Références bibliographiques

Guilmoto Christophe Z. (2010) « La parenté, le marché et l'Etat face à l'aversion pour les filles en Asie », Hérodote, 136, p. 166-184. DOI : 10.3917/her.136.0166. http://www.ceped.org/IMG/pdf/ceped_wp08.pdf.

Guilmoto Christophe Z. (2010) « Longer-term disruptions to demographic structures in China and India resulting from skewed sex ratios at birth », Asian Population Studies, 6 (1), p. 3-24. DOI : 10.1080/17441731003603371.

Henry Emile, Marcellin Fabienne, Yomb Yves, Fugon Lionel, Nemande Steave, Gueboguo Charles, Larmarange Joseph, Trenado Emmanuel Eboko et Spire Bruno (2010) « Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Douala, Cameroon », Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86 (2), p. 136-140. DOI : 10.1136/sti.2009.036939.

Résumé : Objectives Research on men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa was neglected for a long time. The objective of this study was to understand factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with male partners among a group of MSM living in the city of Douala, Cameroon. Methods In 2008, a survey on the sexual activity and practices of MSM was set up in Douala in collaboration with a local community-based organisation. Data were collected among a convenience sample of 168 MSM during face-to-face interviews with trained interviewers. Results A total of 142 individuals reported sexual activity during the previous 6 months, among whom 80 (57%) reported UAI with male partners. In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for the frequency of sexual intercourse, not having had access to prevention interventions and not knowing any HIV-infected person were both independently associated with a higher risk of UAI. Other factors associated with this higher risk included having had a stable male partnership at some point in one's life and not having been out of Douala for more than 4 weeks during the previous year. Conclusions This community-based research is the first study of MSM in Cameroon and the HIV transmission risks they face. Results show the importance of HIV prevention interventions from peers, and underline the need to maintain efforts to develop specific interventions targeting MSM more efficiently in the African context.

Kabbanji Lama (2010) « Compte rendu de : Christophe Jaffrelot et Christian Lequesne (dir.), 2009, L’enjeu mondial : les migrations, 2009, Paris, Presses de Sciences po/L’Express, 311 p. », Population, 65 (2), p. 381-383.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Kabbanji Lama, ss la dir. de (2010) « Gestion des migrations au 21ème siècle: enjeux et tendances récente. Bibliographie critique », Population, 65 (2), 379-403 p. DOI : 10.3917/popu.1002.0379.

Kleiche-Dray Mina et Garritz Ruiz A. (2010) « Hacia la construcción de una historia social de las instituciones de investigaciones en México », Boletín de la Sociedad de Química Mexicana, 4, p. 1-4.

Mots-clés : MEXIQUE, ⛔ No DOI found.

Ladier-Fouladi Marie (2010) « La réélection frauduleuse de Mahmoud Ahmadinejad en juin 2009 », Les Cahiers de l’Orient, 99, p. 73-82. DOI : 10.3917/lcdlo.099.0073.

Lallemant Camille, Halembokaka Gaston, Baty Gaelle, Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole, Barin Francis et Le Cœur Sophie (2010) « Impact of HIV/Aids on Child Mortality before the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Study in Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo », Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2010, p. 6. DOI : 20160811104115. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933897/pdf/JTM2010-897176.pdf.

Résumé : Few studies have documented the contribution of HIV/AIDS to mortality among children under 15 years. From June 30 to October 19, 2001, all child deaths (n = 588) registered to the morgue and/or hospitals of the city of Pointe-Noire, Congo, were investigated using a combined approach including an interview of relatives and postmortem clinical and biological HIV diagnosis. Twenty-one percent of children were HIV positive, while 10.5% of deaths were attributed to AIDS. The most common causes of death in HIV-infected children were pneumonia (30%), pyrexia (22%), diarrhoea (16%) and wasting syndrome (16%). Infant mortality rate was estimated 6.3 times higher in children born to HIV-infected mothers compared to HIV-uninfected mothers. This study provides a direct measure of HIV/AIDS as impact on child mortality using a rapid and reliable method. A significant number of deaths could be prevented if HIV infection was diagnosed earlier and infants were provided with antiretroviral treatments.

