Références bibliographiques

Dia Hamidou et Diack Safietou (2022) Projet ÉDUAI (Éducation arabo-islamique au Sahel), Rapport Sénégal,, PASAS Plateforme d'analyse, de suivi et d'apprentissage au Sahel, 82 pages p. https://pasas-minka.fr/fr/resources/download/226.

Dia Hamidou, Malam Sani Mahamane Mahaboubou, Igodoe Assane Aissata et Salao Alassane (2022) Education arabo – islamique au Niger, PASAS Plateforme d'analyse, de suivi et d'apprentissage au Sahel, Paris, 58 p. https://pasas-minka.fr/fr/resources/download/225.

Dia Hamidou et Ngodji Fulbert (2022) Education arabo-islamique au Tchad, PASAS Plateforme d'analyse, de suivi et d'apprentissage au Sahel, Paris, 77 p. https://pasas-minka.fr/fr/resources/download/227.

Dia Hamidou, Ould Mohamed Baba Elemine et Ould Maouloud Mohamed Salem (2022) Education arabo -islamique en Mauritanie, PASAS Plateforme d'analyse, de suivi et d'apprentissage au Sahel, 94 p. https://pasas-minka.fr/fr/resources/download/224.

Dia Hamidou et Pilon Marc (2022) « La démographie des religions au Sénégal » (communication orale), présenté à Séminaire final DEMORELAF, Paris.

Dia Hamidou, Traoré Kadari et Yalcouvé Seydou (2022) Education arabo-islamique au Mali, PASAS Plateforme d'analyse, de suivi et d'apprentissage au Sahel, 65 p. https://pasas-minka.fr/fr/resources/download/366.

Dia Hamidou et Zanfini L. (2022) Les institutions d'éducation islamique au Sahel : entre développement communautaire privé et desseins hégémoniques des systèmes scolaires étatiques, AFD, 47 p. https://hal.science/hal-04008284.

Résumé : Ce papier de recherche est tiré d'une étude conduite de septembre 2019 à novembre 2020 par une équipe pluridisciplinaire en sciences sociales dans six pays africains : Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Tchad et Sénégal. L'offre d'éducation d'inspiration confessionnelle musulmane au Sahel s'est beaucoup renouvelée et diversifiée ces deux dernières décennies à la faveur de dynamiques propres aux sociétés étudiées, mais aussi en lien avec un engagement des organisations internationales et des États en faveur de la politique d'Éducation pour tous. Le pluralisme qui caractérise l'offre d'enseignement arabo-islamique du fait de l'existence de plusieurs sensibilités et de sources de financements très divers pose des défis multidimensionnels aux pays concernés, notamment dans leur capacité à articuler des systèmes de formation parfois différents, voire antagoniques en leur sein, de même que dans leur volonté de concevoir des politiques éducatives pertinentes dans ces contextes. Les réformes menées par les pouvoirs publics restent encore partielles, alors que de nombreux acteurs aux intérêts divers et parfois conflictuels cherchent à imprimer leur marque dans les champs éducatifs nationaux et sous-régionaux. Le devenir des systèmes éducatifs est par conséquent étroitement lié à la volonté des États à organiser et gouverner l'enseignement arabo-islamique si présent et ancré dans les dynamiques sociales locales, mais insuffisamment pris en compte dans sa complexité et sa permanence

Diagne Ibrahima, Petit Véronique et Koundoul Adama (2022) « Youth and Mental Health in a Context of Demographic and Health Transition in Senegal: How Youth Mental Health Intersects with Important Development Issues », Austin Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 6 (2) (novembre 4), p. id1027.

Résumé : Citation: Diagne I, Petit V and Koundoul A. Youth and Mental Health in a Context of Demographic and Health Transition in Senegal: How Youth Mental Health Intersects with Important Development Issues. Austin Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022; 6(2): 1027. Austin Child Adolesc Psychiatry - Volume 6 Issue 2 - 2022 Submit your Manuscript | www.austinpublishinggroup.com Diagne et al. © All rights are reserved Austin Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Open Access Abstract The mental health of young people is an issue of public health and sustainable development that is still underestimated in the countries of the South, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, even though demographic and health transitions make it a major challenge. The overview of mental health in developing countries highlights the absence of a specific policy, the lack of resources allocated to this health sector, and the scarcity of research, even though mental illnesses have decisive and growing morbid, social, and economic impacts. The insufficient production of data contributes to the invisibilities of this issue. Based on the literature and the experiences of the authors on mental health in Senegal, they illustrate how the psychological health of young people is interwoven into the societal context.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Diallo Alhassane, Carlos-Bolumbu Miguel, Diallo Mamadou Hassimiou, Makinson Alain et Galtier Florence (2022) « Efficacy of approved vaccines to prevent COVID-19: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of reconstructed individual patient data from randomized trials », Journal of Public Health (mars 23). DOI : 10.1007/s10389-022-01707-1. https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-03994353.

Résumé : Aim To optimize vaccination strategy, evidence on vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 is needed. Method The present network meta-analysis uses reconstructed individual patient data from phase III trials on vaccine efficacy (VE), identified through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library (CENTRAL) peer-reviewed and published in English before August 31, 2021. The primary outcome was the VE against confirmed COVID-19 at any time after the first dose as defined in each study. VE was re-estimated using the two-stage approach. Poisson regression models were applied to each trial at the first stage, and the incidence risk ratio (IRR) and their 95% CI were aggregated to allow random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) at the second stage. VE was expressed as: (1-IRR) × 100. The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020200012). Results A total of eight studies, evaluating nine different vaccines were identified and analyzed. Between April 23, 2020 and January 05, 2021, 210,418 participants were recruited in 354 sites worldwide. During a median (IQR) follow-up duration of 69.8 (69.7–70.3) days, 2131 confirmed COVID-19 cases occurred (604; 26.0 per 1000 person–years in vaccine recipients and 1527; 85.9 per 1000 person–years in the control group). The mRNA-1273 vaccine was the most effective (P-score 0.99); at any time after dose 1, incidence reduction for mRNA-1273 ranged from 78% to 98% compared to the other vaccines. Conclusion Our results provide evidence for the short-term superiority of mRNA vaccines, especially the mRNA-1273 vaccine in prevention of COVID-19 in different populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01707-1.

Texte intégral 691.7 kio (source)

Snapshot (source)

PubMed entry

Diallo Amadou Ibra, Faye Adama, Tine Jean Augustin Diègane, Ba Mouhamadou Faly, Gaye Ibrahima, Bonnet Emmanuel, Traoré Z. et Ridde Valery (2022) « Factors associated with the acceptability of government measures to address COVID-19 in Senegal », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (mars), p. S0398762022002930. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2022.03.123. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0398762022002930.

