto H., Rahajamanana L., Wilkinson R. J., Davis A., Maxebengula M., Abrahams F., Muzoora C., Nakigozi N., Nyehangane D., Nanjebe D., Mbega H., Kaitano R., Bonnet M., Debeaudrap Pierre, Miró J. M., Anglaret X., Rakotosamimanana N., Calmy A., Bonnet F. et Ambrosioni J. (2022) « Capacity Building in Sub-Saharan Africa as Part of the INTENSE-TBM Project During the COVID-19 Pandemic », Infect Dis Ther, 11 (4) (août), p. 1327-1341. DOI : 10.1007/s40121-022-00667-z.

Résumé : Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe and disabling form of tuberculosis (TB), with at least 100,000 cases per year and a mortality rate of up to 50% in individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intensified anti-tubercular regimen and an anti-inflammatory treatment, the INTENSE-TBM project includes a phase III randomised clinical trial (TBM-RCT) in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Within this framework, we designed a comprehensive capacity-building work package ensuring all centres had, or would acquire, the ability to conduct the TBM-RCT and developing a network of skilled researchers, clinical centres and microbiology laboratories. Here, we describe these activities, identify strengths/challenges and share tools adaptable to other projects, particularly in low- and lower-middle income countries with heterogeneous settings and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite major challenges, TBM-RCT initiation was achieved in all sites, promoting enhanced local healthcare systems and encouraging further clinical research in SSA. In terms of certified trainings, the achievement levels were 95% (124/131) for good clinical practice, 91% (39/43) for good clinical laboratory practice and 91% (48/53) for infection prevention and control. Platform-based research, developed as part of capacity-building activities for specific projects, may be a valuable tool in fighting future infectious diseases and in developing high-level research in Africa. The INTENSE-TBM project aimed to design a comprehensive work-package on capacity building, ensuring all centres would acquire the ability to conduct a phase III randomised clinical trial on TBM in sub-Saharan Africa, to reduce tuberculous meningitis mortality and morbidity in patients with/without HIV-1 co-infection. Therefore, the INTENSE-TBM project is an example of how an international clinical research consortium can provide opportunities to enhance local capacity building and promote centres without previous experience in clinical research. This article provides practical approaches for implementing effective capacity-building programmes. We highlight how to overcome limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic to successfully complete clinics, laboratory set-ups and personnel training, so as to optimise resources and empower African institutions on a local level. At the same time, our experience shows how capacity-building programmes can deliver long-lasting impact that extends beyond the original aims of the project (e.g. HIV and TB), and support local health systems in fighting other infectious disease (e.g. COVID-19). Research projects in low- and lower-middle income countries with heterogeneous settings could stand to benefit the most. eng

Mots-clés : Africa, Capacity building, Clinical research, Hiv, Intense-tbm, Tuberculous meningitis.

Note

2193-6382 Ariza-Vioque, E Ello, F Andriamamonjisoa, H Machault, V González-Martín, J Calvo-Cortés, M C Eholié, S Tchabert, G A Ouassa, T Raberahona, M Rakotoarivelo, R Razafindrakoto, H Rahajamanana, L Wilkinson, R J Davis, A Maxebengula, M Abrahams, F Muzoora, C Nakigozi, N Nyehangane, D Nanjebe, D Mbega, H Kaitano, R Bonnet, M Debeaudrap, P Miró, J M Anglaret, X Rakotosamimanana, N Calmy, A Bonnet, F Ambrosioni, J Orcid: 0000-0001-9931-6686 INTENSE-TBM Group RIA2017T-2019/EDCTP2 programme. European Union./ Journal Article Infect Dis Ther. 2022 Aug;11(4):1327-1341. doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00667-z. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Arvanitis Rigas, Mouton Johann et Néron Adeline (2022) « Funding Research in Africa: Landscapes of Re-institutionalisation », Science, Technology and Society (avril 18), p. 097172182210782. DOI : 10.1177/09717218221078235. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218221078235.

Résumé : This article begins with an overview of recent and current trends in scientific output in Africa. The focus is on how global dynamics and foreign funding support are directly affecting structural aspects of scientific research. It examines the fundamental role of foreign programmes and new forms of academic cooperation in African science. This includes a discussion of multilateral or transcontinental agreements and local universities, the role of private philanthropy and public institutions, trends in domestic expenditure on research and innovation, and how these are linked to the recent positive upturn in scientific production in many African countries.

(2022) « L’impact de la Covid-19 sur les inégalités scolaires dans l’espace francophone », 12 (1), 110 p. https://oap.unige.ch/journals/ed/issue/view/58/22.

Résumé : Ce numéro de la revue L’éducation en débats: analyse comparée aborde la question de l’impact de la Covid-19 sur les inégalités scolaires dans l’espace francophone. En proposant d’investiguer une problématique ancienne, celles des inégalités scolaires, au regard des conséquences de la Covid-19, la démarche permet à la fois de renseigner ces inégalités, mais aussi de mettre en exergue certaines d’entre elles. Elle permet aussi de revisiter certaines thématiques liées à l’analyse des inégalités scolaires, comme celle de l’éducation prioritaire à la lueur des conditions singulières créées par la pandémie, celle des inégalités sociales ou de genre ou encore celle observée entre établissements scolaires publics et privés.

Assane Igodoe Aissata et Lange Marie-France (2022) « Éditorial. L’impact de la Covid-19 sur les inégalités scolaires dans l’espace francophone », L’éducation en débats : analyse comparée, 12 (1) (juin 24), p. 1-11. DOI : 10.51186/journals/ed.2022.12-1.e865. https://oap.unige.ch/journals/ed/article/view/865.

Atlani-Duault Laetitia, Dubec Sophie et Morin Celine (2022) « Press coverage of sexual abuse by members of the Catholic Church in France (2016–2020) », European Journal of Communication (novembre 27). DOI : 10.1177/026732312211425.

Résumé : While sexual abuse by members of the Catholic Church is a topic of growing importance, and the subject of much work to understand its construction as a public problem, little research has attempted to analyse the press coverage of this phenomenon. This article focuses on French press coverage of sexual violence committed by Catholic Church members between 2016 and 2020, a period of intense coverage, and aims to grasp its causes and solutions as reported in the daily national press. Based on content analysis using an inductive framing grid that lists the causes and solutions reported by four major national daily newspapers, the study results reveal a tendency to highlight systemic causes, particularly the role played by the silence of the Church in the perpetuation of violence, while reporting extensively on individual cases. This reflects both the strong movement of recognition of the victims, as well as their driving role in the newspapers’ exposure of the phenomenon.

Mots-clés : ⚠️ Invalid DOI.

Aumond Florian, Petit Véronique et Robin Nelly (2022) « COVID-19, migrations et parcours : ruptures et continuités », Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 1-2 (28), p. 7-36. DOI : 10.4000/remi.19909.

Snapshot (source)

Texte intégral 556.7 kio (source)

Ba Mouhamadou Faly, Faye Adama, Kane Babacar, Diallo Amadou Ibra, Junot Amandine, Gaye Ibrahima, Bonnet Emmanuel et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Senegal: a mixed study », Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (mai 11), p. 1-12. DOI : 10.1080/21645515.2022.2060020. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21645515.2022.2060020.