Lallemant Marc, Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole, Jourdain Gonzague, Traisathit Patrinee, Cressey Tim R., Collins Intira, Jarupanich Tapnarong, Sukhumanant Thammanoon, Achalapong Jullapong, Sabsanong Prapan, Chotivanich Nantasak, Winiyakul Narong, Ariyadej Surabon, Kanjanasing Annop, Ratanakosol Janyaporn, Hemvuttiphan Jittapol, Kengsakul Karun, Wannapira Wiroj, Sittipiyasakul Veerachai, Pornkitprasarn Witaya, Liampongsabuddhi Prateung, McIntosh Kenneth, Van Dyke Russell B., Frenkel Lisa M., Koetsawang Suporn, Le Cœur Sophie et Kanshana Siriporn (2010) « Efficacy and safety of 1-month postpartum zidovudine-didanosine to prevent HIV-resistance mutations after intrapartum single-dose nevirapine », Clin Infect Dis, 50, p. 898-908. DOI : 10.1086/650745.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Intrapartum single-dose nevirapine plus third trimester maternal and infant zidovudine are essential components of programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-limited settings. The persistence of nevirapine in the plasma for 3 weeks postpartum risks selection of resistance mutations to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). We hypothesized that a 1-month zidovudine-didanosine course initiated at the same time as single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) would prevent the selection of nevirapine-resistance mutations. METHODS: HIV-infected pregnant women in the PHPT-4 cohort with CD4 cell counts >250 cells/mm3 received antepartum zidovudine from the third trimester until delivery, sdNVP during labor, and a 1-month zidovudine-didanosine course after delivery. These women were matched on the basis of baseline HIV load, CD4 cell count, and duration of antepartum zidovudine to women who received sdNVP in the PHPT-2 trial (control subjects). Consensus sequencing and the more sensitive oligonucleotide ligation assay were performed on samples obtained on postpartum days 7-10, 37-45, and 120 (if the HIV load was >500 copies/mL) to detect K103N/Y181C/G190A mutations. RESULTS: The 222 PHPT-4 subjects did not differ from matched control subjects in baseline characteristics except for age. The combined group median CD4 cell count was 421 cells/mm3 (interquartile range [IQR], 322-549 cells/mm3), the median HIV load was 3.45 log10 copies/mL (IQR, 2.79-4.00 log10 copies/mL), and the median duration of zidovudine prophylaxis was 10.4 weeks (IQR, 9.1-11.4 weeks). Using consensus sequencing, major NNRTI resistance mutations were detected after delivery in 0% of PHPT-4 subjects and 10.4% of PHPT-2 controls. The oligonucleotide ligation assay detected resistance in 1.8% of PHPT-4 subjects and 18.9% of controls. Major NNRTI resistance mutations were detected by either method in 1.8% of PHPT-4 subjects and 20.7% of controls (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A 1-month postpartum course of zidovudine plus didanosine prevented the selection of the vast majority of NNRTI resistance mutations.

Mots-clés : Adult Anti-HIV Agents, adverse effects, Didanosine/adverse effects/therapeutic use, DNA Viral Load, drug effects/isolation & purification, Drug Resistance, drug therapy, Humans Ligase Chain Reaction Mutation, Lymphocyte Count, Missense Nevirapine/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Postpartum Period Pregnancy RNA, therapeutic use CD4, Viral Female HIV Infections, Viral/genetics Sequence Analysis, virology HIV-1, Young Adult, Zidovudine/adverse effects/therapeutic use.

Larmarange Joseph, Wade Abdoulaye S., Diop Abdou K., Diop Oulimata, Gueye Khady, Marra Adama, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et ELIHoS Group (2010) « Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) and Factors Associated with Not Using a Condom at Last Sexual Intercourse with a Man and with a Woman in Senegal », PLoS ONE, 5 (10), p. 1-7 (e13189). DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0013189.