Résumé : Introduction : Three months after the first appearance of the new coronavirus (COVID 19), Senegal recorded its first case on March 2, 2020. Faced with this pandemic, the State reacted quickly with public measures : instituting a curfew, placing a ban on travel between regions, and closing shops and places of worship. This research aims to study the acceptability of these non-pharmaceutical measures by the Senegalese population. Method : This study was a cross-sectional and analytical survey conducted in June and July 2020 among Senegalese over 18 years old. Sampling by the representative quota method was distributed proportionally to age, gender and region. We constructed the questionnaire using the theoretical framework of acceptability of health interventions. Through a telephone call center synchronised to an internet server, we collected data on personal characteristics, knowledge of the disease, trust in information sources, trust in government, concern about the pandemic, and the seven dimensions of acceptability. We performed descriptive analysis and structural equation with R software version 4.0.2. Results : This study included a total of 813 individuals. The average age was 34.7 years ( ± 14.2 years). They were predominantly male (54.6 %), with no education (42.6 %). The increased level of knowledge of the disease was associated with confidence in national media information sources provided by the administrative and health authorities (β=0.11**). The increase in the level of trust in the government in response to COVID-19 was positively related to the acceptability of curfew (β=0.16***), travel ban between regions (β=0.11***), and closure of places of worship (β=0.1**) and markets (β=0.09**). Conclusion : In Senegal, the acceptability of the measures depended on knowledge of the disease, perception of the risk of the disease, and trust in the government. There is a need to strengthen awareness and risk communication of COVID-19. Keywords Social acceptabilityGovernment measuresCOVID-19Senegal

Drabo Seydou, Ouattara Fatoumata, Baxerres Carine et Guillaume Agnès (2022) « Reproductive Health Governance: Availability and Professional Use of Misoprostol in Benin and Burkina Faso », Nordic Journal of African Studies, 31 (3), p. 224-244. DOI : 10.53228/njas.v31i3.926. https://www.njas.fi/njas/article/view/926/593.

Résumé : Misoprostol is effective not only for gastroenterology indications but also for reproductive health-related conditions and for the reduction of maternal mortality. The use of misoprostol is well documented in Latin America, where it is widely used for abortions. However, scant knowledge exists regarding its use in African contexts. In this study, we describe and analyse the conditions of the professional use of misoprostol in Benin and Burkina Faso. We ask the following questions: How accepted is misoprostol in Benin and Burkina Faso? What was the process leading to the official recognition of misoprostol in both countries? Which actors were involved in this process? How do health care workers perceive and use misoprostol in the context of care? Theoretically, we use the concepts ‘social life of medicine’ and ‘reproductive governance’ to analyse the position of misoprostol within the broader system of health policy, as well as its professional usage within the health care system. The fieldwork conducted in Benin and Burkina Faso highlights the conditions of the institutional acceptability of the drug and the logics underlying the use and non-use of misoprostol by health workers in both countries. The article highlights the social life of misoprostol by showing how the governance surrounding its use contributes to the development and cultivation of suspicions towards the drug among health care providers and institutional actors – suspicions that consequently restrict the availability of misoprostol as a medical therapeutic option.

Mots-clés : ⚠️ Invalid DOI.

Duchesne Véronique (2022) « Many Roots, One Law », Film présenté à Ethnografilm Festival, avril 9, Paris.

Duchesne Véronique (2022) « La réalisation audiovisuelle au service de la recherche et du développement », Table ronde présenté à Regards critiques sur le développement, Journées doctorales, novembre 3, Aubervilliers.

Duchesne Véronique (2022) « Professionnalisation de la "médecine traditionnelle africaine" : enjeux et défis » (communication orale), présenté à Ethnomédecines et tradipraticiens face au Covid19, Marrakech, Maroc.

Duchesne Véronique (2022) « Expériences africaines de l’infertilité » (communication orale), présenté à Colloque de la SHN-Quand l'enfant ne vient pas .. L'infertilité des couples d'hier à aujourd'hui, Namur, Belgique. https://societe-histoire-naissance.fr/?p=428#:~:text=Date%20%3A%2018%20et%2019%20novembre,FEMMES%2C%20NAMUR%20(Belgique).&text=De%20tout%20temps%2C%20hier%20comme,m%C3%A9decine%2C%20pour%20l'%C3%89tat.

Duchesne Véronique, Candelise Lucia, Ngo Likeng Julienne-Louise et Djouda Feudjio Yves-Bertrand (2022) « (Re)configurarion des pratiques de mobilité et d’hygiène en temps de risque et de confinement. Expériences camerounaises » présenté à Atelier de restitution ARIACOV (AFD), octobre 11, Yaoundé.

Duchesne Véronique et Pilon Marc (2022) « Les enjeux scientifiques d’une approche statistique des religions en Afrique à partir des sources de données démographiques : le défi de l’interdisciplinarité » (communication orale), présenté à 7e Rencontres des Etudes Africaines en France, Toulouse.

Dumont Alexandre (2022) APPROPRIATE USE OF CAESAREAN SECTION THROUGH QUALITY DECISION-MAKING BY WOMEN AND PROVIDERS, Periodic Technical Report (ird-03825043), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03825043.

Dumont Alexandre, de Loenzien Myriam, Nhu Hung Mac Quo, Dugas Marylène, Kabore Charles, Lumbiganon Pisake, Torloni Maria Regina, Gialdini Celina, Carroli Guillermo, Hanson Claudia, Betrán Ana Pilar et On behalf of the QUALI-DEC consortium (2022) « Caesarean section or vaginal delivery for low-risk pregnancy? Helping women make an informed choice in low- and middle-income countries », éd. par Melissa Morgan Medvedev, PLOS Global Public Health, 2 (11) (novembre 14), p. e0001264. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001264. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001264.

Résumé : Women’s fear and uncertainty about vaginal delivery and lack of empowerment in decision-making generate decision conflict and is one of the main determinants of high caesarean section rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to develop a decision analysis tool (DAT) to help pregnant women make an informed choice about the planned mode of delivery and to evaluate its acceptability in Vietnam, Thailand, Argentina, and Burkina Faso. The DAT targets low-risk pregnant women with a healthy, singleton foetus, without any medical or obstetric disorder, no previous caesarean scarring, and eligibility for labour trials. We conducted a systematic review to determine the short- and long-term maternal and offspring risks and benefits of planned caesarean section compared to planned vaginal delivery. We carried out individual interviews and focus group discussions with key informants to capture informational needs for decision-making, and to assess the acceptability of the DAT in participating hospitals. The DAT meets 20 of the 22 Patient Decision Aid Standards for decision support. It includes low- to moderate-certainty evidence-based information on the risks and benefits of both modes of birth, and helps pregnant women clarify their personal values. It has been well accepted by women and health care providers. Adaptations have been made in each country to fit the context and to facilitate its implementation in current practice, including the development of an App. DAT is a simple method to improve communication and facilitate shared decision-making for planned modes of birth. It is expected to build trust and foster more effective, satisfactory dialogue between pregnant women and providers. It can be easily adapted and updated as new evidence emerges. We encourage further studies in LMICs to assess the impact of DAT on quality decision-making for the appropriate use of caesarean section in these settings.

Dumont Alexandre, Dugas Marylène Md et de Loenzien Myriam (2022) « Livret d'aide à la décision: césarienne ou accouchement vaginal, faire un choix éclairé » (juin 24). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03825035.