Résumé : This study was an explanatory, sequential, mixed-methods design conducted in Senegal. We collected quantitative data from December 24, 2020, to January 16, 2021, and qualitative data from February 19 to March 30, 2021. We conducted a telephone survey among a marginal quota sample of 607 people over 18 years old. We performed descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses with R software for the quantitative phase; and performed manual content analyses for the qualitative phase. We surveyed 607 people for the quantitative phase and interviewed 30 people for the qualitative phase. Individuals who hesitated or refused to be vaccinated represented 12.9% and 32.8%, respectively. Vaccine hesitancy was related to gender, living in large cities, having a poor attitude toward the vaccine, thinking that the vaccine would not help protect them from the virus, being influenced by people important to them, and lacking information from health professionals. Vaccine refusal was related to living in large cities, having a poor attitude toward the vaccine, thinking that the vaccine would not help protect them from the virus, thinking that the vaccine could endanger their health, trusting opinions of people who were important to them, and lacking information from health professionals. The results of the study show that the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal are diverse and complex. Addressing these factors will help to ensure better vaccination coverage. Governments and health authorities should intensify their efforts to promote vaccine confidence and reduce misinformation.

Note

doi: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2060020

Ba Mouhamadou Faly, Ridde Valéry, Diallo Amadou Ibra, Tine Jean Augustin Diégane, Kane Babacar, Gaye Ibrahima, Traoré Zoumana, Bonnet Emmanuel et Faye Adama (2022) « Acceptability of contact management and care of simple cases of COVID-19 at home: a cross-sectional study in Senegal », Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (octobre 12), p. trac094. DOI : 10.1093/trstmh/trac094. https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance-article/doi/10.1093/trstmh/trac094/6759152.

Résumé : Abstract Background COVID-19 is a major public health problem. In mid-2020, due to the health system challenges from increased COVID-19 cases, the Ministry of Health and Social Action in Senegal opted for contact management and care of simple cases at home. The objective of the study was to determine the acceptability of contact and simple case management of COVID-19 at home and its associated factors in Senegal. Methods This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. We collected data from 11 June to 10 July 2020. We used a marginal quota sampling strategy. A total of 813 individuals took part in the survey. We collected data using a telephone interview. Results The care of simple cases of COVID-19 at home was well accepted (78.5%). The use of home contact management was less accepted (51.4%). Knowledge of the modes of transmission of the virus and confidence in institutional information were associated with the acceptability of home care for simple cases. Regularly searching for information on COVID-19 and confidence in the government's control of the epidemic were associated with the acceptability of managing contacts at home. Conclusions Authorities should take these factors into account for better communication to improve the acceptability and confidence in home-based care for COVID-19 and future epidemics.

Baisley Kathy, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Larmarange Joseph, Plazy Melanie, Collier Dami, Dreyer Jaco, Mngomezulu Thobeka, Herbst Kobus, Hanekom Willem, Dabis Francois, Siedner Mark J. et Iwuji Collins (2022) « Early HIV treatment and survival over six years of observation in the ANRS 12249 Treatment as Prevention Trial », HIV Medicine, 23 (8) (février 26), p. 922-928. DOI : 10.1111/hiv.13263. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/hiv.13263.

Résumé : Objectives Population-based universal test and treat (UTT) trials have shown an impact on population-level virological suppression. We followed the ANRS 12249 TasP trial population for 6 years to determine whether the intervention had longer-term survival benefits. Methods The TasP trial was a cluster-randomized trial in South Africa from 2012 to 2016. All households were offered 6-monthly home-based HIV testing. Immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) was offered through trial clinics to all people living with HIV (PLHIV) in intervention clusters and according to national guidelines in control clusters. After the trial, individuals attending the trial clinics were transferred to the public ART programme. Deaths were ascertained through annual demographic surveillance. Random-effects Poisson regression was used to estimate the effect of trial arm on mortality among (i) all PLHIV; (ii) PLHIV aware of their status and not on ART at trial entry; and (iii) PHLIV who started ART during the trial. Results Mortality rates among PLHIV were 9.3/1000 and 10.4/1000 person-years in the control and intervention arms, respectively. There was no evidence that the intervention decreased mortality among all PLHIV [adjusted rate ratio (aRR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.85–1.43, p = 0.46] or among PLHIV who were aware of their status but not on ART. Among individuals who initiated ART, the intervention decreased mortality during the trial (aRR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.28–0.85, p = 0.01), but not after the trial ended. Conclusions The ‘treat all’ strategy reduced mortality among individuals who started ART but not among all PLHIV. To achieve maximum benefit of immediate ART, barriers to ART uptake and retention in care need to be addressed.

Mots-clés : HIV, immediate antiretroviral therapy, mortality, South Africa, test and treat.

Becquet Valentine, Sacco Nicolás et Pardo Ignacio (2022) « Disparities in Gender Preference and Fertility: Southeast Asia and Latin America in a Comparative Perspective », Population Research and Policy Review (janvier 19). DOI : 10.1007/s11113-021-09692-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-021-09692-1.

Résumé : A preference for sons and a sex selection against females are widespread in vast regions of the world, including a great number of Asian and East European countries. However, while a robust son bias has been widely studied in several countries of these regions, much less attention has been given to other regions, such as Latin America. The aim of this paper is to compare gender preferences in twelve selected countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America at the beginning of the twenty-first century by calculating to what extent parents adapt their fertility behaviors to ensure the birth of a preferred sex. Using census data from Integrated Public Use Microdata Series-International (IPUMS-I), derived mostly from the 2010 round, we compute parity progression ratios with the Kaplan–Meier estimator and estimate Cox regressions to include control variables. The results focus on the probability of having a third child and show that a mixed composition of children (one boy and one girl) is the most widespread preference, except in Vietnam, where a heavy son preference can still be observed. The least preferred outcome varies between regions and countries, but it is most often two daughters.

Mots-clés : Fertility, Gender preference, Latin America, Southeast Asia.

Bedaida Imad Eddine, Benguerna Mohamed et Meyer Jean-Baptiste (2022) « Emergence of Private Higher Education in Algeria: Actors and Pathways », Economics and Business, 36 (1) (janvier 1), p. 85-104. DOI : 10.2478/eb-2022-0006. https://www.sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eb-2022-0006.

Résumé : Abstract Since gaining independence, the higher education sector in Algeria has undergone several reforms to fulfil the country’s requirements in terms of higher education, both to absorb the growing number of high-school graduates and meet the needs of the labour market. The emergence of a private higher education sector in Algeria has been slow in comparison to European countries, the United States, Japan and our culturally/historically-similar neighbouring countries (Tunisia and Morocco). This article reveals the results of research conducted on the context, governance and development of private higher education in Algeria. To achieve the objectives of our research, the study was conducted on five recently-accredited private higher education institutions through field observation, documentary analysis and interviews with executives, teachers and students at these institutions. The main results of the qualitative research suggest that private higher education continues to evolve through a transitional phase characterised by a gradual integration into the socio-economic framework of the country. Through these results, we contribute firstly on a theoretical and academic level by conducting the first research on the private sector of higher education in Algeria; secondly, on a practical level, by providing a clear and comprehensive view of the situation of the emerging private sector in Algeria.

Berriane Yasmine, Hassabo Chaymaa et Elsadda Hoda (2022) « Le « devoir d'essayer ». Trajectoire d'une chercheuse féministe engagée. », Mondes arabes, p. 137. DOI : 10.3917/machr2.002.0137. https://hal.science/hal-03888552.

Résumé : Peu connue des milieux francophones, Hoda Elsadda est, aujourd’hui, une référence incontournable de la recherche menée sur les sociétés du Maghreb et du Machrek dans les milieux universitaires arabophones et anglophones. Ses recherches couvrent les études sur le genre, l’histoire orale, la littérature, l’histoire intellectuelle, les mobilisations politiques et, enfin, la production et la circulation des savoirs dans une perspective postcoloniale. De plus – et elle le revendique d’ailleurs pleinement –, sa trajectoire académique est intimement liée à son engagement politique et militant : mobilisations pour les droits des femmes et contre les intrusions policières dans les universités, engagement politique et participation dans des instances de réforme gouvernementale, implication dans des initiatives de diffusion et de traduction de la recherche arabophone, création de fonds d’archives permettant d’écrire une contre-histoire des femmes. Le récit qu’elle nous offre sur les différentes étapes de sa vie, au Caire où elle est née en 1958, à Beyrouth où elle a vécu les premières années de la guerre civile, à Oxford où elle a préparé une partie de sa thèse, à Manchester où elle a été professeure pendant six ans avant de retourner au Caire en 2011, nous renseigne sur le développement du milieu universitaire et militant en Égypte, et il nous éclaire aussi (voire surtout) sur les crises, les doutes, les espoirs et les multiples revirements qui peuvent marquer une trajectoire d’intellectuelle engagée.