Résumé : BackgroundMen who have sex with other men (MSM) are a vulnerable population in Africa that has been insufficiently explored. Given the high rate of bisexuality among MSM (73% in the past year), it is important to understand their risk-taking behaviors regarding both men and women.Methodology/Principal FindingsA socio-behavioral survey was carried out in 2007 among 501 MSM recruited using the snowball sampling method. We explore in this article why a condom was not used during last sexual intercourse with a man and with a woman, taking into account the respondent's characteristics, type of relationship and the context of the sexual act. In the survey, 489 men reported that they had had sexual intercourse at least once with another man during the previous year, and 358 with a man and with a woman. The main risk factors for not using a condom at last sexual intercourse with another man were having sex in a public place (aOR = 6.26 [95%CI: 2.71–14.46]), non-participation in an MSM prevention program (aOR = 3.47 [95%CI: 2.12–5.69]), a 19 years old or younger partner (aOR = 2.6 [95%CI: 1.23–4.53]), being 24 years or younger (aOR = 2.07 [95%CI: 1.20–3.58]) or being 35 years or over (aOR = 3.08 [95%CI:1.11–8.53]) and being unemployed (aOR = 0.36 [95%CI: 0.10–1.25]). The last sexual intercourse with the respondent's wife was hardly ever protected (2%). With women, the other factors were a 15 years or younger partner (aOR = 6.45 [95%CI: 2.56–16.28]), being educated (primary: aOR = 0.45 [95%CI: 0.21–0.95], secondary or higher: aOR = 0.26 [95%CI: 0.11–0.62]), being a student (aOR = 2.20 [95%CI: 1.07–4.54]) or unemployed (aOR = 3.72 [95%CI: 1.31–10.61]) and having participated in a MSM prevention program (aOR = 0.57 [95%CI: 0.34–0.93]).ConclusionHaving participated in a prevention program specifically targeting MSM constitutes a major prevention factor. However, these programs targeting MSM must address their heterosexual practices and the specific risks involved.

Larzillière Pénélope (2010) « Research in Context: Scientific Production and Researchers’ Experience in Jordan », Science, Technology & Society, 15 (2), p. 309-338. DOI : 10.1177/097172181001500206. http://hal.ird.fr/docs/00/65/42/74/PDF/research_in_context_version_auteur.pdf.

Larzillière Pénélope (2010) « Compte-rendu de lecture « Sadik Jalal Al-Azm, Ces interdits qui nous hantent : Islam, censure, orientalisme, Marseille, Parenthèses/ MMSH/ IFPO, 2008, 186 p. » », Annales, 2010 (4), p. 1042-1043. DOI : 10.1017/S0395264900036891.

Larzillière Pénélope (2010) « Organisations professionnelles et mobilisation politique en contexte coercitif : le cas de la Jordanie », Critique Internationale, 48, p. 183-204. DOI : 10.3917/crii.048.0183. http://hal.ird.fr/docs/00/60/42/47/PDF/organisations_professionnelles_en_contexte_coercitif.pdf.

Larzillière Pénélope et Galy Michel (2010) « Humanitaire, au risque du refus », Humanitaire, 24, p. 34-39.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Larzillière Pénélope et Galy Michel (2010) « Au risque du refus ? », Humanitaire, 24, p. 34-39. (Faut-il « désoccidentaliser » l’humanitaire ?). http://humanitaire.revues.org/index701.html.

Résumé : Les ONG sont confrontées de façon croissante à des réticences, des réactions de refus voire d’hostilité sur leurs terrains d’opération. Leur personnel peut être pris comme cible, l’utilité de leurs programmes remise en cause, les objectifs exacts de leur intervention questionnés. Contestant leur volonté de neutralité, les détracteurs des ONGsoulignent les liens avec les États anciennement colonisateurs ou les considèrent comme le poste avancé d’un impérialisme occidental.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Lecestre-Rollier Béatrice (2010) « Note de lecture : Ce que le genre fait aux personnes, sous la direction d’Irène Théry et de Pascale Bonnemère », Recherches familiales, 7, p. 159-161.