Résumé : Ce livret est un outil d’aide à la décision qui est utilisé dans un projet de recherche intitulé QUALI-DEC. Ce projet a pour objectif d’améliorer la prise de décision concernant l’accouchement.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Full Text PDF 471.6 kio (source)

Dumont Alexandre, Dugas Marylène Md et de Loenzien Myriam (2022) « Cesárea o parto vaginal Tomar una decisión informada » (juin 24). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03825039.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Full Text PDF 581.7 kio (source)

Dumont Alexandre, Dugas Marylène Md et Loenzien Myriam de (2022) « Caesarean section or Vaginal birth: Making an Informed Choice » (juin 24). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03825031.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Full Text PDF 611.2 kio (source)

Eholié Serge, Larmarange Joseph, Mechlia Mohamed Ben, Mercier Noémie, Nouaman Marcellin N., Coffie Patrick, Yao Cyril, Agoua Aline, Zébago Clémence, Zonhoulou Dao Guy Hervé, Kessé Ervé Gboh, Anvo Kakou Pierre, Anglaret Xavier, Anoma Camille, Attia Alain, Banga Marie-France, Becquet Valentine, Bébéar Cécile, Berçot Béatrice, Boyd Anders, Calvez Vincent, Freedberg Kenneth, Jary Aude, Kissi Evelyne, Lacombe Karine, Leducq Valentin, Marcelin Anne-Geneviève, Moh Raoul, Plazy Mélanie et Teyssou Elisa (2022) ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE : PrEP, infections sexuellement transmissibles, contraception, hépatite virale B, santé sexuelle pour les travailleuses du sexe en Côte d’Ivoire, Report, ANRS ; Programme PAC-CI ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). https://hal.science/hal-04127364.

Full Text PDF 3.6 Mio (source)

Eïd Julia et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2022) « Empowerment-based support program for vulnerable populations living with diabetes, obesity or high blood pressure: a scoping review », BMC Public Health, 22 (1) (novembre 9), p. 2051. DOI : 10.1186/s12889-022-14480-3. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-14480-3.

Résumé : Abstract Background The management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure is a major global health challenge, particularly among the most disadvantaged populations. Beyond the biomedical management of these diseases, comprehensive support that takes into account the peoples’ economic and social situation is fundamental. The objective of this scoping review is to create an inventory and an analysis of the different types of support for these chronic diseases among disadvantaged, immigrant or minority populations to contribute to a better definition and characterization of what should be global support for these vulnerable populations suffering from these diseases. Methods A search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Sages Journals and Web of Science was conducted (between March and May 2021) for articles published between January 2000 and May 2021. Articles were selected after screening titles, abstracts and full texts according to our 5 inclusion criteria. Results We included 16 articles. The diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure support programs described in these articles operate to improve physical and mental health and access to care. The approaches of these interventions are focused on the training and participation of people and the implementation of support actions adapted to the person. The majority of these interventions have a real attachment to the community. Conclusions This review of the literature shows that support for people with chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity or high blood pressure is based on three pillars: empowerment, peer mediation and holistic and tailor-made support for the individual. The empowerment approach, which considers the capacities and resources of individuals and whose goal is to strengthen their ability to act on their health, appears to be entirely suited to the support of these chronic diseases. This review underlines the importance of moving away from a biomedical approach to a holistic approach truly focused on the person, their capacities and their needs.

Émilie Pigeon-Gagné, Vigu Teodora, Kadio Kadidiatou, Bonnet Emmanuel et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Explanatory models of psychotic-like experiences in rural Burkina Faso: A qualitative study among indigents and their community », SSM - Mental Health (octobre), p. 100166. DOI : 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100166. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666560322001062.

Résumé : Background In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This is especially true for people living in chronic poverty in rural areas. The way in which people with psychotic manifestations are socially perceived and treated remains under-researched, limiting the possibility of adapting services to their needs. Methods In May 2017, 29 semi-structured individual interviews with indigent people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 8 focus groups with members of their community were conducted in the rural region of Diébougou (Burkina Faso). Indigents were questioned on their subjective interpretation regarding these experiences. Community members were asked about their perceptions of people manifesting psychotic-like experiences. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results Three distinct conceptions of psychotic-like experiences were identified. First, these experiences were often understood as a reflection of a mental disorder involving evil supernatural entities. Second, some people were considered as possessing a faculty that conferred supernatural powers that could be used for healing purposes. Finally, psychotic-like experiences might also reflect a temporary disturbance for which no significant repercussions were raised. Conclusions This study suggests that certain manifestations qualified as psychotic according to the biomedical nosology seem to be considered differently from communities' perspectives. These experiences were frequently interpreted as being personal and not requiring medical attention or even as socially valuable faculties. Although psychotic-like experiences were not always perceived negatively, people who experienced them were reluctant to talk about them. This suggests that a form of stigmatization is associated with psychotic-like experiences. Keywords Psychotic-like experiencesIndigentsBurkina FasoExplanatory models of illnessUniversal health coverage

Enyu'u Moneye Emmanuel Cyrille (2022) « Les associations de lutte contre le sida dans l’action publique de l’accès aux traitements au Cameroun », Thèse de doctorat en socologie, Paris : Université Paris Cité.

Résumé : L’espérance portée par l’inscription en l’an 2000 de l’accès universel aux antirétroviraux (ARV) comme objectif politique multilatéral, s’est traduite au Cameroun par la consécration, le 1er mai 2007, de la gratuite des ARV. La mise en œuvre de cette politique va donner lieu à de nouvelles formes de discriminations qui vont susciter des mobilisations associatives exceptionnelles, portées par un contexte international favorable. Des bifurcations associatives seront observées, au gré de nouvelles figures notamment, les « populations clés » c’est-à-dire les populations les plus susceptibles d’être exposées au VIH ou de le transmettre telles que les travailleuses du sexe (TS), les Hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec les Hommes (HSH) etc.), qui bénéficient du soutien des institutions internationales. L’entrée en vigueur en 2014 du Nouveau Modèle de Financement (NMF) du Fonds Mondial pour la lutte contre le sida, la tuberculose et le paludisme créé en 2002, vient accentuer le pouvoir que les partenaires internationaux assignent aux associations et davantage aux « populations clés », appelés à véhiculer des aspirations morales censées modeler la gouvernance au sein de l’Instances de Coordination Nationale (ICN) et partant, dans l’ensemble de l’action publique en faveur de l’accès aux antirétroviraux. Cette recherche doctorale a pour objectif, à partir de l’action collective de décrire et analyser les dynamiques complexes et ambivalentes des associations ainsi que les tensions qui traversent cet univers, et de mettre en perspective les rapports de pouvoir qui émanent de leurs interactions avec l’Etat et les acteurs internationaux dans la configuration de la gouvernance du sida au sein d’une instance de délibération au Cameroun.

Etoundi N., Assoumou N., Tegbe J., Abouo F., Diallo Z., Tanon A., Coffie P. et Debeaudrap Pierre (2022) « Comorbidités, fonctionnement physique et social et activité physique chez des adultes de plus de 40 ans avec et sans infection par le VIH en Côte d’Ivoire : une étude comparative (VIRAGE) » (communication orale), présenté à AFRAVIH, Marseille, France.