Berthod Delphine, Alvarez Dara, Perozziello Anne, Chabrol Fanny et Lucet Jean-Christophe (2022) « Are there reasons behind high Handrub consumption? A French National in-depth qualitative assessment », Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 11 (1) (février 23), p. 42. DOI : 10.1186/s13756-022-01074-2.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene (HH) is the most important measure for preventing healthcare-associated infections. A significant correlation between alcohol-based handrub consumption (AHRC) and observed HH compliance rates has been established. In France, publicly reported AHRC displayed a large heterogeneity across healthcare facilities (HCFs). We aimed to describe programmes for promoting HH in the top and medium AHRC scorers and to assess factors and drivers leading to a high AHRC score in a panel of French HCFs. METHODS: We performed a nationwide qualitative comparative case study based on in-depth semi-structured interviews in 16 HCFs with high, 4-year AHRC scores, and a sample of seven university hospitals (UHs) with medium AHRC scores. Infection Prevention and Control Team (IPC) members (n = 62), quality managers/chief executive officers (n = 23) and frontline workers (n = 6) were interviewed, using a grounded theory approach and an iterative thematic approach. RESULTS: Ninety-one interviews were performed. There was a large heterogeneity in IPC structures and objectives, with specific patterns associated with high AHRC that were more organisational than technical. Four areas emerged: (1) strong cohesive team structure with supportive and outcome-oriented work attitude, (2) IPC structure within the organization, (3) active support from the institution, (4) leadership and role model. Among high AHRC scorers, a good core IPC organisation, a proactive and flexible management, a frequent presence in the clinical wards, and working in a constructive safety climate were prominent. CONCLUSION: We highlighted that IPC structure and activity is heterogeneous, with organisational and behavioural characteristics associated with high AHRC score. Beyond technical challenge, our work underlines the importance of strong structure of the IPC and behavioural approaches in implementing key IPC programmes.

Mots-clés : Cross infection, Education, France, Hand disinfection, Health knowledge, attitude practice, Health personnel, Prevention and control, Qualitative research, Standards.

PubMed entry

Bertuzzi Leticia, El Aarbaoui Tarik, Heron Mégane, Gosselin Anne, Roy-de-Lachaise Laurine, Fossi Larissa, Della Corte Francesco, Vignier Nicolas, Melchior Maria, Schreiber Merritt, Vandentorren Stephanie et Vuillermoz Cécile (2022) « Longitudinal survey on the Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Healthcare Workers (PsyCOVer) in France: study protocol », BMJ Open, 12 (1) (janvier), p. e053009. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053009. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053009.

Résumé : Introduction In the pandemic, healthcare professionals face even higher levels of stress. It is therefore a priority to estimate the impact of the pandemic on mental health and to propose targeted strategies to improve resilience. The aims of the study were to (1) assess the mental health of healthcare professionals working with patients with COVID-19 and identify social determinants that may increase the risk of negative outcomes; and (2) test the effectiveness of an intervention to improve the resilience of healthcare professionals in France. Methods and analysis To evaluate the first objective, a national longitudinal study will be carried out among healthcare professionals working with patients with COVID-19. Participants will be recruited via an internet link that will be widely disseminated on social media, mailing lists, medical boards and French medical journals. Primary outcomes are mental health distress/symptoms and resilience. Secondary outcomes are burnout, social and occupational supports and substance use. To meet the second objective, an interventional study will be conducted. The main outcome is the effectiveness of the PsySTART-Responder and the Anticipate.Plan.Deter program. Qualitative analyses will be conducted to understand the strategies used to cope with the pandemic. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the Sorbonne Université Ethical Committee (No 2020-CER-2020-27) and was declared to French Commission on Information Technology and Liberties, CNIL (N°2222413, 20-05-2021). The results of this study will provide a better understanding of mental health and social inequalities in mental health among healthcare professionals working in the pandemic; data about the effectiveness of the PsySTART-Responder and the Anticipate.Plan.Deter interventional program in France.

Boly Dramane et Lange Marie-France (2022) « Le rôle de la privatisation de l’éducation dans l’accroissement des inégalités scolaires en milieu urbain au Burkina Faso », L’éducation en débats : analyse comparée, 12 (2) (décembre 21), p. 5-29. DOI : 10.51186/journals/ed.2022.12-2.e1050. https://oap.unige.ch/journals/ed/article/view/1050.

Résumé : Au Burkina Faso, comme dans d’autres pays d’Afrique francophone, le processus de privatisation de l’éducation concerne tout particulièrement les villes. Après avoir décrit les caractéristiques de l’offre privée dans l’enseignement primaire et post-primaire et secondaire et montré que le processus de privatisation est particulièrement important en milieu urbain, nous étudions les raisons et les modalités de ce développement. L’accroissement des inégalités scolaires en milieu urbain, en particulier dans la capitale Ouagadougou, est ensuite abordé à partir des inégalités scolaires résidentielles engendrées par une offre publique et privée inégalement répartie selon les différents quartiers de Ouagadougou. Enfin, nous montrons que la privatisation de l’éducation engendre une offre scolaire inégalitaire, peu performante et coûteuse

Bonnet Emmanuel, Beaugé Y., Ba M. F., Sidibé S., De Allegri M. et Ridde Valery (2022) « Knowledge of COVID-19 and the impact on indigents’ access to healthcare in Burkina Faso », International Journal for Equity in Health, 21 (1) (octobre 27), p. 150. DOI : 10.1186/s12939-022-01778-2. https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-022-01778-2.

Résumé : Abstract Background COVID-19 constitutes a global health emergency of unprecedented proportions. Preventive measures, however, have run up against certain difficulties in low and middle-income countries. This is the case in socially and geographically marginalized communities, which are excluded from information about preventive measures. This study contains a dual objective, i) to assess knowledge of COVID-19 and the preventive measures associated with it concerning indigents in the villages of Diebougou’s district in Burkina Faso. The aim is to understand if determinants of this understanding exist, and ii) to describe how their pathways to healthcare changed from 2019 to 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study was conducted in the Diebougou healthcare district, in the south-west region of Burkina Faso. We relied on a cross-sectional design and used data from the fourth round of a panel survey conducted among a sample of ultra-poor people that had been monitored since 2015. Data were collected in August 2020 and included a total of 259 ultra-poor people. A multivariate logistic regression to determine the factors associated with the respondents' knowledge of COVID-19 was used. Results Half of indigents in the district said they had heard about COVID-19. Only 29% knew what the symptoms of the disease were. The majority claimed that they protected themselves from the virus by using preventive measures. This level of knowledge of the disease can be observed with no differences between the villages. Half of the indigents who expressed themselves agreed with government measures except for the closure of markets. An increase of over 11% can be seen in indigents without the opportunity for getting healthcare compared with before the pandemic. Conclusions This research indicates that COVID-19 is partially known and that prevention measures are not universally understood. The study contributes to reducing the fragmentation of knowledge, in particular on vulnerable and marginalized populations. Results should be useful for future interventions for the control of epidemics that aim to leave no one behind.

Boulay Sébastien (2022) « Claire Cécile Mitatre, Au nord du Sud. Espace, valeurs et passion au Sahara atlantique », L'Homme, 242 (août 25), p. 189-192. DOI : 10.4000/lhomme.42977. https://journals.openedition.org/lhomme/42977.