Résumé : note de lecture

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Lelièvre Eva et Le Cœur Sophie (2010) « Vieillir avec le VIH : les relations intergénérationnelles en Thaïlande dans un contexte d’accès généralisé aux traitements », Autrepart, 53, p. 149-168.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Lelièvre Eva et Le Cœur Sophie (2010) « Relations intergénérationnelles dans un contexte d’accès généralisé au traitement du sida en Thaïlande: parents âgés, enfants adultes », Autrepart, 53, p. 149-168. http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=AUTR_053_0147.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Lelièvre Eva et Robette Nicolas (2010) « Les trajectoires spatiales d’activité des couples », Temporalités, 11. DOI : 10.4000/temporalites.1182. http://temporalites.revues.org/index1166.html.

Lelièvre Eva et Robette Nicolas (2010) « A Life Space Perspective to Approach Individual Demographic Processes », Canadian Studies in Population, 37 (1-2), p. 207-244. DOI : 10.25336/P69918. http://www.canpopsoc.org/journal/2010/CSPv37n1-2p207.pdf.

Malick Kanté Almamy et Pison Gilles (2010) « La mortalité maternelle en milieu rural sénégalais : l'expérience du nouvel hôpital de Ninéfescha », Population-F, 65 (4), p. 753-780. DOI : 10.3917/popu.1004.0753.

Résumé : En Afrique, plus qu’ailleurs, l’offre de soins reste insuffisante. La construction de nouvelles infrastructures sanitaires suffit-elle à faire progresser la santé de la population ? La question se pose lorsque de nouvelles installations sanitaires sont construites sans être suivies d’une amélioration rapide des indicateurs de santé. Comment alors expliquer la lenteur des changements ? Provient-elle de l’inadéquation entre l’offre et les besoins ? De « freins culturels » empêchant de nouveaux comportements de se diffuser ? Cet article examine les facteurs en cause dans le cas de l’implantation d’un hôpital moderne en 2003 au cœur d’une région rurale du Sénégal, jusqu’alors mal équipée. L’observation démographique suivie de la population pendant plusieurs décennies montre que la mortalité maternelle n’a pas baissé de façon sensible juste après l’ouverture de l’hôpital. Pour mieux comprendre les raisons de cet échec, plusieurs enquêtes ont été menées sur les comportements de recours aux soins et l’utilisation que les habitants faisaient de cet équipement, notamment en cas d’accouchement. Les villageois ont, dans l’ensemble, peu recours à l’hôpital quatre ans après son ouverture. La plupart des femmes ne s’y rendent pas en visite prénatale et ne vont pas y accoucher. Les responsables de l’hôpital attribuent cet échec aux villageois, et notamment à leurs traditions. Ces enquêtes montrent que le problème vient plutôt d’une inadéquation entre l’offre de soins de l’hôpital et les besoins

Mots-clés : consultation prénatale, mortalité maternelle, observatoire de population, offre sanitaire, sénégal.

Micheletti Pierre et Larzillière Pénélope, ss la dir. de (2010) « Dossier : Faut-il désoccidentaliser l’humanitaire ? », Humanitaire, 24 (mars), 10-27 p. http://humanitaire.revues.org/index688.html.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Mick Carola (2010) « Discursos de 'oprimidas': análisis de los discursos de empleadas domésticas peruanas en Lima », Papeles de Población, 16 (63), p. 187-218. http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/ArtPdfRed.jsp?iCve=11213201007.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Ndiaye Mandiogou et Robin Nelly (2010) « Les migrations internationales en Afrique de l'Ouest. Une dynamique de régionalisation renouvelée », Hommes et Migrations, 1286-1287 (juillet), p. 48-60. DOI : 10.4000/hommesmigrations.1724.

