Références bibliographiques

Dandoy Arnaud et Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2013) « Humanitarian workers in peril? Deconstructing the myth of the new and growing threat to humanitarian workers », Global Crime, 14 (4), p. 341-358. DOI : 10.1080/17440572.2013.831345. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17440572.2013.831345.

Debeaudrap Pierre, Boulle C., Lewden C., Gabillard Delphine, Nacro B., Diagbouga S., Fassinou P., Hien Hervé, Laurent C. et Msellati Philippe (2013) « Morbidity after antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV-1-infected children in West Africa: temporal trends and relation to CD4 count », Pediatr Infect Dis J, 32 (4) (avril), p. 354-60. DOI : 10.1097/INF.0b013e318278b222.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Although 90% of HIV-1-infected children live in sub-Saharan Africa, morbidity data after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation in these settings are limited. The objective of this study was to document the incidence of AIDS-defining events and non-AIDS-defining diseases in African children receiving HAART. METHODS: Incidences rates (IRs) of AIDS-defining events and 10 other common diseases were estimated overall and by current CD4-strata (<15%, 15 - <25% and >/=25%) from 2 prospective cohorts of African children. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-eight children contributing to 355 children-years were included. The documented morbidity IRs per 100 children-years were upper respiratory infections, 100 (87-114); infectious diarrhea, 37 (31-44); World Health Organization (WHO) stage 2 events, 22.9 (18.2-28.1); and WHO stage 3/4 events, 12.3 (9.1-16.7). IRs of WHO stage 2 events, severe bacterial infections, infectious diarrhea and pneumonia decreased linearly across all CD4%-strata, whereas WHO stage 3/4 events and viral infections occurred mostly when CD4% <15%. Overall, IRs decreased during the first 2 years on HAART except for upper respiratory infection, mycosis and oral candidiasis. CONCLUSION: This incidence of AIDS- and non-AIDS-defining diseases declined substantially after HAART in 2 African cohorts, although estimates remained high compared with high-resource settings. Without renewed efforts to increase antiretroviral scale-up, children in developing countries will continue to have a high burden of infections.

Mots-clés : *Viral Load, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/*drug therapy/immunology, Adolescent, Africa/epidemiology, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology, Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, HIV-1/*isolation & purification, Humans, INCIDENCE, Infant, Male.

Note

1532-0987 De Beaudrap, Pierre Boulle, Charlotte Lewden, Charlotte Gabillard, Delphine Nacro, Boubacar Diagbouga, Serge Fassinou, Patricia Hien, Herve Laurent, Christian Msellati, Philippe ANRS 12222 Morbidity/Mortality Study Group Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013 Apr;32(4):354-60. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318278b222.

Debeaudrap Pierre, Thiam M., Diouf A., Toure-Kane C., Ngom-Gueye N. F., Vidal N., Mboup S., Ndoye I., Sow P. S. et Delaporte Eric (2013) « Risk of virological failure and drug resistance during first and second-line antiretroviral therapy in a 10-year cohort in Senegal: results from the ANRS 1215 cohort », J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 62 (4) (avril 1), p. 381-7. DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827a2a7a.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: In 1998, Senegal launched one of Africa's first antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. Since then, the number of treated patients in Africa has substantially increased thanks to simplification in treatment management. Although good outcomes over the first years of ART have been observed in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the long-term (>5 years) risks of virological failure and drug resistance and about second-line treatment response. METHODS: Patients from the ANRS-1215 cohort in Senegal, started with either one nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or indinavir, a first-generation nonboosted protease inhibitor, followed for >6 months and having >1 viral load (VL) measurement were included. Virological failure was defined as 2 consecutive VL measurements >1000 copies/mL. RESULTS: Of the 366 patients included, 89% achieved a VL <500 copies/mL. The risk of virological failure at 12, 24, and 60 months was 5%, 16%, and 25%, being higher in younger patients (P = 0.05), those receiving a protease inhibitor-containing regimen (P = 0.05), and those with lower adherence (P = 0.03). The risk of resistance to any drug at 12, 24, and 60 months was 3%, 11%, and 18%. After virological failure, 60% of the patients were switched to second-line treatments. Although 81% of the patients achieved virological success, the risk of virological failure was 27% at 24 months, mostly in patients with multiple resistances. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, virological outcomes for first-line treatments were good compared with those from high-resource settings. However, the rate of virological failure for second-line treatment was high, probably because of accumulation of resistances.

Mots-clés : *Drug Resistance, Viral, *Viral Load, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use, Cohort Studies, Female, HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology, Humans, Male, SENEGAL.

Note

1944-7884 De Beaudrap, Pierre Thiam, Moussa Diouf, Assane Toure-Kane, Coumba Ngom-Gueye, Ndeye F Vidal, Nicole Mboup, Souleymane Ndoye, Ibrahim Sow, Papa S Delaporte, Eric ANRS 1215 Study Group Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Apr 1;62(4):381-7. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827a2a7a.