Boulay Sébastien (2022) « BRACHET Julien & SCHEELE Judith, The Value of Disorder. Autonomy, Prosperity, and Plunder in the Chadian Sahara: Cambridge University Press, 2019 », Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 152 (décembre 30). DOI : 10.4000/remmm.18284. http://journals.openedition.org/remmm/18284.

Boulay Sébastien (2022) « Rétention ou transmission de savoir-faire dans l’Ouest saharien (Mauritanie, Sahara Occidental) ? Entre urgence patrimoniale, émancipation sociale et souveraineté nationale », Ethnologie française, 52 (1) (février 22), p. 51-66. DOI : 10.3917/ethn.221.0051. https://www.cairn.info/revue-ethnologie-francaise-2022-1-page-51.htm?ref=doi.

Résumé : En partant de deux initiatives originales de sauvegarde entreprises par des poètes et en partenariat avec des institutions publiques, le texte examine les enjeux mémoriels, sociaux et politiques autour de la détention et de la transmission de savoir-faire dans l’Ouest saharien (Mauritanie et Sahara Occidental), dans un contexte de fortes compétitions régionales entre États-nations et de mutation des modes de vie.

Bousmah Marwân-Al-Qays, Diakhaté Pathé, Toulao Grâce À Dieu, Le Hesran Jean-Yves et Lalou Richard (2022) « Effects of a free health insurance programme for the poor on health service utilisation and financial protection in Senegal », BMJ Global Health, 7 (Suppl 9) (décembre), p. e009977. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009977.

Résumé : INTRODUCTION: Implemented in 2013 in Senegal, the Programme National de Bourses de Sécurité Familiale (PNBSF) is a national cash transfer programme for poor households. Besides reducing household poverty and encouraging children's school attendance, an objective of the PNBSF is to expand health coverage by guaranteeing free enrolment in community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes. In this paper, we provide the first assessment of the PNBSF free health insurance programme on health service utilisation and health-related financial protection. METHODS: We collected household-level and individual-level cross-sectional data on health insurance in 2019-2020 within the Niakhar Population Observatory in rural Senegal. We conducted a series of descriptive analyses to fully describe the application of the PNBSF programme in terms of health coverage. We then used multivariate logistic and Poisson regression models within an inverse probability weighting framework to estimate the effect of being registered in a CBHI through the PNBSF-as compared with having no health insurance or having voluntarily enrolled in a CBHI scheme-on a series of outcomes. RESULTS: With the exception of health facility deliveries, which were favoured by free health insurance, the PNBSF did not reduce the unmet need for healthcare or the health-related financial risk. It did not increase individuals' health service utilisation in case of health problems, did not increase the number of antenatal care visits and did not protect households against the risk of forgoing medical care and of catastrophic health expenditure. CONCLUSION: We found limited effects of the PNBSF free health insurance on health service utilisation and health-related financial protection, although these failures were not necessarily due to the provision of free health insurance per se. Our results point to both implementation failures and limited programme outcomes. Greater commitment from the state is needed, particularly through strategies to reduce barriers to accessing covered healthcare.

Mots-clés : health economics, health insurance, health policy, health services research, maternal health.

PubMed entry

Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays, Gosselin Anne, Coulibaly Karna, Ravalihasy Andrainolo et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2022) « Health empowerment and access to health coverage among immigrants in France: the Makasi intervention », European Journal of Public Health, 32 (Supplement_3) (octobre 1), p. ckac129.457. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.457. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.457.

Résumé : The Makasi community-based research project offered an innovative health-related empowerment intervention to immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in precarious situations in the greater Paris area, to reduce their social vulnerability and their exposure to HIV. Our objective is to evaluate the impact of the intervention on access to health coverage in this population.Participants were recruited based on precariousness criteria in public places in Ile-de-France (squares, railway stations, markets, etc.) by mobile teams of social workers and health mediators. Following a stepped-wedge design, participants were randomised into two groups receiving the intervention sequentially (immediately in one group and 3 months later in the other). We evaluated the impact of the Makasi intervention on access to health coverage among 821 individuals observed at 0, 3, and 6 months, between 2018 and 2021. We implemented random-effects panel models - allowing for unobserved heterogeneity - using a Heckman selection approach to correct for attrition. Finally, we used seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) to examine the extent to which the effect of the intervention was mediated by health-related empowerment.Participants - 77% of which were men - had been living in France for 4 years on average. 44% of them had no health coverage at the time of inclusion. Our results provided evidence for a significant impact of the Makasi intervention on participants’ access to health coverage, with an 18 percentage-point increase in the probability of accessing health coverage 6 months after having received the intervention (p < 0.01). The mediation analysis revealed that this effect operated partly through an empowerment process in terms of knowledge of social and health resources.We showed that a health empowerment intervention provided by social workers and health mediators largely favours access to health rights for immigrants in precarious situations.• A health empowerment intervention improved access to health coverage among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in precarious situations in France.• Improvement in access to health coverage was found to be partly mediated by reinforcement of participants’ health literacy in terms of social and health resources.

Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays, Iwuji Collins, Okesola Nonhlanhla, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Pillay Deenan, Dabis François, Larmarange Joseph et Boyer Sylvie (2022) « Costs and economies of scale in repeated home-based HIV counselling and testing: Evidence from the ANRS 12249 treatment as prevention trial in South Africa », Social Science & Medicine, 305 (juillet 1), p. 115068. DOI : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115068. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953622003744.

Résumé : Universal HIV testing is now recommended in generalised HIV epidemic settings. Although home-based HIV counselling and testing (HB-HCT) has been shown to be effective in achieving high levels of HIV status awareness, little is still known about the cost implications of universal and repeated HB-HCT. We estimated the costs of repeated HB-HCT and the scale economies that can be obtained when increasing the population coverage of the intervention. We used primary data from the ANRS 12249 Treatment as Prevention (TasP) trial in rural South Africa (2012–2016), whose testing component included six-monthly repeated HB-HCT. We relied on the dynamic system generalised method of moments (GMM) approach to produce unbiased short- and long-run estimates of economies of scale, using the number of contacts made by HIV counsellors for HB-HCT as the scale variable. We also estimated the mediating effect of the contact quality – measured as the proportion of HIV tests performed among all contacts eligible for an HIV test – on scale economies. The mean cost (standard deviation) of universal and repeated HB-HCT was $24.2 (13.7) per contact, $1694.3 (1527.8) per new HIV diagnosis, and $269.2 (279.0) per appropriate referral to HIV care. The GMM estimations revealed the presence of economies of scale, with a 1% increase in the number of contacts for HB-HCT leading to a 0.27% decrease in the mean cost. Our results also suggested a significant long-run relationship between mean cost and scale, with a 1% increase in the scale leading to a 0.36% decrease in mean cost in the long run. Overall, we showed that significant cost savings can be made from increasing population coverage. Nevertheless, there is a risk that this gain is made at the expense of quality: the higher the quality of HB-HCT activities, the lower the economies of scale.

Mots-clés : AIDS/HIV, Clinical trials, Cost of care, Economies of scale, Interventions, Prevention, South Africa.

Bousmah et al. - 2022 - Costs and economies of scale in repeated home-base.pdf 1.2 Mio (source)

ScienceDirect Snapshot (source)

Cambon Linda, Castel Patrick, Couteron Jean-Pierre, El Ghozi Laurent, Gerbaud Laurent, Girard Vincent, Habold Daniel, Kepenekian George, Ménard Didier, Nouguez Étienne, Ridde Valéry et Satilmis Laetitia (2022) « Passer d’une politique de santé publique à une santé publique politique : proposition du groupe miroir pour un virage paradigmatique », Santé Publique, 34 (1), p. 5-8. DOI : 10.3917/spub.221.0005. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2022-1-page-5.htm.