Résumé : L’Afrique de l’Ouest constitue un champmigratoiremondialisé, c’est-à-dire non seulement connecté aumonde par lesmigrations internationales,mais pratiqué aussi par des réseaux qui parcourent le monde entier. Si cette densité des circulations prend sa source historique à l’échelle régionale, les espaces de lamigration sont, aujourd’hui, en pleine recomposition. Soumis aux aléas des conflits, aux exigences économiques omniprésentes et aux difficultés qui touchent l’émigration hors du continent africain, lesmigrants ajustent sans cesse leurs trajectoires et définissent de nouveaux itinéraires.

Mots-clés : AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, migrations, regionalisation.

Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole, Jourdain Gonzague, Sirirungsi Wasna, Decker Luc, Khamduang Woottichai, Le Cœur Sophie, Sirinontakan Surat, Somsamai Rosalin, Pagdi Karin, Hemvuttiphan Jittapol, McIntosh Kenneth, Barin Francis et Lallemant Marc (2010) « Human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus co-infection in pregnant women and perinatal transmission to infants in Thailand », Int J Infect Dis, 14, p. e602-7. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.09.002.

Résumé : OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected Thai pregnant women and the rate of HCV transmission to their infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Study subjects included 1435 HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants, enrolled in a perinatal HIV prevention trial, and a control group of 448 HIV-uninfected pregnant women. Women were screened for HCV antibodies with an enzyme immunoassay. Positive results were confirmed by recombinant immunoblot and HCV RNA quantification. Infants were tested for HCV antibodies at 18 months or for HCV RNA at between 6 weeks and 6 months. RESULTS: Of the HIV-infected women, 2.9% were HCV-infected compared to 0.5% of HIV-uninfected women (p=0.001). Only history of intravenous drug use was associated with HCV infection in HIV-infected women. Ten percent of infants born to co-infected mothers acquired HCV. The risk of transmission was associated with a high maternal HCV RNA (p=0.012), but not with HIV-1 load or CD4 count. CONCLUSIONS: Acquisition of HCV through intravenous drug use partially explains the higher rate of HCV infection in HIV-infected Thai women than in HIV-uninfected controls. Perinatal transmission occurred in 10% of infants of HIV-HCV-co-infected mothers and was associated with high maternal HCV RNA.

Mots-clés : Adult, Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, complications/prevention & control/transmission/virology, epidemiology Viral Load, Female HIV Infections, Hepacivirus/genetics/isolation & purification, Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood, Hepatitis C/ complications/ transmission/virology, HIV-1/genetics/isolation & purification, Humans Infant, Newborn Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology, Risk Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ complications/epidemiology, Thailand, virology Prevalence RNA, Viral/blood Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/administration & dosage, Young Adult, Zidovudine/administration & dosage.

Oppenchaim Nicolas, Pourette Dolorès, Le Méner Erwan et Laporte Anne (2010) « Sexualité et relations affectives des personnes sans domicile fixe : entre contraintes sociales et parcours biographiques », Sociologie, 1 (3), p. 375-391. DOI : 10.3917/socio.003.0375.

Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Tchendjou Patrice, Miric Marija, Gadgil Mukta, Butsashvili Maia, Eboko Fred, Perez-Then Eddy, Darak Shrinivas, Kulkarni Sanjeevani, Kamkamidze Georges, Balestre Eric, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et Dabis François (2010) « Couple-oriented prenatal HIV counseling for HIV primary prevention : an acceptability study », Bmc Public Health, 10, p. 197. DOI : 10.1186/1471-2458-10-197. http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00521960/en/.