Faccin Mauro, Gargiulo Floriana, Atlani-Duault Laëtitia et Ward Jeremy K. (2022) « Assessing the influence of French vaccine critics during the two first years of the COVID-19 pandemic », éd. par Constantine Dovrolis, PLOS ONE, 17 (8) (août 4), p. e0271157. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0271157. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271157.

Résumé : When the threat of COVID-19 became widely acknowledged, many hoped that this pandemic would squash “the anti-vaccine movement”. However, when vaccines started arriving in rich countries at the end of 2020, it appeared that vaccine hesitancy might be an issue even in the context of this major pandemic. Does it mean that the mobilization of vaccine-critical activists on social media is one of the main causes of this reticence to vaccinate against COVID-19? In this paper, we wish to contribute to current work on vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic by looking at one of the many mechanisms which can cause reticence towards vaccines: the capacity of vaccine-critical activists to influence a wider public on social media. We analyze the evolution of debates over the COVID-19 vaccine on the French Twittosphere, during two first years of the pandemic, with a particular attention to the spreading capacity of vaccine-critical websites. We address two main questions: 1) Did vaccine-critical contents gain ground during this period? 2) Who were the main actors in the diffusion of these contents? While debates over vaccines experienced a tremendous surge during this period, the share of vaccine-critical contents in these debates remains stable except for a limited number of short periods associated with specific events. Secondly, analyzing the community structure of the re-tweets hyper-graph, we reconstruct the mesoscale structure of the information flows, identifying and characterizing the major communities of users. We analyze their role in the information ecosystem: the largest right-wing community has a typical echo-chamber behavior collecting all the vaccine-critical tweets from outside and recirculating it inside the community. The smaller left-wing community is less permeable to vaccine-critical contents but, has a large capacity to spread it once adopted.

Texte intégral 2.4 Mio (source)

Fillol Amandine, Kadio Kadidiatou et Ridde Valéry (2022) Effets du néolibéralisme dans la réflexion politique et scientifique autour de la CSU (4), Paris, France : Ceped. (Document de travail Unissahel). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7041072.

Résumé : Contexte : De plus en plus d’études montrent les liens entre les politiques ancrées dans une idéologie néolibérale et les effets sur la santé des populations. Alors que ces liens sont largement traités dans la littérature, notre article vise à comprendre comment la couverture universelle en santé (CSU), abordé ici comme un objet de la gouvernance globale en santé, naît, se définit et existe à travers le « noyau dur » du néolibéralisme, orientant ainsi l’ensemble des politiques publiques nationales et internationales. Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une analyse réflexive issue d’une revue de littérature réalisée dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat en santé mondiale. Cette analyse s’appuie sur le concept de noyau dur du néolibéralisme qui est un ensemble de croyances ontologiques et normatives, profondément ancrées, qui sous-tendent les représentations et les logiques des politiques et des interventions dans la gouvernance globale en santé. Résultats : Le noyau dur du néolibéralisme a pour effet, de façon implicite, de donner une définition restreinte à la santé à travers l’objet de la couverture sanitaire universelle, tout en promouvant une image positive et en limitant les possibilités de dissidence grâce à un cadrage discursif orienté (framing). Ce cadrage exclue les questions relatives aux déterminants structuraux de la santé tels que les financements publics dans la santé. Conclusions : À Travers le cadrage effectué sur les objets de la gouvernance globale tel que la couverture sanitaire universelle, il existe une restriction dans la façon de penser et de définir la santé.

Fillol Amandine, Mcsween-Cadieux Esther, Ventelou Bruno, Larose Marie-Pier, Kamguem Ulrich Boris Nguemdjo, Kadio Kadidiatou, Dagenais Christian et Ridde Valery (2022) « Quand le messager est plus important que le message : étude expérimentale en Afrique francophone sur l'utilisation des connaissances », TUC : Revue Francophone de Recherche sur le Transfert et l'Utilisation des Connaissances, 6 (3). DOI : 10.18166/tuc.2022.6.3.26. https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03777820.

Résumé : Contexte : Les injustices épistémiques sont de plus en plus décriées dans le domaine de la santé mondiale. Cette étude vise à déterminer si la source des connaissances influence la perception de ces connaissances et la volonté de les utiliser. Méthodes : L’étude suit un devis expérimental randomisé dans lequel les participant·es ont été assigné·es au hasard à l'une des sept notes de politique conçues avec le même contenu scientifique, mais avec différentes organisations présentées comme autrices. Chaque organisation était représentative d'une autorité financière, scientifique ou morale. Pour chaque type d'autorité, deux organisations étaient proposées : l'une nord-américaine ou européenne, l'autre africaine. Résultats : Les résultats montrent que le type d’autorité et la localisation des organisations autrices ne sont pas significativement associés à la qualité perçue et à l’utilisation instrumentale déclarée. Toutefois, des interactions entre le type d’autorité et la localisation étaient significatives. Ainsi, les analyses stratifiées ont mis en évidence que pour la qualité perçue, les notes de politique signées par l'organisme bailleur (autorité financière) africain obtenaient de meilleurs scores que les notes de politique signées par l’organisme bailleur nord-américain/européen. Tant pour la qualité perçue que pour l'utilisation instrumentale déclarée, ces analyses stratifiées ont révélé que les notes de politique signées par l'université africaine (autorité scientifique) étaient associées à des scores plus faibles que les notes de politique signées par l'université nord-américaine/européenne. Interprétation : Les résultats confirment l'influence significative des sources sur la perception des connaissances en santé mondiale et rappellent l’intersectionnalité de l’influence des sources d’autorité. Cette analyse nous permet à la fois d'en apprendre davantage sur les organisations qui dominent la scène de la gouvernance mondiale en santé et de réfléchir aux implications pour les pratiques d'application des connaissances.

Full Text PDF 1.1 Mio (source)

Fillol Amandine, McSween-Cadieux Esther, Ventelou Bruno, Larose Marie-Pier, Kanguem Ulrich Boris Nguemdjo, Kadio Kadidiatou, Dagenais Christian et Ridde Valéry (2022) « When the messenger is more important than the message: an experimental study of evidence use in francophone Africa », Health Research Policy and Systems, 20 (1) (mai 26), p. 57. DOI : 10.1186/s12961-022-00854-x. https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12961-022-00854-x.