Résumé : En 2021, le Professeur Franck Chauvin a remis à Olivier Véran un rapport [1] destiné à redessiner la santé publique. Dans le cadre de cette mission, un groupe appelé « miroir » [2] a été constitué afin d’apporter une expertise pluridisciplinaire au Collège de la mission. Ce groupe a listé un certain nombre d’enjeux et de préconisations pour y répondre. Ces dernières convergeaient vers la nécessité de penser différemment l’action en santé publique en se focalisant, non pas sur les individus et leur manière d’agir et de penser la santé, mais sur les causes structurelles de sa construction, de son amélioration ou de sa dégradation. Certaines ont été retenues, d’autres non ou partiellement. Ce texte propose de partager, en complément de ce rapport, ce qui semblait, du point de vue du groupe miroir, comme fondamental à une santé publique moderne, efficace et équitable.

Carillon S., Chabrol Fanny, Couderc Marie et Girard G. (2022) « L'art de captiver, de transmettre et de fédérer », Anthropologie et Santé, No hs 24 bis, p. [9 p. en ligne]. DOI : 10.4000/anthropologiesante.11349. https://hal.science/hal-03862273.

Cavallaro Francesca L, Kabore Charles P, Pearson Rachel, Blackburn Ruth M, Sobhy Soha, Betran Ana Pilar, Ronsmans Carine et Dumont Alexandre (2022) « Does hospital variation in intrapartum-related perinatal mortality among caesarean births reflect differences in quality of care? Cross-sectional study in 21 hospitals in Burkina Faso », BMJ Open, 12 (10) (octobre 1), p. e055241. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055241. http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/10/e055241.abstract.

Résumé : Objectives To examine hospital variation in crude and risk-adjusted rates of intrapartum-related perinatal mortality among caesarean births.Design Secondary analysis of data from the DECIDE (DECIsion for caesarean DElivery) cluster randomised trial postintervention phase.Setting 21 district and regional hospitals in Burkina Faso.Participants All 5134 women giving birth by caesarean section in a 6-month period in 2016.Primary outcome measure Intrapartum-related perinatal mortality (fresh stillbirth or neonatal death within 24 hours of birth).Results Almost 1 in 10 of 5134 women giving birth by caesarean experienced an intrapartum-related perinatal death. Crude mortality rates varied substantially from 21 to 189 per 1000 between hospitals. Variation was markedly reduced after adjusting for case mix differences (the median OR decreased from 1.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.5) to 1.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.7)). However, higher and more variable adjusted mortality persisted among hospitals performing fewer caesareans per month. Additionally, adjusting for caesarean care components did not further reduce variation (median OR=1.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.8)).Conclusions There is a high burden of intrapartum-related perinatal deaths among caesarean births in Burkina Faso and sub-Saharan Africa more widely. Variation in adjusted mortality rates indicates likely differences in quality of caesarean care between hospitals, particularly lower volume hospitals. Improving access to and quality of emergency obstetric and newborn care is an important priority for improving survival of babies at birth.Trial registration number ISRCTN48510263.Data are available upon reasonable request. Reasonable requests may be directed to CK (kaborewendyam@yahoo.fr).

Full Text PDF 1.4 Mio (source)

Chamas Claudia, Barbeitas Mady Malheiros, Correa Marilena, Kameda Koichi, de Oliveira Ana Claudia Dias et Villarinho Luiz (2022) « Innovation in diagnostics: addressing gaps in low- and middle-income countries », Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 100 (8) (août 1), p. 467-467A. DOI : 10.2471/BLT.22.288313. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306385/.

PubMed Central Link

Chaudat Philippe (2022) « Cachez ce buveur que je ne saurais voir ! : Entre visibilité et invisibilité, la spatialisation du monde des bars à Meknès (Maroc) », Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 151 (septembre 12), p. 199-216. DOI : 10.4000/remmm.18048. http://journals.openedition.org/remmm/18048.

Résumé : Au Maroc, l’alcool est interdit aux musulmans, et pourtant les bars et certains restaurants proposent cette marchandise à des consommateurs qui sont des musulmans. Pour pouvoir vendre de l’alcool, ces commerces organisent, selon des modalités qui leur sont propres, leur espace et leurs pratiques pour les rendre invisibles, tandis que les clients, de leur côté, masquent leurs usages de cette marchandise. L’espace des bars et des restaurants servant de l’alcool se distingue alors des autres espaces commerciaux tout en étant comparable aux espaces d’habitation. Il ne relève ni du privé, ni du public, mais constitue une des multiples sphères d’échanges présentes autour de l’alcool, qui réunies forment alors un « monde » à part, coexistant avec d’autres mondes. Mots-clés : Alcool, espace, Maroc, espace privé, espace public, intime, sphères d’échanges, mondes Keywords: Alcohol, spatialization, Morocco, private space, public space, intimate, spheres of exchange, worlds

Chaudat Philippe (2022) « Hide this drinker that I cannot see! Between visibility and invisibility, the spatialization of the world of Bars in Meknes (Morocco) », Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 151 (septembre 12), p. 199. DOI : 10.4000/remmm.18048. https://hal.science/hal-04150541.

Snapshot (source)

Chaudat Philippe et Leservoisier Olivier (2022) « De l’apprentissage du terrain au terrain comme apprentissage. L’expérience d’une pédagogie inversée », Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales, 39-40 (avril 1), p. 31-50. DOI : 10.14428/emulations.039-40.02. https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/emulations/article/view/chaudat.

Résumé : Partant d’une expérience de plusieurs années d’encadrement de stages de terrain en ethnologie, cet article propose une réflexion sur les enjeux et les modalités de l’apprentissage de l’enquête ethnographique, tant du point de vue des enseignants que de celui des étudiants. Il s’interroge à la fois sur les recompositions que cet apprentissage a pu connaître au fil des ans et sur les transformations que celui-ci engendre dans les pratiques pédagogiques. L’examen des conditions d’enseignement de l’enquête de terrain conduit ainsi à analyser les effets d’une pédagogie inversée, tout en rendant compte de la portée heuristique du dialogue entre des dispositifs pédagogiques (enseignement et stage) complémentaires et essentiels dans la formation à la recherche par la recherche.

Chavez Henry, Albornoz María Belén et Martín Fernando (2022) « ‘Big data’ Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Scopus Database, 2009–2019 », Journal of Scientometric Research, 11 (1), p. 64-78. DOI : 10.5530/jscires.11.1.7. https://www.jscires.org/article/485.

Résumé : Scopus-database publications containing the keyword ‘big data’ have skyrocketed from 30 (2009) to almost 16,000 (2019). This trend reveals this field’s importance across disciplines and contexts. Previous works have analysed the emergence and characteristics of scientific research on ‘big data’ but need updating. We undertook a bibliometric analysis of over 73,000 such 2009–2019 publications. This data helped to identify the primary trends, subjects, networks and institutions publishing on big data worldwide and explain the relations and differences between scientific communities working on this subject in central and peripheral countries. Furthermore, this research highlights Chinese researchers’ and institutions’ prominence in this field alongside the influence of American contributions, which are most frequently cited. The emergence of dynamic poles of scientific production in middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and South America are also studied. Despite the dynamism of the field, about 2% of the articles account for 40% of the field’s citations, while 42% have no citations. Originating in computer science and engineering, big data research is increasingly becoming interdisciplinary. Keyword trends over time also show a shift from technical and prospective concerns towards (1) methodological and practical issues and (2) the development of AI and machine learning techniques. These indicators present differences between countries with varying geo-economic conditions. Collaboration networks have rapidly grown with the US and China as the main nodes and European countries as intermediaries in the circulation of this topic. Although still rare, there are some signs of South-South collaboration between Latin America, Africa and Asia.