Debeaudrap Pierre, Turyakira Eleanor, White L. J., Nabasumba Carolyn, Tumwebaze Benon, Muehlenbachs A., Guerin P. J., Boum Y., McGready Rose et Piola Patrice (2013) « Impact of malaria during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in a Ugandan prospective cohort with intensive malaria screening and prompt treatment », Malar J, 12 (avril 24), p. 139.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a major public health problem in endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa and has important consequences on birth outcome. Because MiP is a complex phenomenon and malaria epidemiology is rapidly changing, additional evidence is still required to understand how best to control malaria. This study followed a prospective cohort of pregnant women who had access to intensive malaria screening and prompt treatment to identify factors associated with increased risk of MiP and to analyse how various characteristics of MiP affect delivery outcomes. METHODS: Between October 2006 and May 2009, 1,218 pregnant women were enrolled in a prospective cohort. After an initial assessment, they were screened weekly for malaria. At delivery, blood smears were obtained from the mother, placenta, cord and newborn. Multivariate analyses were performed to analyse the association between mothers' characteristics and malaria risk, as well as between MiP and birth outcome, length and weight at birth. This study is a secondary analysis of a trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00495508. RESULTS: Overall, 288/1,069 (27%) mothers had 345 peripheral malaria infections. The risk of peripheral malaria was higher in mothers who were younger, infected with HIV, had less education, lived in rural areas or reported no bed net use, whereas the risk of placental infection was associated with more frequent malaria infections and with infection during late pregnancy. The risk of pre-term delivery and of miscarriage was increased in mothers infected with HIV, living in rural areas and with MiP occurring within two weeks of delivery.In adjusted analysis, birth weight but not length was reduced in babies of mothers exposed to MiP (-60 g, 95%CI: -120 to 0 for at least one infection and -150 g, 95%CI: -280 to -20 for >1 infections). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the timing, parasitaemia level and number of peripherally-detected malaria infections, but not the presence of fever, were associated with adverse birth outcomes. Hence, prompt malaria detection and treatment should be offered to pregnant women regardless of symptoms or other preventive measures used during pregnancy, and with increased focus on mothers living in remote areas.

Mots-clés : *Pregnancy Outcome, Adult, Blood/parasitology, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Malaria/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/parasitology, Male, Parasite Load, pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology, Premature Birth/*epidemiology, Prospective Studies, RISK FACTORS, Uganda/epidemiology, Young Adult, ⛔ No DOI found.

Note

1475-2875 De Beaudrap, Pierre Turyakira, Eleanor White, Lisa J Nabasumba, Carolyn Tumwebaze, Benon Muehlenbachs, Atis Guerin, Philippe J Boum, Yap McGready, Rose Piola, Patrice 089275/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England Malar J. 2013 Apr 24;12:139. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-139.

Desgrées du Loû Annabel et Spire Bruno (2013) « Des études essentielles pour adapter la prévention et la prise en charge des populations clés (éditorial). », Bulletin Epidémiologique Hebdomadaire, 39-40 (novembre 26), p. 494-495. http://www.invs.sante.fr/beh/2013/39-40/2013_39-40_0.html.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Dia Hamidou (2013) « Le migrazioni internazionali senegalesi sfide scientifiche e prospettive politiche », Afriche e Orienti, 7, p. 67-81. http://www.aiepeditore.net/default.asp?cmd=getProd&cmdID=1543&idC=8&idA=8.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Dia Hamidou (2013) « From Field to Concept: the Example of Senegalese Multisited Villages », Journal of Intercultural Studies, 34 (5), p. 569-583. DOI : 10.1080/07256868.2013.827829.

Dumont Alexandre et Bouvier-Colle M. H. (2013) « Care assessment's difficult relation with maternal mortality », Lancet, 381 (9879), p. 1695-1696. DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60983-6.

Dumont Alexandre, Fournier Pierre, Abrahamowicz Michal, Traoré Mamadou, Haddad Slim et Fraser William D. (2013) « Quality of care, risk management, and technology in obstetrics to reduce hospital-based maternal mortality in Senegal and Mali (QUARITE) : a cluster-randomised trial », The Lancet, 382 (9887), p. 146-157. DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60593-0.

Mots-clés : ACCES AUX SOINS, ANALYSE DE REGRESSION, ETUDE COMPARATIVE, femme, GROSSESSE, HOPITAL, INFRASTRUCTURE SANITAIRE, MORTALITE, MORTALITE MATERNELLE, NAISSANCE, OBSTETRIQUE, PERSONNEL DE SANTE, POLITIQUE DE SANTE, PROTECTION MATERNELLE ET INFANTILE, QUALITE, QUALITE DES SOINS, SANTE DE LA REPRODUCTION, SERVICE DE MATERNITE, SYSTEME DE SANTE, URGENCE.

Eboko Fred et Awondo Patrick (2013) « Homo-mobilités, du Cameroun vers la France », Africultures, 6 (96), p. 188-203. DOI : 10.3917/afcul.096.0188.

Équipe ECAF (2013) « Sexuality, Contraception, Unplanned Pregnancies and Abortion in West Africa and Morocco: The ECAF Survey », Population (English Edition), 68 (1), p. 7-14. DOI : 10.3917/pope.1301.0007. http://www.cairn.info/revue-population-english-2013-1-page-7.htm.

Équipe ECAF (2013) « Sexualité, contraception, grossesses non prévues et recours à l'avortement en Afrique de l'Ouest et au Maroc : l'enquête ECAF », Population, 68 (1), p. 7-15. DOI : 10.3917/popu.1301.0007. http://www.cairn.info/revue-population-2013-1-page-7.htm.

Faye Adama, Fournier Pierre, Diop Idrissa, Philibert Aline, Morestin Florence et Dumont Alexandre (2013) « Developing a tool to measure satisfaction among health professionals in sub-Saharan Africa », Human Resources for Health, 11. DOI : 10.1186/1478-4491-11-30.