Résumé : Abstract Background Epistemic injustices are increasingly decried in global health. This study aims to investigate whether the source of knowledge influences the perception of that knowledge and the willingness to use it in francophone African health policy-making context. Methods The study followed a randomized experimental design in which participants were randomly assigned to one of seven policy briefs that were designed with the same scientific content but with different organizations presented as authors. Each organization was representative of financial, scientific or moral authority. For each type of authority, two organizations were proposed: one North American or European, and the other African. Results The initial models showed that there was no significant association between the type of authority or the location of the authoring organization and the two outcomes (perceived quality and reported instrumental use). Stratified analyses highlighted that policy briefs signed by the African donor organization (financial authority) were perceived to be of higher quality than policy briefs signed by the North American/European donor organization. For both perceived quality and reported instrumental use, these analyses found that policy briefs signed by the African university (scientific authority) were associated with lower scores than policy briefs signed by the North American/European university. Conclusions The results confirm the significant influence of sources on perceived global health knowledge and the intersectionality of sources of influence. This analysis allows us to learn more about organizations in global health leadership, and to reflect on the implications for knowledge translation practices. , Résumé Contexte Les injustices épistémiques sont de plus en plus décriées dans le domaine de la santé mondiale. Cette étude vise à déterminer si la source des connaissances influence la perception de ces connaissances et la volonté de les utiliser. Méthodes L’étude suit un devis expérimental randomisé dans lequel les participant·es ont été assigné·es au hasard à l'une des sept notes politiques conçues avec le même contenu scientifique, mais avec différentes organisations présentées comme autrices. Chaque organisation était représentative d'une autorité financière, scientifique ou morale. Pour chaque type d'autorité, deux organisations étaient proposées : l'une nord-américaine ou européenne, l'autre africaine. Résultats Les résultats montrent que le type d’autorité et la localisation des organisations autrices ne sont pas significativement associés à la qualité perçue et à l’utilisation instrumentale déclarée. Toutefois, des interactions entre le type d’autorité et la localisation étaient significatives. Ainsi, les analyses stratifiées ont mis en évidence que pour la qualité perçue, les notes de politique signées par l'organisme bailleur (autorité financière) africain obtenaient de meilleurs scores que les notes de politique signées par l’organisme bailleur nord-américain / européen. Tant pour la qualité perçue que pour l'utilisation instrumentale déclarée, ces analyses stratifiées ont révélé que les notes de politique signées par l'université africaine (autorité scientifique) étaient associées à des scores plus faibles que les notes de politique signées par l'université nord-américaine/européenne. Interprétation Les résultats confirment l'influence significative des sources sur la perception des connaissances en santé mondiale et rappellent l’intersectionnalité de l’influence des sources d’autorité. Cette analyse nous permet à la fois d'en apprendre davantage sur les organisations qui dominent la scène de la gouvernance mondiale en santé et de réfléchir aux implications pour les pratiques d'application des connaissances.

Floersheim Charlotte (2022) « Quand la relation donne une direction », Anthropologie & Santé. Revue internationale francophone d'anthropologie de la santé, 24 bis (hors-série) (mai 15). DOI : 10.4000/anthropologiesante.11029. https://journals.openedition.org/anthropologiesante/11029.

Résumé : Rencontre Femmes Plus, planning familial, Marseille Milieu des années 2010, un printemps ou un automne, je ne sais plus, je participe à l’organisation d’une des journées du collectif inter-associatif marseillais, Femmes Plus. Le temps d’un samedi, sans enfant, environ quatre fois par an, ce collectif réunit des femmes séropositives de la région. Ces journées mélangent temps de réflexion, ateliers autour de la maladie, du bien-être, de la vie avec le VIH. Elles se déroulent à Marseille dans le...

Floersheim Charlotte, Musso Sandrine, Eubanks August, Douine Maylis, Spire Bruno, Sagaon-Teyssier Luis, Parriault Marie Claire, Girard Gabriel et Mosnier Emilie (2022) « What can lead to late diagnosis of HIV in an illegal gold mining environment? A qualitative study at the French Guiana’s border with Brazil », BMJ Open, 12 (9) (septembre 1), p. e061237. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061237. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/9/e061237.

Résumé : Objective The present study aimed to understand what factors can lead to late HIV diagnosis of illegal gold miners at French Guiana’s border with Brazil. Design An exploratory qualitative study with in-depth interviews and observations was conducted between November 2019 and February 2020. Setting The study was conducted in the main medical healthcare service and two non-governmental organisation premises in the Oyapock border region, which is a supply area for illegal gold mining sites. Participants Fifteen people living with HIV diagnosed with CD4 count <350 cells 106/L were interviewed. Seven women and eight men participated; they were between 31 and 79 years old, and the median time since HIV diagnosis was 6 years. Eight had links to illegal gold mining. Findings Three key themes for late HIV diagnosis emerged: (1) the presence of economic and political structural factors which constitute risks for this illegal activity, specifically the repression of gold mining sites by French Armed Forces and the distance from healthcare facilities; (2) representations of the body and health, related to the living conditions of this population; prioritisation of health emergencies and long-term self-medication; and (3) gender roles shaping masculinity and heterosexuality contributing to a perception of not being at risk of HIV and delaying testing. Conclusion This study highlights structural, group-based and individual factors that reduce access to HIV testing and healthcare in general for a population of migrant workers in an illegal gold mining area. Faced with harsh living conditions and state repression, these workers develop a vision of health which prioritises the functionality of the body. Associated with gender roles which are partly shaped both by the mining activity and its geographical location, this vision can lead to late HIV diagnosis.

Mots-clés : Epidemiology, HIV & AIDS, Public health.

Fotso Arlette Simo, Johnson Cheryl, Vautier Anthony, Kouame Konan Blaise, Diop Papa Moussa, Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Rouveau Nicolas, Doumenc-Aidara Clemence, Baggaley Rachel, Ehui Eboi, Larmarange Joseph et Team Atlas (2022) Using routine programmatic data to estimate the population-level impacts of HIV self-testing: The example of the ATLAS program in Cote d'Ivoire, medRxiv, 2022.02.08.22270670 p. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.08.22270670v1.

Résumé : Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended by the World Health Organization as an additional HIV testing approach. Since 2019, it has been implemented in Cote d'Ivoire through the ATLAS project, including primary and secondary distribution channels. While the discreet and flexible nature of HIVST makes it appealing for users, it also makes the monitoring and estimation of the population-level programmatic impact of HIVST programs challenging. We used routinely collected data to estimate the effects of ATLAS HIVST distribution on access to testing, conventional testing (self-testing excluded), diagnoses, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiations in Cote d'Ivoire. Methods We used the ATLAS project's programmatic data between the third quarter (Q) of 2019 (Q3 2019) and Q1 2021, in addition to routine HIV testing services program data obtained from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief dashboard. We performed ecological time series regression using linear mixed models. Findings The results are presented for 1000 HIVST kits distributed through ATLAS. They show a negative but nonsignificant effect of the number of ATLAS HIVST on conventional testing uptake (-190 conventional tests [95% CI: -427 to 37, p=0.10]). We estimated that for 1000 additional HIVST distributed through ATLAS, +590 [95% CI: 357 to 821, p<0.001] additional individuals have accessed HIV testing, assuming an 80% HIVST utilization rate (UR) and +390 [95% CI: 161 to 625, p<0.001] assuming a 60% UR. The statistical relationship between the number of HIVST and HIV diagnoses was significant and positive (+8 diagnosis [95% CI: 0 to 15, p=0.044]). No effect was observed on ART initiation (-2 ART initiations [95% CI: -8 to 5, p=0.66]). Interpretations Social network-based HIVST distribution had a positive impact on access to HIV testing and diagnoses in Cote d'Ivoire. This approach offers a promising way for countries to assess the impact of HIVST programs. Funding Unitaid 2018-23-ATLAS

Snapshot (source)

Full Text PDF 1.7 Mio (source)

Fotso Arlette Simo, Johnson Cheryl, Vautier Anthony, Kouamé Konan Blaise, Diop Papa Moussa, Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Rouveau Nicolas, Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence, Baggaley Rachel, Ehui Eboi, Larmarange Joseph et Team the ATLAS (2022) « Using routine programmatic data to estimate the population-level impacts of HIV self-testing: The example of the ATLAS program in Cote d’Ivoire », medRxiv. DOI : 10.1101/2022.02.08.22270670. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.08.22270670v1.