Mots-clés : Bibliometrics, Big data, Global South, Knowledge Circulation, Scientific networks.

Chotard Lisa, Ridde Valéry et Chabrol Fanny (2022) « « Un sac blanc qu’on bouge » : le corps mort et les soignants à l’épreuve de la pandémie de COVID-19 », Frontières, 33 (2). DOI : 10.7202/1095220ar. https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/fr/2022-v33-n2-fr07587/1095220ar/.

Résumé : À l’hôpital et en chambre mortuaire, la réalité corporelle des patients n’a jamais été aussi palpable et problématique qu’en période de pandémie. Approcher la gestion de crise par le prisme des corps est devenu autant une entrée empirique qu’un outil analytique. Impératifs de conservation, risques de contamination, accumulation des corps sont autant d’enjeux qui ont suscité un désordre multidimensionnel (logistique, psychosocial et ontologique) chez le personnel soignant et les familles. Notre enquête de quatre mois en chambre mortuaire d’un hôpital de référence parisien (de février à mai 2021) nous a permis d’en rendre compte. Les restrictions sanitaires ont engendré des troubles cognitifs et sensoriels majeurs dans la prise en charge des défunts ainsi qu’une perte de sens brutale et douloureuse pour le personnel soignant et les familles qui a été relativement palliée par le recours à différentes rationalités sensoriellement et corporellement ancrées. Le « corps mort covidé », figure réifiante des défunts atteints de la COVID‑19 soumis à la brutalité des protocoles sanitaires, a dû être resymbolisé. Il apparaît alors essentiel de repositionner la pandémie dans une compréhension non pas seulement biosécuritaire, mais aussi morale, sociale et culturelle.

Mots-clés : adaptaciones, adaptations, body, cadáveres, corps, COVID-19, COVID‑19, death, désordre, disorder, mort, muerte, trastorno.

Chotard Lisa, Ridde Valéry et Chabrol Fanny (2022) « “A White Bag We Move”: The Dead Body and Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic », Frontières, 33 (2). DOI : 10.7202/1095220ar. https://hal.science/hal-04150549.

Snapshot (source)

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2022) « Republican Universalism at the Test of French Multicultural Society: Cultural Diversity and Social Cohesion According to Young People », Populism (septembre 6), p. 1-25. DOI : 10.1163/25888072-bja10039. https://brill.com/view/journals/popu/aop/article-10.1163-25888072-bja10039/article-10.1163-25888072-bja10039.xml.

Résumé : While the trial of modernity and its legacies, the rise of anti-universalistic discourses, and the temptations of identitarian closures are common Western trends, this paper will specifically focus on the French case, as its republican assimilationist model has been very much infused with universalism and endures many tensions facing multicultural society. By focusing on the arguments mobilized by young French adults to solve the tensions between republican universalism and national particularism, as well as envisioning social cohesion, we analyze their narratives and shed light on four “spirits”: Homo Nationalis, embodying a nationalistic passion for the homeland; Homo Civicus, expressing deep commitment to the res publica and the common good; Homo Culturalis, demanding recognition of minority cultures; and Homo Pontifex (the “bridge builder”), encouraging cosmopolitanism and a love of humanity.

Cicchelli Vincenzo, Octobre Sylvie, Katz‐Gerro Tally, Yodovich Neta, Handy Femida et Ruiz Stefanie (2022) « “Because we all love K‐Pop”: How young adults reshape symbolic boundaries in Paris, Manchester, and Philadelphia », The British Journal of Sociology (novembre 9), p. 1468-4446.12983. DOI : 10.1111/1468-4446.12983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-4446.12983.

Clech Lucie, Meister Sofia, Belloiseau Maeva, Benmarhnia Tarik, Bonnet Emmanuel, Casseus Alain, Cloos Patrick, Dagenais Christian, De Allegri Manuela, du Loû Annabel Desgrées, Franceschin Lucas, Goudet Jean-Marc, Henrys Daniel, Mathon Dominique, Matin Mowtushi, Queuille Ludovic, Sarker Malabika, Turenne Charlotte Paillard et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Healthcare system resilience in Bangladesh and Haiti in times of global changes (climate-related events, migration and Covid-19): an interdisciplinary mixed method research protocol », BMC Health Services Research, 22 (1) (décembre), p. 340. DOI : 10.1186/s12913-021-07294-3. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-07294-3.

Résumé : Abstract Background Since climate change, pandemics and population mobility are challenging healthcare systems, an empirical and integrative research to studying and help improving the health systems resilience is needed. We present an interdisciplinary and mixed-methods research protocol, ClimHB, focusing on vulnerable localities in Bangladesh and Haiti, two countries highly sensitive to global changes. We develop a protocol studying the resilience of the healthcare system at multiple levels in the context of climate change and variability, population mobility and the Covid-19 pandemic, both from an institutional and community perspective. Methods The conceptual framework designed is based on a combination of Levesque’s Health Access Framework and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office’s Resilience Framework to address both outputs and the processes of resilience of healthcare systems. It uses a mixed-method sequential exploratory research design combining multi-sites and longitudinal approaches. Forty clusters spread over four sites will be studied to understand the importance of context, involving more than 40 healthcare service providers and 2000 households to be surveyed. We will collect primary data through questionnaires, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and participatory filming. We will also use secondary data on environmental events sensitive to climate change and potential health risks, healthcare providers’ functioning and organisation. Statistical analyses will include event-history analyses, development of composite indices, multilevel modelling and spatial analyses. Discussion This research will generate inter-disciplinary evidence and thus, through knowledge transfer activities, contribute to research on low and middle-income countries (LMIC) health systems and global changes and will better inform decision-makers and populations.

Coulibaly Abdourahmane, Touré Laurence, Zinszer Kate et Ridde Valéry (2022) « La résilience de l’hôpital du Mali face à la Covid-19 dans un contexte de pénuries », Santé Publique, Prépublication, p. 935-945. DOI : 10.3917/spub.pr1.0935. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2022-0-page-935.htm.

Résumé : Objectif : L’objectif de cette recherche était de rendre compte des stratégies de résilience mobilisées par l’Hôpital du Mali face à la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19).Méthode : Les données collectées ont concerné une période correspondant aux premiers mois de gestion de la pandémie à l’hôpital (avril - juillet 2020). Au total, 32 entretiens semi-directifs et 53 séances d’observation ont été réalisés. Les analyses se sont appuyées sur un cadre conceptuel et ont été menées selon l’approche déductive.Résultats : Les résultats montrent que, face aux multiples effets de la COVID-19 tels que l’aggravation de la pénurie du personnel et de la charge de travail, le besoin de créer des infrastructures dédiées, la baisse drastique des recettes liée à la baisse de fréquentation de l’hôpital, le personnel a mis en place de multiples stratégies (ex. réduction ou report de certaines dépenses, réquisition de bâtiment, recrutements de contractuels et le redéploiement du personnel fonctionnaire). La mise en place de ces stratégies a globalement permis de maintenir l’accès aux soins des patients, même si les restrictions ont été nombreuses pour les patients non COVID-19. L’hôpital a été en mesure de s’inscrire dans une résilience absorptive.Conclusion : Cette recherche qualitative a permis une meilleure compréhension des faits liés à la gestion de la COVID-19 en milieu hospitalier, et notamment de sa résilience. Les leçons tirées de la recherche devraient permettre de concevoir, à l’avenir, des réponses plus adaptées et plus efficaces pour faire face aux pandémies.

Full Text (HTML)

Attachment

Coulibaly Abdourahmane, Touré Laurence, Zinszer Kate et Ridde Valéry (2022) « La résilience de l’hôpital du Mali face à la COVID-19 dans un contexte de pénuries: », Santé Publique, Vol. 33 (6) (mars 11), p. 935-945. DOI : 10.3917/spub.216.0935. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2021-6-page-935.htm?ref=doi.