Résumé : Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, lack of motivation and job dissatisfaction have been cited as causes of poor healthcare quality and outcomes. Measurement of health workers' satisfaction adapted to sub-Saharan African working conditions and cultures is a challenge. The objective of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure satisfaction among health professionals in the sub-Saharan African context. Methods: A survey was conducted in Senegal and Mali in 2011 among 962 care providers (doctors, midwives, nurses and technicians) practicing in 46 hospitals (capital, regional and district). The participation rate was very high: 97% (937/962). After exploratory factor analysis (EFA), construct validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The discriminant validity of our subscales was evaluated by comparing the average variance extracted (AVE) for each of the constructs with the squared interconstruct correlation (SIC), and finally for criterion validity, each subscale was tested with two hypotheses. Two dimensions of reliability were assessed: internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha subscales and stability over time using a test-retest process. Results: Eight dimensions of satisfaction encompassing 24 items were identified and validated using a process that combined psychometric analyses and expert opinions: continuing education, salary and benefits, management style, tasks, work environment, workload, moral satisfaction and job stability. All eight dimensions demonstrated significant discriminant validity. The final model showed good performance, with a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.0508 (90% CI: 0.0448 to 0.0569) and a comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.9415. The concurrent criterion validity of the eight dimensions was good. Reliability was assessed based on internal consistency, which was good for all dimensions but one (moral satisfaction < 0.70). Test-retest showed satisfactory temporal stability (intra class coefficient range: 0.60 to 0.91). Conclusions: Job satisfaction is a complex construct; this study provides a multidimensional instrument whose content, construct and criterion validities were verified to ensure its suitability for the sub-Saharan African context. When using these subscales in further studies, the variability of the reliability of the subscales should be taken in to account for calculating the sample sizes. The instrument will be useful in evaluative studies which will help guide interventions aimed at improving both the quality of care and its effectiveness.

Mots-clés : Health workers, Job satisfaction, Measurement, sub-Saharan Africa.

Gérard Etienne (2013) « Dynamiques de formation internationale et production d’élites académiques au Mexique », Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 7 (1), p. 317-344. DOI : 10.3917/rac.018.0317.

Mots-clés : aires scientifiques disciplinaires, élites scientifiques, hiérarchies, MEXIQUE, pôles de mobilité et de formation, pôles de savoirs, Système national de recherche (SNI).

Gérard Etienne et Cornu Jean-François (2013) « Dynamiques de mobilité étudiante Sud-Nord : une approche par les pôles internationaux de formation de l’“élite” scientifique mexicaine », Cahiers québecois de démographie, 42 (2), p. 241-272. DOI : 10.7202/1020609ar.

Résumé : Cet article aborde la question des dynamiques de mobilité étudiante Sud-Nord en s’appuyant sur les trajectoires de formation de l’élite scientifique mexicaine du Système national des chercheurs (SNI), des années 1970 à 2000. Il explore les pôles étrangers de formation vers lesquels se sont dirigés les actuels chercheurs de ce système, les variations disciplinaires et temporelles de ces pôles, ainsi que les transformations caractéristiques de leur hiérarchie dans l’espace international de la formation. Il montre ainsi que la circulation des étudiants est très largement conditionnée par le degré d’attraction et de spécialisation des différents pôles internationaux de formation. L’analyse se concentre enfin sur l’hypothèse que les dynamiques de mobilité étudiantes sont le produit conjoint de la division internationale du marché de la formation, de réseaux scientifiques et de « chaînes de savoirs » entre communautés scientifiques et institutions de formation mexicaines et étrangères et enfin d’un processus de légitimation, au Mexique et à l’étranger, des savoirs et pôles de formation.

Mots-clés : Mexique - Elites scientifiques - Trajectoires de formation - Circulation - Pôles de formation -Marché international de la formation.

Gonzague Jourdain, Le Cœur Sophie, Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole, Traisaithit Patrinee, Cressey Tim R., Fregonese Federica, Leurent Baptiste, Collins Intira, Jeannie Techapornroong Malee, Banchongkit Sukit, Buranabanjasatean Sudanee, Halue Guttiga et Nilmanat Ampaipith (2013) « Switching HIV Treatment in Adults Based on CD4 Count Versus Viral Load Monitoring: A randomized, Non-Inferiority Trial in Thailand », PLoS Medicine, 10 (8). DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001494.

Guidi Pierre (2013) « Wolaita Memories of Gärmame Neway Governorship (1958-1959) : Radical Reforms and Political Consciousness », Northeast African Studies, 13 (2) (octobre), p. 1-24. http://msupress.org/journals/issue/?id=50-21D-5D0.

Mots-clés : ❓ Multiple DOI.

Multiple DOIs found

Guidi Pierre et Vezzadini Elena (2013) « Contested Memories, Subalternity, and the State in Colonial and Postcolonial Histories of Northeast Africa », Northeast African Studies, 13 (2) (octobre), p. I-V. http://msupress.org/journals/issue/?id=50-21D-5D0.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Guilmoto Christophe Z. et Rajan S. Irudaya (2013) « Fertility at the District Level in India. Lessons from the 2011 Census », Economic and Political Weekly, 48 (23) (juin 8), p. 59-70. http://www.epw.in/special-articles/fertility-district-level-india.html.