Résumé : Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended by the World Health Organization as an additional HIV testing approach. Since 2019, it has been implemented in Côte d’Ivoire through the ATLAS project, including primary and secondary distribution channels. While the discreet and flexible nature of HIVST makes it appealing for users, it also makes the monitoring and estimation of the population-level programmatic impact of HIVST programs challenging. We used routinely collected data to estimate the effects of ATLAS’ HIVST distribution on access to testing, conventional testing (self-testing excluded), diagnoses, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiations in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods We used the ATLAS project’s programmatic data between the third quarter (Q) of 2019 (Q3 2019) and Q1 2021, in addition to routine HIV testing services program data obtained from the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief dashboard. We performed ecological time series regression using linear mixed models. Findings The results are presented for 1000 HIVST kits distributed through ATLAS. They show a negative but nonsignificant effect of the number of ATLAS HIVST on conventional testing uptake (−190 conventional tests [95% CI: −427 to 37, p=0·10]). We estimated that for 1000 additional HIVST distributed through ATLAS, +590 [95% CI: 357 to 821, p<0·001] additional individuals have accessed HIV testing, assuming an 80% HIVST utilization rate (UR) and +390 [95% CI: 161 to 625, p<0·001] assuming a 60% UR. The statistical relationship between the number of HIVST and HIV diagnoses was significant and positive (+8 diagnosis [95% CI: 0 to 15, p=0·044]). No effect was observed on ART initiation (−2 ART initiations [95% CI: −8 to 5, p=0·66]). Interpretations Social network-based HIVST distribution had a positive impact on access to HIV testing and diagnoses in Cote d’Ivoire. This approach offers a promising way for countries to assess the impact of HIVST programs. Funding Unitaid 2018-23-ATLAS Evidence before this study We searched PubMed between November 9 and 12, 2021, for studies assessing the impact of HIVST on HIV testing, ‘conventional’ testing, HIV diagnoses and ART initiation. We searched published data using the terms “HIV self-testing” and “HIV testing”; “HIV self-testing” and “traditional HIV testing” or “conventional testing”; “HIV self-testing” and “diagnosis” or “positive results”; and “HIV self-testing” and “ART initiation” or “Antiretroviral treatment”. Articles with abstracts were reviewed. No time or language restriction was applied. Most studies were individual-based randomized controlled trials involving data collection and some form of HIVST tracking; no studies were conducted at the population level, none were conducted in western Africa and most focused on subgroups of the population or key populations. While most studies found a positive effect of HIVST on HIV testing, evidence was mixed regarding the effect on conventional testing, diagnoses, and ART initiation.Added value of this study HIVST can empower individuals by allowing them to choose when, where and whether to test and with whom to share their results and can reach hidden populations who are not accessing existing services. Inherent to HIVST is that there is no automatic tracking of test results and linkages at the individual level. Without systematic and direct feedback to program implementers regarding the use and results of HIVST, it is difficult to estimate the impact of HIVST distribution at the population level. Such estimates are crucial for national AIDS programs. This paper proposed a way to overcome this challenge and used routinely collected programmatic data to indirectly estimate and assess the impacts of HIVST distribution in Côte d’Ivoire.Implications of all the available evidence Our results showed that HIVST increased the overall HIV testing uptake and diagnoses in Côte d’Ivoire without significantly reducing conventional HIV testing uptake. We demonstrated that routinely collected programmatic data could be used to estimate the effects of HIVST kit distribution outside a trial environment. The methodology used in this paper could be replicated and implemented in different settings and enable more countries to routinely evaluate HIVST programming at the population level.

Snapshot (source)

Full Text PDF 1.7 Mio (source)

Gagnon-Dufresne Marie-Catherine, Gautier Lara, Beaujoin Camille, Lamothe Ashley Savard, Mikanagu Rachel, Cloos Patrick, Ridde Valéry et Zinszer Kate (2022) « Considering social inequalities in health in large-scale testing for COVID-19 in Montréal: a qualitative case study », BMC Public Health, 22 (1), p. 749. DOI : 10.1186/s12889-022-13163-3. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-13163-3.

Résumé : Abstract Background Evidence continues to demonstrate that certain marginalised populations are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. While many studies document the impacts of COVID-19 on social inequalities in health, none has examined how public health responses to the pandemic have unfolded to address these inequities in Canada. The purpose of our study was to assess how social inequalities in health were considered in the design and planning of large-scale COVID-19 testing programs in Montréal (Québec, Canada). Methods Part of the multicountry study HoSPiCOVID, this article reports on a qualitative case study of large-scale testing for COVID-19 in Montréal. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 stakeholders involved in planning large-scale testing or working with vulnerable populations during the pandemic. We developed interview guides and a codebook using existing literature on policy design and planning, and analysed data deductively and inductively using thematic analysis in NVivo. Results Our findings suggest that large-scale COVID-19 testing in Montréal did not initially consider social inequalities in health in its design and planning phases. Considering the sense of urgency brought by the pandemic, participants noted the challenges linked to the uptake of an intersectoral approach and of a unified vision of social inequalities in health. However, adaptations were gradually made to large-scale testing to improve its accessibility, acceptability, and availability. Actors from the community sector, among others, played an important role in supporting the health sector to address the needs of specific subgroups of the population. Conclusions These findings contribute to the reflections on the lessons learned from COVID-19, highlighting that public health programs must tackle structural barriers to accessing healthcare services during health crises. This will be necessary to ensure that pandemic preparedness and response, including large-scale testing, do not further increase social inequalities in health.

Texte intégral 1.3 Mio (source)

Gallardo Lucille, Gautier Lara, Chabrol Fanny, Traverson Lola, Oliveira Sydia et Ridde Valery (2022) « Consulting firms in the public management of epidemics. A scoping-review protocol », protocols.io. DOI : 10.17504/protocols.io.b4haqt2e. https://www.protocols.io/view/consulting-firms-in-the-public-management-of-epide-b4haqt2e.

Résumé : The aim of this scoping review is to produce a state of knowledge about the role of private consulting firms in the public management of epidemics. The review will also identify...

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Gallardo et al. - 2022 - Consulting firms in the public management of epide.pdf 464.5 kio

Gautier Lara, Borgès Da Silva Roxane, Faye Adama et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Patient‐ and community‐centered approaches as the cornerstone of health services evaluation in the 21st century », The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 37 (S1), p. 4-7. DOI : 10.1002/hpm.3568. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hpm.3568.