Résumé : Objectif : L’objectif de cette recherche était de rendre compte des stratégies de résilience mobilisées par l’Hôpital du Mali face à la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19). Méthode : Les données collectées ont concerné une période correspondant aux premiers mois de gestion de la pandémie à l’hôpital (avril - juillet 2020). Au total, 32 entretiens semi-directifs et 53 séances d’observation ont été réalisés. Les analyses se sont appuyées sur un cadre conceptuel et ont été menées selon l’approche déductive. Résultats : Les résultats montrent que, face aux multiples effets de la COVID-19 tels que l’aggravation de la pénurie du personnel et de la charge de travail, le besoin de créer des infrastructures dédiées, la baisse drastique des recettes liée à la baisse de fréquentation de l’hôpital, le personnel a mis en place de multiples stratégies (ex. réduction ou report de certaines dépenses, réquisition de bâtiment, recrutements de contractuels et le redéploiement du personnel fonctionnaire). La mise en place de ces stratégies a globalement permis de maintenir l’accès aux soins des patients, même si les restrictions ont été nombreuses pour les patients non COVID-19. L’hôpital a été en mesure de s’inscrire dans une résilience absorptive. Conclusion : Cette recherche qualitative a permis une meilleure compréhension des faits liés à la gestion de la COVID-19 en milieu hospitalier, et notamment de sa résilience. Les leçons tirées de la recherche devraient permettre de concevoir, à l’avenir, des réponses plus adaptées et plus efficaces pour faire face aux pandémies.

Texte intégral 1.1 Mio (source)

Coulibaly Karna, Gosselin Anne, Carillon Séverine, Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays, Taéron Corinne, Mbiribindi Romain et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2022) « Knowledge of HIV prevention biomedical tools among African immigrants in France: the Makasi project », European Journal of Public Health, 32 (Supplement_3) (octobre 1), p. ckac130.173. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.173. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.173.

Résumé : In France, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have been available for several years. However, there is still no evidence on the level of knowledge of these HIV prevention tools among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in precarious situations, a population particularly affected by HIV. The aim of this study is to describe the knowledge of these tools in this population and analyse the factors associated with this knowledge.The data mobilized are from the Makasi interventional research that was conducted between 2018 and 2020 among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa in precarious situations in the greater Paris area. Using data collected from 601 participants, we described levels of knowledge of HIV treatment effectiveness, treatment as prevention (TasP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), by sex with a chi2 test. We investigated factors associated with their knowledge with logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions and sexual behaviors (p ≤ 0.2).The population surveyed was predominantly men (76%), from West Africa (61%) and in a precarious situation: 69% were unemployed, 74% were undocumented, 46% had no health coverage and 13% were homeless. In this population, knowledge of antiretroviral treatments for HIV prevention was heterogeneous: the effectiveness of HIV treatment was well known (84%), but only half of the respondents (46%) were aware of TasP and very few knew about PEP and PrEP: 6% and 5% respectively. Multivariable-adjusted models showed that these tools was better known by educated people, those who had a social network in France, those who have had access to the health system and those who were exposed to sexual risks.While sub-Saharan African immigrants know the effectiveness of HIV treatment and use certain prevention tools such as HIV testing, they are not aware of PEP and PrEP.PEP and PrEP are two HIV prevention tools that are not well known by sub-Saharan African immigrants.There is an urgent need to disseminate information about these prevention tools to immigrants.

Coulibaly Karna, Gosselin Anne, Carillon Séverine, Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Melchior Maria, Ridde Valéry, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et On Behalf of the MAKASI Study Group (2022) « Is empowerment in sexual health measurable? A scoping review of definitions and measurement indicators », Health Promotion International, 37 (5) (octobre 1), p. daac139. DOI : 10.1093/heapro/daac139. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac139.

Résumé : The concept of empowerment in sexual health is widely used in health promotion. This scoping review aims to identify how it is defined and measured. PubMed, Sage Journals, PsycInfo and the Web of Science are data sources. The inclusion criteria for studies were as follows: (1) an analysis of empowerment in sexual health, (2) quantitative evaluation and (3) publication in a peer-reviewed journal in French or English since January 1996. Data were extracted using a summary table of the definitions and indicators of empowerment in sexual health. Of the 2181 articles found, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Only 4 studies on 29 clearly defined empowerment in sexual health. Five dimensions emerged from the indicators used in the 29 studies in relation to sexual empowerment (social participation, participation in decision making, power to act, sexual health knowledge and gender norms), with two types of indicators: indicators unspecific to sexual health, which can be viewed as empowerment basic skills, and indicators specific to sexual health. Most studies concerned women and focused on individual empowerment, with a lack of measure of collective and structural levels of empowerment. Despite great heterogeneity in the definitions and indicators used, a set of core indicators emerged: participation in decision making, sexual negotiation power and sexual communication skills, knowledge and use of contraceptive methods, and HIV and sexually transmitted infections risk perception. This set could be systematically used in each study based on sexual empowerment concept, completed by supplementary indicators considering the specific context.Empowerment is at the heart of health promotion. The concept of empowerment in sexual health has been increasingly used in the field of health promotion, but there is a lack of a consensual definition and great heterogeneity in the indicators used to assess that concept and measure it, according to targeted populations and cultural contexts. In this scoping review on how empowerment in sexual health is defined and measured, five dimensions emerged: social participation, participation in decision making, power to act, sexual health knowledge and gender norms. Through these dimensions, two types of indicators were collected: indicators unspecific to sexual health, which can be viewed as empowerment basic skills, and indicators specific to sexual health. Despite great heterogeneity in the definitions and indicators used, a set of core indicators emerged: participation in decision making, sexual negotiation power and sexual communication skills, knowledge and use of contraceptive methods, and HIV and sexually transmitted infections risk perception. For future research, this set could be systematically used in each study based on sexual empowerment concept, and should be completed by supplementary indicators considering the specific context.

De Araujo Oliveira Sydia Rosana, Soares Sampaio Aletheia, Vasconcelos Ana Lucia, Cazarin Gisele, Zacarias Amanda, Furtado Betise, Andrade Andréa Carla, Paz de Sousa Karla Myrelle et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Mise en œuvre de la capacité de réponse à la COVID-19 dans un hôpital au Brésil: », Santé Publique, Vol. 33 (6) (mars 11), p. 971-978. DOI : 10.3917/spub.216.0971. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2021-6-page-971.htm?ref=doi.

De Beaudrap Pierre, Mouté Charles, Pasquier Estelle, Tchoumkeu Alice, Temgoua Carole Dongmo, Zerbo Aida, Mac-Seing Muriel et Beninguisse Gervais (2022) « Burden of and risk factors for sexual violence among women with and without disabilities in two sub-Saharan African countries », Global Health Action, 15 (1) (décembre 31), p. 2077904. DOI : 10.1080/16549716.2022.2077904. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16549716.2022.2077904.