Résumé : This paper describes the methodology for estimating recent fertility levels at the district level in India based on the 2011 Census figures. Due to the absence of reliable vital statistics for Indian districts, fertility levels are assessed using a set of indirect methods. Using mortality estimates and the child population aged 0-6 years to estimate the number of births during the seven years preceding the census, figures for crude birth rates and fertility rates are derived for all Indian districts. The results are compared with those derived from the 2001 Census. Our analysis points, in particular, to the significant population overcount in Jammu and Kashmir during the 2011 Census and the continuous but extremely slow process of fertility decline in India.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Hernandez-Garcia Yoscelina, Kleiche-Dray Mina et Russell Jane Margaret (2013) « Enfoques metodológicos para identificar y caracterizar la investigación mexicana en química en bases de datos bibliográficas », Investigación Bibliotecológica, 27, p. 35-66. DOI : 10.1016/S0187-358X(13)72530-9.

Huchon Cyrille, Dumont Alexandre, Traore Mamadou, Abrahamowicz Michal, Fauconnier Arnaud, Fraser William D. et Fournier Pierre (2013) « A prediction score for maternal mortality in Senegal and Mali », Obstetrics and Gynecology, 121 (5), p. 1049-1056. DOI : 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31828b33a4.

Résumé : OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a maternal mortality score to identify patients at risk of in-hospital death in developing countries. METHODS: We performed a prospective observational study in 46 referral hospitals in Senegal and Mali, starting October 1, 2007. Derivation of a maternal mortality score was performed, using generalized estimating equation, on patients included during the first 6 months of the study (301 deaths out of 43,624 deliveries) and validated on patients included during the next 6 months (345 deaths out of 46,328 deliveries). RESULTS: Nine criteria were independently associated with maternal death: severe anemia in pregnancy, malaria diagnosed during pregnancy, parity greater than 4, fewer than three antenatal visits, referral from another health facility, antepartum or postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia or eclampsia, uterine rupture, and genital infection or sepsis. The maternal mortality score, ranging from 0 to 100, occupies an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-0.91). The low-risk group for maternal mortality, based on a score less than 10, has a negative predictive value of 99.9% (95% CI 99.8-99.9) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.18, ruling out maternal mortality with a probability of 0.13% (95% CI 0.09-0.17). Sensitivity of the score to identify patients at risk of in-hospital death was 85.0% (95% CI 80.5-88.8). Validation of the score yielded a sensitivity of 87.8% (95% CI 83.9-91.1), a negative predictive value of 99.9% (95% CI 99.8-99.9), and a probability of maternal death of 0.12% (95% CI 0.08-0.17) in the low-risk group. CONCLUSION: The maternal mortality score could help health care professionals to identify patients at risk of maternal mortality who need careful management.

Iwuji Collins, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Tanser Frank, Boyer Sylvie, Lessells Richard J, Lert France, Imrie John, Bärnighausen Till, Rekacewicz Claire, Bazin Brigitte, Newell Marie-Louise, Dabis François et ANRS 12249 TasP study group (2013) « Evaluation of the impact of immediate versus WHO recommendations-guided antiretroviral therapy initiation on HIV incidence: the ANRS 12249 TasP (Treatment as Prevention) trial in Hlabisa sub-district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial », Trials, 14 (1) (juillet 23), p. 230. DOI : 10.1186/1745-6215-14-230. http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/14/1/230.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV viral load in all body compartments and so limits the risk of HIV transmission. It has been suggested that ART not only contributes to preventing transmission at individual but potentially also at population level. This trial aims to evaluate the effect of ART initiated immediately after identification/diagnosis of HIV-infected individuals, regardless of CD4 count, on HIV incidence in the surrounding population. The primary outcome of the overall trial will be HIV incidence over two years. Secondary outcomes will include i) socio-behavioural outcomes (acceptability of repeat HIV counselling and testing, treatment acceptance and linkage to care, sexual partnerships and quality of life); ii) clinical outcomes (mortality and morbidity, retention into care, adherence to ART, virologic failure and acquired HIV drug resistance), iii) cost-effectiveness of the intervention. The first phase will specifically focus on the trial's secondary outcomes. METHODS/DESIGN: A cluster-randomised trial in 34 (2 × 17) clusters within a rural area of northern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), covering a total population of 34,000 inhabitants aged 16 years and above, of whom an estimated 27,200 would be HIV-uninfected at start of the trial. The first phase of the trial will include ten (2 × 5) clusters. Consecutive rounds of home-based HIV testing will be carried out. HIV-infected participants will be followed in dedicated trial clinics: in intervention clusters, they will be offered immediate ART initiation regardless of CD4 count and clinical stage; in control clusters they will be offered ART according to national treatment eligibility guidelines (CD4 <350 cells/μL, World Health Organisation stage 3 or 4 disease or multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis). Following proof of acceptability and feasibility from the first phase, the trial will be rolled out to further clusters. DISCUSSION: We aim to provide proof-of-principle evidence regarding the effectiveness of Treatment-as-Prevention in reducing HIV incidence at the population level. Data collected from the participants at home and in the clinics will inform understanding of socio-behavioural, economic and clinical impacts of the intervention as well as feasibility and generalizability. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01509508; South African Trial Register: DOH-27-0512-3974.

Kabbanji Lama (2013) « Towards a Global Agenda on Migration and Development? Evidence from Senegal », Population, Space and Place, 19 (4), p. 415-429. DOI : 10.1002/psp.1782.