Snapshot (source)

Gautier Lara, Nguengang Wakap Stéphanie, Verrier Florian, da Silva Miranda Érica, Négré Victoria, Hamza Jalel, Poveda Juan-Diego et Bouchon Magali (2022) « Responding to Increasing Health and Social Needs of Unprotected Unaccompanied Minors in Paris in the Context of COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Case Study », Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies (janvier 19), p. 1-20. DOI : 10.1080/15562948.2022.2027057. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15562948.2022.2027057.

Résumé : Unaccompanied minors (UMs) are children under the age of 18 who settle in a foreign country without a legal representative. In France, many UMs are left unprotected from child welfare services because assessment systems evaluate that they are not minors. In Paris, the non-governmental organization Médecins du Monde (MdM) offers unprotected UMs medical, psychological, and social care. In March 2020, the lockdown policy to contain COVID-19 constrained MdM to adapt its care provision model. This case study sought to answer the following question: how did volunteers and employees of MdM respond to the social and health needs of unprotected UMs during the spring 2020 lockdown in Paris? We analyzed a cohort of 58 UMs for eight weeks of lockdown using secondary quantitative data. We further explored the UMs’ needs and the experience of phone consultations, through 15 interviews with MdM’s program volunteers and employees. Time series showed a steady increase in UMs’ needs. The program’s adapted care provision likely contributed to reducing UMs’ feeling of isolation. It also had several negative consequences for unprotected UMs, volunteers, employees, and Médecins du Monde’s institution. This study highlights the role of non-governmental organizations in providing a particularly vulnerable migrant population – unprotected UMs – care and support, despite operational challenges in crisis times.

Mots-clés : care provision, COVID-19 pandemic, France, mixed methods study, Unaccompanied Minors.

Gosselin Anne (2022) « Les inégalités intergénérationnelles à travers le prisme du statut migratoire », in Jeunesses. D'une crise à l'autre. (Amsellem-Mainguy et Lardeux eds.), première, Paris : Presses de Sciences Po, p. 192. (Collection académique). ISBN : 978-2-7246-3855-4.

Gosselin Anne, Malroux Inès, Desprat Diane, Devetter François-Xavier, Memmi Sarah, Pannetier Julie, Valat Emmanuel et Melchior Maria (2022) « Prévalence des risques psychosociaux au travail et santé mentale parmi les immigrés et descendants d’immigrés : résultats de l’enquête nationale Conditions de Travail-Risques psychosociaux 2016 », Bull Epidémiol Hebd, 7, p. 141-9. http://beh.santepubliquefrance.fr/beh/2022/7/2022_7_2.html.

Résumé : Objectifs – Peu d’études se sont penchées sur les risques psychosociaux parmi les immigrés et les descendants d’immigrés et leur association avec la santé mentale. Notre étude a pour objectif : 1) de décrire la prévalence de deux indicateurs qui recouvrent les dimensions d’exigence psychologique, de latitude décisionnelle et d’isolement au travail : le job strain (tension au travail : faible latitude/forte demande) et l’iso-strain (combinaison d’une situation de job strain et d’un faible soutien social) selon le statut migratoire et modéliser la probabilité d’être exposé ; 2) vérifier que les associations entre le job strain, l’iso-strain et l’anxiété sont similaires pour tous les groupes (immigrés, descendants d’immigrés). Méthodes – Nous avons utilisé l’enquête nationale transversale Conditions de Travail-Risques Psychosociaux 2016 (N=24 640). L’anxiété a été mesurée par le score GAD-Mini, outil diagnostique pour repérer le trouble anxieux généralisé. Les prévalences du job strain et de l’iso-strain ont été décrites selon le statut migratoire et le sexe. Des régressions de Poisson ont été utilisées pour modéliser la probabilité d’être exposé au job strain et à l’iso-strain. La prévalence de l’anxiété a été ensuite décrite selon le statut migratoire et le sexe. Dans chaque groupe de population, nous modélisons la probabilité de l’anxiété en fonction des caractéristiques sociodémographiques, des antécédents de santé mentale et de l’expérience du job strain ou de l’iso-strain. Résultats – Les prévalences de risques psychosociaux varient fortement selon le statut migratoire, avec des immigrés plus exposés que la population majoritaire (ni immigrée, ni descendante d’immigrés). Après ajustement, être un immigré d’Afrique reste associé au job strain (ratio incidence risque ajusté : IRRa=1,21 ; IC95%: [0,99-1,47]), et être un descendant d’immigré d’Afrique à l’iso-strain (IRRa=1,33 [1,05-1,69]). La prévalence de l’anxiété était particulièrement haute parmi les descendants d’immigrés d’Afrique (12%). Dans cette population, le job strain et l’iso-strain étaient associés à l’anxiété (IRRa job strain=2,70 [1,22-6,01] ; IRRa iso-strain=4,26 [2,29-7,92]). Conclusion – Dans la lignée des travaux internationaux, notre étude montre que les immigrés et descendants d’immigrés sont particulièrement exposés au job strain et à l’iso-strain, ce qui pourrait contribuer à détériorer leur santé mentale.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Gosselin Anne, Warszawski Josiane, Bajos Nathalie et for the EpiCov Study Group (2022) « Higher risk, higher protection. COVID-19 risk among immigrants in France: results from the population-based EpiCov survey », European Journal of Public Health (avril 27), p. ckac046. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckac046. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac046.

Résumé : Immigrants and ethnic/racialized minorities have been identified as being at higher risk of COVID-19 infection, but few studies report on their exposures and prevention behaviours. This study aims to examine the social distribution of COVID-19 exposure (overcrowding, working outside the home, use of public transport to go to work) and prevention behaviours (use of face masks, washing hands, respect for physical distance) in France during the first wave of the epidemic.We used the EpiCov population-based survey from a random sample of individuals aged 15 years or more. We determined the distribution of the self-reported outcomes according to migratory status and sex, using chi2 tests. We modelled the probability of outcomes with logistic regression. Finally, we focused the analysis on the Greater Paris area and accounted for neighbourhood characteristics.A total of 111,824 participants were included in the study. Overall, immigrant groups from non-European countries were more exposed to COVID-19-related factors and more respectful of prevention measures. The probability of overcrowding and the use of public transport was higher for immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa (aOR=3.71 [3.19;4.32], aOR=6.36 [4.86; 8.32]) than for the majority population. Immigrant groups were less likely to have a non-systematic use of face masks and to breach physical distancing than the majority population (for immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, aOR=0.32 [0.28; 0.37] and aOR=0.71 [0.61; 0.81], respectively). Living in a neighbourhood with a higher share of immigrants was associated with higher exposure and better prevention behaviours.In France, immigrants had a higher exposure to COVID-19-related factors and more systematic prevention behaviours.

Goudiaby Jean-Alain et Pilon Marc (2022) « La progression de l'enseignement supérieur au Sénégal : des inégalités persistantes », Mondes en Développement, 197, p. 59. DOI : 10.3917/med.197.0063. https://hal.science/hal-03780643.