Résumé : Background: A large proportion of the 2.5 million new adult HIV infections that occurred worldwide in 2007 were in stable couples. Feasible and acceptable strategies to improve HIV prevention in a conjugal context are scarce. In the preparatory phase of the ANRS 12127 Prenahtest multi-site HIV prevention trial, we assessed the acceptability of couple-oriented post-test HIV counseling (COC) and men's involvement within prenatal care services, among pregnant women, male partners and health care workers in Cameroon, Dominican Republic, Georgia and India. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used: direct observations of health services; in-depth interviews with women, men and health care workers; monitoring of the COC intervention and exit interviews with COC participants. Results: In-depth interviews conducted with 92 key informants across the four sites indicated that men rarely participated in antenatal care (ANC) services, mainly because these are traditionally and programmatically a woman's domain. However men's involvement was reported to be acceptable and needed in order to improve ANC and HIV prevention services. COC was considered by the respondents to be a feasible and acceptable strategy to actively encourage men to participate in prenatal HIV counseling and testing and overall in reproductive health services. Conclusions: One of the keys to men's involvement within prenatal HIV counseling and testing is the better understanding of couple relationships, attitudes and communication patterns between men and women, in terms of HIV and sexual and reproductive health; this conjugal context should be taken into account in the provision of quality prenatal HIV counseling, which aims at integrated PMTCT and primary prevention of HIV.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2010) « Notation des ONG et évaluation des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement : quelques pistes de réflexions », Statéco, 105, p. 49-60. http://www.dial.prd.fr/dial_publications/PDF/stateco/stateco105/perousedemontclos.pdf.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2010) « Migration forcée et urbanisation de crise : l’Afrique subsaharienne dans une perspective historique », Autrepart, 55, p. 3-18. DOI : 10.3917/autr.055.0003.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2010) « Réfugié ou déplacé ? Les enjeux d’une requalification : l’exemple de la Géorgie après la guerre de 2008 », Revue européenne de migrations internationales, 26 (3), p. 199-213. DOI : 10.4000/remi.5240.

Pourette Dolorès (2010) « Violences envers les femmes, inégalités et situations post-coloniales », Sciences sociales et santé, 28 (4), p. 33-39. DOI : 10.3917/sss.284.0033.

Pourette Dolorès (2010) « Maternité et sexualité des femmes africaines vivant avec le VIH/sida en France : préjugés et expérience », L’Autre : cliniques, cultures et sociétés, 11 (3), p. 301-311.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Schreier M., Joxe Ludovic, Eyring V., Bovensmann H. et Burrows J.P. (2010) « Ship track characteristics derived from geostationary satellite observations on the west coast of southern Africa », Atmospheric Research, 95 (1), p. 32-39. DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.08.005. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169809509002373.

Vallée Julie, Thaojaikong Thaksinaporn, Moore Catrin E., Phetsouvanh Rattanaphone, Richards Allen L., Souris Marc, Fournet Florence, Salem Gérard, Gonzalez Jean-Paul et Newton Paul N. (2010) « Contrasting spatial distribution and risk factors for past infection with scrub typhus and murine typhus in Vientiane City, Lao PDR », Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 4 (12), p. e909. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000909.

Résumé : Background: The aetiological diagnostic of fevers in Laos remains difficult due to limited laboratory diagnostic facilities. However, it has recently become apparent that both scrub and murine typhus are common causes of previous undiagnosed fever. Epidemiological data suggests that scrub typhus would be more common in rural areas and murine typhus in urban areas, but there is very little recent information on factors involved in scrub and murine typhus transmission, especially where they are sympatric – as is the case in Vientiane, the capital of the Lao PDR. Methodology and Principal Findings: We therefore determined the frequency of IgG seropositivity against scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi) and murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi), as indices of prior exposure to these pathogens, in randomly selected adults in urban and peri-urban Vientiane City (n = 2,002, >= 35 years). Anti-scrub and murine typhus IgG were detected by ELISA assays using filter paper elutes. We validated the accuracy of ELISA of these elutes against ELISA using serum samples. The overall prevalence of scrub and murine typhus IgG antibodies was 20.3% and 20.6%, respectively. Scrub typhus seropositivity was significantly higher among adults living in the periphery (28.4%) than in the central zone (13.1%) of Vientiane. In contrast, seroprevalence of murine typhus IgG antibodies was significantly higher in the central zone (30.8%) as compared to the periphery (14.4%). In multivariate analysis, adults with a longer residence in Vientiane were at significant greater risk of past infection with murine typhus and at lower risk for scrub typhus. Those with no education, living on low incomes, living on plots of land with poor sanitary conditions, living in large households, and farmers were at higher risk of scrub typhus and those living in neighborhoods with high building density and close to markets were at greater risk for murine typhus and at lower risk of scrub typhus past infection. Conclusions: This study underscores the intense circulation of both scrub and murine typhus in Vientiane city and underlines difference in spatial distribution and risk factors involved in the transmission of these diseases.