Résumé : The migration-development nexus has been of increasing importance in international relations between African and European countries since 2000. Linking migration to development has spurred political interest in the development potential of migrants as a substitute for official development assistance. This paper analyses the convergence in discourse and practices on migration and development in the context of migration policies formulated to manage migration between Africa and Europe. The discourse on migration and development is mobilised by different actors to justify their actions; it stems from different migration management concepts and frameworks advocated by the European Union, particularly in its Global Approach to Migration. The migration and development discourse is sustained by increased funding from the European Union and some member states to instil a particular view of the nexus between migration and development. The case of Senegal in this paper illustrates the application of the dominant discourse. The first section provides an analysis of the discourse mobilised by different actors at the European and African levels to justify the promotion of the migration-development nexus. The second section scrutinises the practices and roles of the actors involved in the design and implementation of recent programmes in Senegal.

Kabbanji Lama, Levatino Antonina et Ametepe Fofo (2013) « Migrations internationales étudiantes ghanéennes et sénégalaises : caractéristiques et déterminants », Cahiers québécois de démographie, 42 (2), p. 303-333. DOI : 10.7202/1020611ar. http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1020611ar.

Lange Marie-France (2013) « Ecole, relations internationales et mondialisation en Afrique », Spirale Revue de recherche en éducation, 51, p. 97-112. DOI : 10.3406/spira.2013.1075.

Larzillière Pénélope et Petric Boris, ss la dir. de (2013) « Dossier : Révolutions, contestations, indignations », Socio, 2 (décembre), 7-228 p. DOI : 10.4000/socio.347.

Mahut David (2013) « Joffre Dumazedier », Anamnèse, 0-3 (décembre), p. 39-46. (Petite anthologie des auteurs oubliés). http://www.afs-socio.fr/node/2828.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Mayhew Susannah, Osei Ivy, Bajos Nathalie et Équipe ECAF (2013) « Attitudes des professionnels de santé à l'égard de la contraception d'urgence au Ghana et au Burkina Faso », Population, 1, p. 123-152. DOI : 10.3917/popu.1301.0123.

Mayhew Susannah, Osei Ivy, Bajos Nathalie et The ECAF team (2013) « Provider Attitudes to Emergency Contraception in Ghana and Burkina Faso », Population (English Edition), 68 (1), p. 115-139. DOI : 10.3917/pope.1301.0115. http://www.cairn.info/revue-population-english-2013-1-page-115.htm.

Memmi Sarah (2013) « Contraceptive behaviour as a marital responsibility in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional survey », The Lancet, 382 (S26) (décembre 5). DOI : 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62598-2. http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736%2813%2962598-2.pdf.

Mick Carola et Palacios Azucena (2013) « Posicionamiento social y lingüístico en migrantes trabajadoras del hogar en Lima : los adverbios locativos como marcadores de identidad », Neue Romania, 41, p. 27-55. http://espanolcontacto.fe.uam.es/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Posicionamiento-social-y-ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstico-en-migrantes-trabajadoras-del-hogar-en-Lima-los-adverbios-locativos-como-marcadores-de-identidad.pdf.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Mick Carola et Palacios Azucena (2013) « Mantenimiento o sustitución de rasgos lingüísticos indexados socialmente: migrantes de zonas andinas en Lima », Lexis, 37 (2), p. 341-380. DOI : 10.18800/lexis.201302.004. http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/lexis/article/view/7660/7909.

Résumé : This article enquires the relationship between the formation of “individual communicative lifeworlds” and the construction of identity in 22 semidirective interviews with Peruvian migrant domestic workers in Lima originating from the Andean regions. With the help of a combined linguistic and discursive analysis we demonstrate the way in which language ideologies condition and enable the formation of individual communicative lifeworlds of the speakers. The stigmatization of linguistic characteristics that are considered as typical of “Andean” speakers and the high esteem of linguistic forms considered as typical for people originating in Lima favour linguistic accommodation, but in order to explain all the variation in the corpus we need to take into consideration the individual linguistic and discursive positioning of each speaker.

Ndour Cheikh, Dossou Gbété Simplice, Bru Noelle, Abrahamowicz Michal, Fauconnier Arnaud, Traoré Mamadou, Diop Aliou, Fournier Pierre et Dumont Alexandre (2013) « Predicting in-hospital maternal mortality in Senegal and Mali », Plos One, 8 (5). DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0064157.

Mots-clés : ANALYSE STATISTIQUE, CLASSIFICATION, FACTEUR DE RISQUE, femme, GROSSESSE, HOPITAL, MORTALITE, OBSTETRIQUE, PERSONNEL DE SANTE, PREVENTION SANITAIRE, PROTECTION MATERNELLE ET INFANTILE.

Nossik Sandra (2013) « Compte-rendu de l'ouvrage: Duchêne A., 2008, Ideologies across Nations, The Construction of Linguistic Minorities at the United Nations, Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 282 p. », Language in Society, 42 (2), p. 228-229. DOI : 10.1017/S0047404513000134. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8878128&fulltextType=BR&fileId=S0047404513000134.

Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Balestre Eric, Tchendjou Patrice, Miric Marija, Darak Shrinivas, Butsashvili Maia, Perez-Then Eddy, Eboko Fred, Plazy Melanie, Kulkarni Sanjeevani, Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Dabis François et for the Prenahtest ANRS 12127 Study Group (2013) « Increasing HIV testing among male partners », AIDS, 27 (7) (avril), p. 1167-1177. DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835f1d8c. http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00002030-201304240-00014.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2013) « Nigéria : l'ombre de Boko Haram », Politique Internationale, 139, p. 111-125.