Résumé : À l'instar de nombreux autres pays d'Afrique subsaharienne, le Sénégal connaît depuis les années 2000 une très forte croissance de sa population étudiante, mais avec des niveaux de fréquentation du supérieur demeurant encore très faibles. Sur la base de sources de données existantes (statistiques et qualitatives), le texte propose de faire un point sur l'évolution des politiques éducatives, le développement de l'offre (publique et privée) et de la fréquentation du supérieur. Si le développement de l'offre de formation s'est globalement accru, les inégalités régionales demeurent marquées, et différentes selon le sexe. Et si la scolarisation des filles dans le supérieur a progressé, elle reste encore bien inférieure à celle des garçons.

Snapshot (source)

Guilmoto Christophe Z (2022) « What can Europe’s history of gender bias tell us about Asia’s contemporary experience? », The History of the Family, 27 (4) (octobre 2), p. 801-813. DOI : 10.1080/1081602X.2022.2124302. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1081602X.2022.2124302.

Guilmoto Christophe Z. (2022) « An alternative estimation of the death toll of the Covid-19 pandemic in India », éd. par Bernardo Lanza Queiroz, PLOS ONE, 17 (2) (février 16), p. e0263187. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0263187. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263187.

Résumé : The absence of reliable registration of Covid-19 deaths in India has prevented proper assessment and monitoring of the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, India’s relatively young age structure tends to conceal the severity of Covid-19 mortality, which is concentrated in older age groups. In this paper, we present four different demographic samples of Indian populations for which we have information on both their demographic structures and death outcomes. We show that we can model the age distribution of Covid-19 mortality in India and use this modeling to estimate Covid-19 mortality in the country. Our findings point to a death toll of approximately 3.2–3.7 million persons by early November 2021. Once India’s age structure is factored in, these figures correspond to one of the most severe cases of Covid-19 mortality in the world. India has recorded after February 2021 the second outbreak of coronavirus that has affected the entire country. The accuracy of official statistics of Covid-19 mortality has been questioned, and the real number of Covid-19 deaths is thought to be several times higher than reported. In this paper, we assembled four independent population samples to model and estimate the level of Covid-19 mortality in India. We first used a population sample with the age and sex of Covid-19 victims to develop a Gompertz model of Covid-19 mortality in India. We applied and adjusted this mortality model on two other national population samples after factoring in the demographic characteristics of these samples. We finally derive from these samples the most reasonable estimate of Covid-19 mortality level in India and confirm this result using a fourth population sample. Our findings point to a death toll of about 3.2–3.7 million persons by late May 2021. This is by far the largest number of Covid-19 deaths in the world. Once standardized for age and sex structure, India’s Covid-19 mortality rate is above Brazil and the USA. Our analysis shows that existing population samples allow an alternative estimation of deaths due to Covid-19 in India. The results imply that only one out of 7–8 deaths appear to have been recorded as a Covid-19 death in India. The estimates also point to a very high Covid-19 mortality rate, which is even higher after age and sex standardization. The magnitude of the pandemic in India requires immediate attention. In the absence of effective remedies, this calls for a strong response based on a combination of non-pharmaceutical interventions and the scale-up of vaccination to make them accessible to all, with an improved surveillance system to monitor the progression of the pandemic and its spread across India’s regions and social groups.

Guzmán Rosas Susana Carolina (2022) « La institucionalización científica de los saberes tradicionales sobre plantas medicinales en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México », Revista de Antropología y Sociología : Virajes, 24 (2) (juillet 1), p. 164-191. DOI : 10.17151/rasv.2022.24.2.9. https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/virajes/article/view/7256.

Résumé : Este trabajo analiza la valorización de saberes tradicionales sobre plantas medicinales en el espacio académico-científico mexicano, focalizando suinstitucionalización en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Así, considerando que la figura de una tesis, y su propuesta, constituye un instrumento de movilización de saberes, se identificaron y caracterizaron los trabajos realizados a este respecto en la UNAM durante las décadas1900-2010, complementando los datos mediante investigación documental y entrevistas con actores clave. Encontrando que durante la década de 1970el interés por el estudio de las plantas medicinales irrumpió abruptamente en el espacio académico-científico de la UNAM, manteniendo una tendencia creciente hasta nuestros días, configurándose paulatinamente como un objeto de estudio válido, aperturando nuevas líneas de investigacióny configurando un nuevo campo de conocimiento: la etnobotánica médica. No obstante, este nuevo campo emerge al seno de otros campos, desde loscuales aún se le aborda y materializa, circulando en una existencia todavía un poco velada.

Texte intégral 1.2 Mio (source)

Guzmán-Rosas Susana Carolina (2022) « Ethnicity as a social determinant of energy poverty: the case of Mexican indigenous population », Local Environment, 27 (9) (septembre 2), p. 1075-1101. DOI : 10.1080/13549839.2022.2100879. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13549839.2022.2100879.

Hagège Meoïn et Pourette Dolorès (2022) « Pratiques autour du cancer du col : regards croisés à partir d’enquêtes qualitatives à La Réunion et à Mayotte » (communication orale), présenté à ONCOTOM. 11ème Congrès de cancérologie des départements & régions d’outre-mer, La Saline, La Réunion.

Hanafi S. et Arvanitis Rigas (2022) « Smoothing the waters : science and research collaboration between China and the Arab world », p. 162. DOI : 10.1163/9789004510005_010. https://hal.science/hal-03675232.

Mots-clés : ⚠️ Invalid DOI.

Snapshot (source)

Hassambay Roukhaya, Bennis Fatem-Zahra, Rwegera Bernadette et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2022) « L’approche communautaire en santé : un levier de protection des personnes vulnérables en temps de crise sanitaire ? », Les tribunes de la santé, 72, p. 83-92. DOI : 10.3917/seve1.072.0083.

Résumé : Depuis ses débuts, la pandémie de Covid-19 exacerbe les inégalités sociales de santé, définies par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) comme des différences systémiques sur le plan de la santé qui découlent des déterminants sociaux, exposant ainsi les populations les plus vulnérables à des risques de fragilisation et de paupérisation. Face à cela, le secteur associatif peut être un acteur clé et un pilier de la résilience de ces populations, grâce à son approche communautaire et sociale. Nous proposons dans cet article d’interroger l’apport de cette approche en temps de crise sanitaire en tant que levier d’action efficace pour protéger les populations vulnérables des effets de l’épidémie, à partir d’une étude de cas : l’association Ikambere, située en Île-de-France à Saint-Denis. Après avoir parcouru les bases théoriques et conceptuelles de l’approche communautaire en santé, cet article se propose d’analyser comment l’accompagnement proposé par Ikambere aux femmes vulnérables a favorisé leur montée en connaissances et en résilience pour se relever de la crise. Il conclut en soulignant l’importance de mieux inscrire l’approche communautaire comme un élément à part entière de la stratégie de santé publique pour lutter de façon plus pérenne et efficace contre les inégalités sociales de santé.

Publications des membres du Ceped

2022

Flux

Outils internes