Véron Jacques (2010) « La famille va-t-elle disparaître ? », L’Atlas des mondialisations, p. 102-104.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Véron Jacques (2010) « Le déclin annoncé de la population japonaise », Problèmes économiques, 2986, p. 24-28.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Wade Abdoulaye S., Larmarange Joseph, Diop Abdou K., Diop Oulimata, Gueye Khady, Marra Adama, Sene Amsata, Enel Catherine, Niang Diallo Pape, Toure Kane Ndeye Coumba, Mboup Souleymane et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2010) « Reduction in risk-taking behaviors among MSM in Senegal between 2004 and 2007 and prevalence of HIV and other STIs. ELIHoS Project, ANRS 12139 », AIDS Care, 22 (4), p. 409-414. DOI : 10.1080/09540120903253973.

Résumé : An epidemiological survey conducted in Senegal in 2004 among men having sex with men (MSM) revealed high HIV prevalence and a high rate of risky behaviors within this population. Consequently, several prevention campaigns targeting MSM were implemented. A second survey was carried out in 2007 to assess the impact of these measures. This paper aims to examine trends in HIV and STI prevalence and in sexual behaviors between 2004 and 2007. The two surveys were conducted in four urban sites among 440 and 501 MSM – recruited using the snowball sampling method – in 2004 and 2007, respectively. A similar methodology was applied for both surveys. This consisted of a closed-ended questionnaire concerning socio-demographic, behavioral, and biomedical information plus a clinical examination including urine and blood tests to detect STIs and HIV infection. Between 2004 and 2007, the frequency of different sexual practices reported by MSM remained stable, but condom use for each type of sexual practice rose. The percentage of men who reported consistent condom use during previous-month anal sex has increased by about 35% (p<0.01). The percentage of men who reported consistent condom use during previous-month non-commercial sex with women has increased by 14% (p<0.01). HIV prevalence remained stable from 22.4% [95% CI: 18.6-26.8] in 2004 to 21.8% [95% CI: 18.3-25.7] in 2007 (adjusted OR = 1.05, p=0.8). Gonorrhea prevalence decreased from 5.5% [95% CI: 3.6-8.3] in 2004 to 2.6% [95% CI: 1.5-4.5] in 2007 (adjusted OR = 0.5, p=0.07). The prevention campaigns, STI and HIV care and support programs conducted in Senegal among MSM have been followed by a reduction of risk-taking behaviors and STI prevalence among this population. Specific targeting of this group within HIV/STI prevention programs seems to be effective in decreasing sexual infections.

Zhao Wei et Arvanitis Rigas (2010) « The Innovation and Learning Capabilities of Chinese Firms. Technological Development in the Automobile and Electronics Industries », Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, 42, p. 6-27. DOI : 10.2753/CSA0009-4625420301.

Mots-clés : CHINE, CLUSTERS, ECONOMIE, EFFICIENCE, GUANGDONG, INDUSTRIALISATION, INNOVATION, INVESTISSEMENT, PME, POLITIQUE ECONOMIQUE, POLITIQUE INDUSTRIELLE, TECHNOLOGIE, TT.

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