Mots-clés : ARMEE, GUERRE, ISLAM, LUTTE ANTITERRORISTE, MOUVEMENT ISLAMIQUE, PARTI POLITIQUE, POUVOIR EXECUTIF, RELIGION, SECTE, SECTE BOKO HARAM, SYSTEME POLITIQUE, TERRORISME, ⛔ No DOI found.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2013) « Conflicts and the political issues of excess mortality : a case-study from Nigeria », Jindal Journal of International Affairs, 3 (1), p. 85-101. http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064364.

Résumé : This article deals with the political issues of excess mortality due 'to conflicts. Based on a case-study from Nigeria, it addresses two main points. The first has to do with the methodological possibilities to measure the intensity and the human impact of armed conflicts. In the context of developing countries where official statistics are not reliable and/or not available because they are not published, it argues that violent deaths are the prime indicators that can be used. The second point addresses the methodological difficulties to define precisely political violence. It underlines the problems of resorting to categories like civilians and combatants, public and private actors, criminal politicians and politicized criminals, etc. In this regard, it appears that crime statistics can also be politicized. Thus it is very necessary to establish a proper methodology before undertaking any assessment of risk and the human impact of armed conflicts.

Mots-clés : CONFLIT ARME, CONFLIT POLITIQUE, CONVENTION DE GENEVE, DONNEES STATISTIQUES, ISLAM, mesure, MORTALITE, MOUVEMENT ISLAMIQUE, SECTE, SECURITE HUMAINE, STATISTIQUE, TAUX DE MORTALITE, TERRORISME, VIOLENCE, ⛔ No DOI found.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2013) « Le Nigeria à l'épreuve de l'islamisme », Politique Etrangère, 3, p. 53-63.

Mots-clés : charia, CHRISTIANISATION, CHRISTIANISME, CONTRACEPTION, CROISSANCE DEMOGRAPHIQUE, DROIT ISLAMIQUE, GROUPE RELIGIEUX, HISTOIRE COLONIALE, ISLAM, ISLAMISATION, ISLAMISME, MOUVEMENT ISLAMIQUE, PLANIFICATION DE LA FAMILLE, POLITISATION, RELATIONS INTERRELIGIEUSES, RELIGION, TERRORISME, ⛔ No DOI found.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2013) « Des limites de l'économie dans la compréhension géopolitique des conflits des pays en développement », éd. par B. Giblin, Hérodote, 151, p. 186-198. DOI : 10.3917/her.151.0186.

Résumé : Une analyse strictement économique des conflits dans les pays en développement présente deux principaux défauts. D'abord, elle occulte la dimension politique et symbolique de tensions qui ont aussi trait à la qualité des institutions, à l'organisation de l'État, aux cultures de gouvernement et aux relations de pouvoir à l'intérieur d'une société. De plus, elle néglige la force des faibles en ramenant toutes les interdépendances économiques à des rapports hégémoniques de domination du "centre" sur sa "périphérie" et des puissances impérialistes sur leurs vassaux et/ou anciennes colonies. Cet article déconstruit ainsi des paradigmes qui ont beaucoup évolué depuis la fin de la guerre froide. L'objectif n'est certainement pas de nier l'importance du rôle que jouent les ressources économiques pour financer la poursuite des combats ou attiser les convoitises. En revanche, il s'agit bien de contester les théories déterministes de la "malédiction" ou dépendantistes de l'"exploitation" qui tendent à réduire à une simple compétition pour les ressources les tensions géopolitiques que connaissent les pays dits du "tiers monde".

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2013) « L'Afrique ne se convertit pas à l'islam radical », éd. par C. Lequesne, Alternatives Internationales, h.s. no 12, p. 14-15.

Mots-clés : ISLAMISATION, MEDIA, TERRORISME, ⛔ No DOI found.

Petit Véronique et Charbit Yves (2013) « The French School of Demography: Contextualizing Demographic Analysis », Population and Development Review, 38 (Supplement s1), p. 322-323. DOI : 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00567.x.

Mots-clés : demographic analysis, demography, french demography, interdisciplinarity.

Pirkle C. M., Dumont Alexandre, Traore M. et Zunzunegui M. V. (2013) « Effect of a facility-based multifaceted intervention on the quality of obstetrical care : a cluster randomized controlled trial in Mali and Senegal », Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13. DOI : 10.1186/1471-2393-13-24.

Résumé : Background: Maternal mortality in referral hospitals in Mali and Senegal surpasses 1% of obstetrical admissions. Poor quality obstetrical care contributes to high maternal mortality; however, poor care is often linked to insufficient hospital resources. One promising method to improve obstetrical care is maternal death review. With a cluster randomized trial, we assessed whether an intervention, based on maternal death review, could improve obstetrical quality of care. Methods: The trial began with a pre-intervention year (2007), followed by two years of intervention activities and a post-intervention year. We measured obstetrical quality of care in the post-intervention year using a criterion-based clinical audit (CBCA). We collected data from 32 of the 46 trial hospitals (16 in each trial arm) and included 658 patients admitted to the maternity unit with a trial of labour. The CBCA questionnaire measured 5 dimensions of care-patient history, clinical examination, laboratory examination, delivery care and postpartum monitoring. We used adjusted mixed models to evaluate differences in CBCA scores by trial arms and examined how levels of hospital human and material resources affect quality of care differences associated with the intervention. Results: For all women, the mean percentage of care criteria met was 66.3 (SD 13.5). There were significantly greater mean CBCA scores in women treated at intervention hospitals (68.2) compared to control hospitals (64.5). After adjustment, women treated at intervention sites had 5 points' greater scores than those at control sites. This difference was mostly attributable to greater clinical examination and post-partum monitoring scores. The association between the intervention and quality of care was the same, irrespective of the level of resources available to a hospital; however, as resources increased, so did quality of care scores in both arms of the trial. Conclusions: Patients treated at hospitals with maternal death review had greater CBCA scores suggesting that the intervention improves quality of care. Results indicate that the intervention mostly improves clinical examination at admission and post-partum monitoring. They also indicate that quality of care scores can be maximized by increasing the availability of human and material resources to hospitals in the region.