Résumé : BACKGROUND Available data suggest that women with disabilities have an increased risk of sexual violence, but little is known about the situation of those women living in resource-limited settings. OBJECTIVES To assess the burden and examine the drivers of sexual violence among women with disabilities. METHODS This is a pooled analysis of two population-based surveys conducted in Cameroon and Burundi. Adults with and without disabilities were randomly recruited from the general population. Structured interviews were conducted at both sites to collect data on participants’ functional limitations, life-course history of sexual violence, education, employment, and resources. Only women with disabilities whose impairments started before the age of 10 years (n = 359) and women without disabilities (n = 720) are included in this analysis. The age-adjusted prevalence of violence was computed, and risk factors were assessed using a discrete survival regression and mediation analysis. RESULTS At both sites, the participants with disabilities had a lower education level and had an increased risk of food insecurity. The pooled age-adjusted prevalence of lifetime sexual violence was 19.8% (95%CI:15.3–24.3) among women with disabilities and 11.7% (95%CI:9.3–14.1) among those without disabilities (ORap: 2.0, 95%CI:1.4–2.8). Women with cognitive limitations and those with visual impairments had the highest risk of sexual violence (ORap: 3.5 (95%CI:2.0–6.3) and 2.7 (95%CI:1.4–5.0), respectively). Over the life course, the risk of sexual violence was especially high among women with disabilities who had lived with an intimate partner before the age of 25 years (p < 0.001). Education level mediated approximately one-third of the total association between disability and sexual violence (p = 0.001). There was no evidence of an indirect effect through food insecurity. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of the high burden of sexual violence among women with disabilities who live in urban African contexts. The social environment and access to education may be key contributors to this vulnerability.

Debe Siaka, Ilboudo Patrick G, Kabore Lassane, Zoungrana Noelie, Gansane Adama, Ridde Valéry, De Brouwere Vincent et Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati (2022) « Effects of the free healthcare policy on health services’ usage by children under 5 years in Burkina Faso: a controlled interrupted time-series analysis », BMJ Open, 12 (11), p. e058077. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058077. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058077.

Résumé : Objectives This study aimed to analyse, at national level, the effects of the free healthcare policy for children on the use of health services by children under five in Burkina Faso. We hypothesised that this policy has led to an immediate and sustained increase in the use of health services for these children in the country. Setting We conducted a controlled interrupted time series. Monthly data at district level, spanning from January 2013 to December 2018 and corresponding to 72 monthly data points (39 before and 33 after), were extracted from the Burkina Faso National Health Information System. The analysed dataset included data from all the 70 health districts of the country. Participants The study consisted of aggregated data from children under five as the target for the policy with children aged between 5 and 14 years old as control group. Intervention The intervention was the introduction of the free healthcare policy for women and children under 5 years from April 2016. Outcome The primary outcome was the monthly mean rate of health services visits by children. Results Among the children under five, the rate of visits increased of 57% (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.57; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0) in the month immediately following the launching of the free healthcare policy. An increase in the rate of health facility visits of 1% (IRR=1.01; 95% CI 1.0 to 1.1) per month was also noted during postintervention. Compared with the control group, we observed an increase in the rate of visits of 2.5% (IRR=1.025; 95% CI 1.023 to 1.026) per month. Conclusion Findings suggest that the free healthcare policy increased the use of health facilities for care in Burkina Faso immediately after the implementation of the policy with a small increase in the rate overtime. Strategies to maintain the policy effect over time are necessary.

Dérilus J., Simon D. Jean et Becquet Valentine (2022) « Le non recours à la contraception chez les femmes célibataires sexuellement actives à Haïti », Périnatalité, Lavoisier (novembre 18). DOI : 10.3166/rmp-2022-0178. https://rmp.revuesonline.com/articles/lvrmp/abs/first/lvrmp_2022_sprperinat000584/lvrmp_2022_sprperinat000584.html.

Résumé : À Haïti, bien que le gouvernement se soit engagé à améliorer les services de planification familiale, les femmes célibataires sont confrontées à des difficultés considérables en matière de droits sexuels et reproductifs. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cet article est d’estimer le taux de besoins non satisfaits en contraception (BNSC) chez les femmes célibataires sexuellement actives à Haïti, d’identifier et de hiérarchiser les facteurs associés à la non-utilisation de la contraception dans cette population. L’article utilise les données de l’Enquête Démographique et de Santé la plus récente réalisée à Haïti en 2017 et repose sur des analyses descriptives et une régression logistique binaire. Les résultats montrent que le taux de BNSC chez les femmes sexuellement actives est estimé à 52,9 %, ce qui est largement supérieur à celui des femmes en union (38,0 %). Il a été également observé que l’âge, le département de résidence, l’occupation et le niveau de vie sont les déterminants des BNSC chez les célibataires sexuellement actives. L’âge et le département de résidence sont par ailleurs les facteurs les plus contributifs à l’explication du phénomène étudié. Afin de combler les BNSC des femmes sexuellement actives, les autorités gouvernementales devraient tenir compte de ces facteurs. Il conviendrait surtout d’améliorer les ressources sociales, économiques et politiques des femmes, célibataires mais aussi en union, afin qu’elles puissent prendre leurs propres décisions reproductives et choisir de limiter ou non leurs naissances, par le moyen qu’elles préfèrent.

Desjeux Dominique et Moati Philippe (2022) « Que restera-t-il de la crise Covid dans les modes de vie et de consommation ? », p. 17. https://hal.science/hal-03897946.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Snapshot (source)

Diagne Ibrahima, Petit Véronique et Koundoul Adama (2022) « Youth and Mental Health in a Context of Demographic and Health Transition in Senegal: How Youth Mental Health Intersects with Important Development Issues », Austin Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 6 (2) (novembre 4), p. id1027.

Résumé : Citation: Diagne I, Petit V and Koundoul A. Youth and Mental Health in a Context of Demographic and Health Transition in Senegal: How Youth Mental Health Intersects with Important Development Issues. Austin Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022; 6(2): 1027. Austin Child Adolesc Psychiatry - Volume 6 Issue 2 - 2022 Submit your Manuscript | www.austinpublishinggroup.com Diagne et al. © All rights are reserved Austin Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Open Access Abstract The mental health of young people is an issue of public health and sustainable development that is still underestimated in the countries of the South, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, even though demographic and health transitions make it a major challenge. The overview of mental health in developing countries highlights the absence of a specific policy, the lack of resources allocated to this health sector, and the scarcity of research, even though mental illnesses have decisive and growing morbid, social, and economic impacts. The insufficient production of data contributes to the invisibilities of this issue. Based on the literature and the experiences of the authors on mental health in Senegal, they illustrate how the psychological health of young people is interwoven into the societal context.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Diallo Alhassane, Carlos-Bolumbu Miguel, Diallo Mamadou Hassimiou, Makinson Alain et Galtier Florence (2022) « Efficacy of approved vaccines to prevent COVID-19: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of reconstructed individual patient data from randomized trials », Journal of Public Health (mars 23). DOI : 10.1007/s10389-022-01707-1. https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-03994353.

Résumé : Aim To optimize vaccination strategy, evidence on vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 is needed. Method The present network meta-analysis uses reconstructed individual patient data from phase III trials on vaccine efficacy (VE), identified through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library (CENTRAL) peer-reviewed and published in English before August 31, 2021. The primary outcome was the VE against confirmed COVID-19 at any time after the first dose as defined in each study. VE was re-estimated using the two-stage approach. Poisson regression models were applied to each trial at the first stage, and the incidence risk ratio (IRR) and their 95% CI were aggregated to allow random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) at the second stage. VE was expressed as: (1-IRR) × 100. The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020200012). Results A total of eight studies, evaluating nine different vaccines were identified and analyzed. Between April 23, 2020 and January 05, 2021, 210,418 participants were recruited in 354 sites worldwide. During a median (IQR) follow-up duration of 69.8 (69.7–70.3) days, 2131 confirmed COVID-19 cases occurred (604; 26.0 per 1000 person–years in vaccine recipients and 1527; 85.9 per 1000 person–years in the control group). The mRNA-1273 vaccine was the most effective (P-score 0.99); at any time after dose 1, incidence reduction for mRNA-1273 ranged from 78% to 98% compared to the other vaccines. Conclusion Our results provide evidence for the short-term superiority of mRNA vaccines, especially the mRNA-1273 vaccine in prevention of COVID-19 in different populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01707-1.

Texte intégral 691.7 kio (source)

Snapshot (source)

PubMed entry

Publications des membres du Ceped

2022

Livre

Article de revue

Flux

Outils internes