Mots-clés : Criterion based clinical audit, Maternal death review, Obstetrics, quality of care, West Africa.

Plazy Melanie, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Balestre Eric, Miric Marija, Darak Shrinivas, Butsashvili Maia, Tchendjou Patrice, Dabis François et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2013) « Intervention de conseil VIH prénatal orienté vers le couple et communication conjugale autour du VIH (Essai ANRS 12127 Prenahtest) », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 61 (4) (août), p. 319-327. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2013.02.013. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0398762013002757.

Résumé : Abstract Background The Prenahtest study investigated the efficacy of a couple-oriented HIV counselling session (COC) in encouraging couple HIV counselling and testing, and improving intra-couple communication about sexual and reproductive health. We report here on the effect of COC on intra-couple communication about HIV. Methods Within this 4-country trial (India, Georgia, Dominican Republic and Cameroon), 484 to 491 pregnant women per site were recruited and individually randomized to receive either the COC intervention, enhanced counselling with role playing, or standard post-test HIV counselling. Women were interviewed at recruitment, before HIV testing (T0), and 2 to 8 weeks after post-test HIV counselling (T1). Four dichotomous variables documented intra-couple communication about HIV at T1: 1) discussion about HIV, 2) discussion about condom use, 3) suggesting HIV testing and 4) suggesting couple HIV counselling to the partner. An intra-couple HIV communication index was created: low degree of communication (“yes” response to zero or one of the four variables), intermediate degree of communication (“yes” to two or three variables) or high degree of communication (“yes” to the four variables). To estimate the impact of COC on the intra-couple HIV communication index, multivariable logistic regressions were conducted. Results One thousand six hundred and seven women were included in the analysis of whom 54 (3.4%) were HIV-infected (49 in Cameroon). In the four countries, the counselling group was associated with intra-couple HIV communication (P ≤ 0.03): women allocated to the COC group were significantly more likely to report high or intermediate degrees of intra-couple communication about HIV (versus low degree of communication) than women allocated to standard counselling. Conclusion COC improved short-term communication about HIV within couples in different sociocultural contexts, a positive finding for a couple approach to HIV prevention. RésuméPosition du problème Afin d’améliorer l’implication des hommes dans la prévention de la transmission du VIH de la mère à l’enfant, l’étude Prenahtest a évalué l’impact d’un conseil post-test du VIH orienté vers le couple (COC) dans quatre contextes socioculturels différents (Inde, Géorgie, République Dominicaine, Cameroun). Par le biais de jeux de rôles, cette intervention de COC vise à encourager les femmes enceintes à proposer le test VIH et le conseil de couple à leur partenaire, et à améliorer leur communication conjugale sur la santé sexuelle et reproductive. L’objectif de cette analyse est de mesurer l’impact du COC sur la communication conjugale autour du VIH. Méthode Près de 500 femmes enceintes ont été recrutées dans chaque pays et randomisées pour recevoir soit le COC, soit le conseil post-test VIH classique. Les femmes ont été interrogées à l’inclusion avant le test VIH (T0) et deux à huit semaines après le conseil post-test du VIH (T1). Quatre indicateurs dichotomiques ont documenté la communication conjugale autour du VIH à T1 : 1) la discussion sur le VIH, 2) la discussion sur les préservatifs, 3) la suggestion du test VIH et 4) celle du conseil VIH de couple au partenaire. Un index de communication conjugale autour du VIH a été créé : degré de communication faible (réponse « oui » à zéro ou un des quatre indicateurs), intermédiaire (« oui » à deux ou trois indicateurs) ou élevé (« oui » aux quatre indicateurs). Des régressions logistiques polytomiques ont été réalisées. Résultats Mille six cent sept femmes ont été incluses dans les analyses, parmi lesquelles 54 étaient infectées par le VIH (dont 49 au Cameroun). Dans les quatre sites de l’étude, les femmes du groupe COC étaient significativement plus nombreuses à déclarer un degré élevé ou intermédiaire de communication conjugale autour du VIH (ref. degré de communication faible) par rapport aux femmes du groupe conseil post-test VIH classique (p ≤ 0,03). Conclusion Le COC semble efficace pour améliorer la communication conjugale autour du VIH dans des contextes socioculturels très différents, un résultat positif en faveur de l’approche de couple au sein de la prévention du VIH.

Mots-clés : COMMUNICATION, couple, Dépistage et conseil prénatal, HIV, Prenatal testing and counselling, Prevention, VIH.

ScienceDirect Snapshot (source)

Pourette Dolorès (2013) « Prise en charge du VIH et de l’hépatite B chronique chez les migrants subsahariens en France : le rôle-clé de la relation médecin-patient », Santé Publique, 25 (5), p. 561-570. DOI : 10.3917/spub.135.0561.

Résumé : En France, la part des populations nées en Afrique subsaharienne parmi les personnes ayant une hépatite B chronique ou vivant avec le VIH est importante. L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser les caractéristiques des relations médecins-patients pour ces pathologies lorsque le patient est un migrant subsaharien, selon les objectifs des médecins, les attentes des patients, le contexte de la prise en charge de ces pathologies. Une étude qualitative par entretiens semi-directifs et observations de consultations a été menée dans quatre services hospitaliers d’Île-de-France. Soixante-treize patients subsahariens ayant une hépatite B chronique ou le VIH et 13 médecins ont été interrogés. L’étude souligne la centralité de la relation médecin-patient dans l’adéquation entre les attentes des patients et leur prise en charge. Les caractéristiques de cette relation sont distinctes pour les deux pathologies. Pour l’hépatite B, on observe une inadéquation entre les objectifs des médecins, centrés sur les aspects médicaux de la prise en charge, et les attentes des patients (informations sur la maladie et les traitements, soutien dans la vie avec l’infection et les démarches administratives) dans un contexte de méconnaissance et de perception négative de l’hépatite B. Pour le VIH, objectifs des médecins et attentes des patients concordent davantage, car la prise en charge des difficultés personnelles, sociales, administratives des patients est intégrée à celle de la maladie. La prise en charge des problèmes sexuels et des obstacles juridiques au regroupement familial reste incertaine. Des études similaires auprès de populations nées en France seraient nécessaires afin de compléter ces résultats.

Mots-clés : Hépatite B ; VIH ; Migrants ; Relation médecinpatient ; Étude qualitative.

Pourette Dolorès (2013) « Paul Farmer : élaboration d’une représentation collective du sida en zone rurale d’Haïti au prisme du contexte historique et géopolitique haïtien (1983-1990) », Genre, sexualité & société, 9. DOI : 10.4000/gss.2879.

Résumé : Le texte de Paul Farmer, publié en 1990, présente l’étude anthropologique de l’élaboration d’une représentation collective du sida, entre 1983 et 1990, dans une zone rurale haïtienne. Paul Farmer, médecin et anthropologue de la santé, y souligne comment les expériences et interprétations locales du sida, les vécus subjectifs de la maladie, et les pratiques discursives autour du sida sont profondément articulés aux contextes sociohistorique et géopolitique de cette région, notamment dans ses relations avec la capitale haïtienne et avec les États-Unis. Les enseignements de ce texte, tant théoriques que méthodologiques, restent d’actualité pour les enjeux contemporains de l’anthropologie de la santé.

Mots-clés : Haïti, discours, anthropologie, VIH/sida, représentations.

Prigent Steven (2013) « « Rythmes et euphonies dans les jeux mains-bouche. Un zoom ethnographique sur la sociabilité entre enfants (Cambodge) » », Moussons, 22, p. 125-151. DOI : 10.4000/moussons.2385.

Randall Sara, Coast Ernestina, Compaoré Natacha et Antoine Philippe (2013) « The power of the interviewer », Demographic Research, 28, p. 763-792. DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2013.28 . 27. http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol28/27/.

Mots-clés : ⚠️ Invalid DOI.

Rossier Clémentine, Sawadogo Nathalie, Soubeiga André et The ECAF team (2013) « Premarital Sexuality, Gender Relations and Unplanned Pregnancies in Ouagadougou », trad. par, Lucy ApRoberts, Population (English Edition), 68 (1), p. 89-113. DOI : 10.3917/pope.1301.0089. http://www.cairn.info/revue-population-english-2013-1-page-89.htm.

Rossier Clémentine, Sawadogo Nathalie, Soubeiga André et Équipe ECAF (2013) « Sexualités prénuptiales, rapports de genre et grossesses non prévues à Ouagadougou », Population, 68 (1), p. 97-122. DOI : 10.3917/popu.1301.0097. http://www.cairn.info/revue-population-2013-1-page-97.htm.

Toret-Labeeuw Flavie, Huchon Cyrille, Popowski Thomas, Chantry Anne A., Dumont Alexandre et Fauconnier Arnaud (2013) « Routine ultrasound examination by OB/GYN residents increase the accuracy of diagnosis for emergency surgery in gynecology », World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 8. DOI : 10.1186/1749-7922-8-16.

Résumé : Introduction: Diagnostic accuracy of first-line sonographic evaluation by obstetrics/gynecology residents in determining the need for emergency surgery in women with acute pelvic pain is unknown. Aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of routine ultrasound evaluation by obstetrics/gynecology residents, available 24 hours a day, in patients with acute pelvic pain. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent emergency laparoscopy for acute pelvic pain at a teaching hospital gynecologic emergency unit, between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2006. The laparoscopic diagnosis was the reference standard. Gynecologic and nongynecologic conditions requiring immediate surgery to avoid severe morbidity or death were defined as surgical emergencies. In all patients, obstetrics/gynecology residents routinely performed clinical examination and standardized ultrasonography was routinely recorded. Sonograms were re-interpreted for the study, blinded to physical examination and laparoscopic findings, according to evidence-based predetermined criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were computed for clinical data alone, sonographic data alone, and the combination of both. Results: Emergency laparoscopy was performed in 234 patients, diagnosing 139 (59%) surgical emergencies. Clinical and sonographic examinations performed by the residents each independently predicted a need for emergency surgery. Combining both examinations was superior over each examination alone and had an acceptable false-negative rate of 1%. Conclusions: First-line combined clinical and sonographic examination by obstetrics/gynecology residents is effective in ruling out surgical emergencies in patients with acute pelvic pain.

Mots-clés : Acute pelvic pain, gynecologic emergency, Laparoscopy, Physical examination, Sensitivity, Specificity, Ultrasonography.

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