Références bibliographiques

Atlani-Duault Laetitia et Delattre François (2016) « Is Aleppo the grave of the United Nations? », The Lancet, 388 (10059) (novembre), p. 2473. DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32122-5. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673616321225.

Atlani-Duault Laëtitia, Dozon Jean-Pierre, Wilson Andrew, Delfraissy Jean-François et Moatti Jean-Paul (2016) « State humanitarian verticalism versus universal health coverage: a century of French international health assistance revisite », The Lancet, 387 (10034) (mai 28), p. 2250-2262. DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00379-2. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673616003792.

Résumé : The French contribution to global public health over the past two centuries has been marked by a fundamental tension between two approaches: State-provided universal free health care and what we propose to call State humanitarian verticalism. Both approaches have historical roots in French colonialism and have led to successes and failures that continue until the present day. In this paper, the second in The Lancet's Series on France, we look at how this tension has evolved. During the French colonial period (1890s to 1950s), the Indigenous Medical Assistance structure was supposed to bring metropolitan France's model of universal and free public health care to the colonies, and French State imperial humanitarianism crystallised in vertical programmes inspired by Louis Pasteur, while vying with early private humanitarian activism in health represented by Albert Schweitzer. From decolonisation to the end of the Cold War (1960–99), French assistance to newly independent states was affected by sans frontièrisme, Health for All, and the AIDS pandemic. Since 2000, France has had an active role in development of global health initiatives and favoured multilateral action for health assistance. Today, with adoption of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the challenges of non-communicable diseases, economic inequality, and climate change, French international health assistance needs new direction. In the context of current debate over global health as a universal goal, understanding and acknowledging France's history could help strengthen advocacy in favour of universal health coverage and contribute to advancing global equity through income redistribution, from healthy populations to people who are sick and from wealthy individuals to those who are poor. • View related content for this article

Bacon Lucie, Clochard Olivier, Honoré Thomas, Lambert Nicolas, Mekdjian Sarah et Rekacewicz Philippe (2016) « Mapping the Migratory Movements », Revue européenne des migrations internationales, 32 (3-4) (décembre 1), p. p. 185a-214a. DOI : 10.4000/remi.8803. http://journals.openedition.org/remi/8803.

Résumé : À partir de diverses réalisations conventionnelles en géographie et/ou artistiques, parmi lesquels des travaux réalisés par les auteurs, cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont la cartographie des migrations internationales a évolué depuis le début des années 1990. La représentation des mouvements migratoires, qui oscille entre des flèches, des mesures de stocks et diverses formes de dessin, soulève autant d’enjeux scientifiques et politiques posés à la cartographie et géographie des migrations. Après un bref rappel des changements qu’a connus la cartographie des flux migratoires, depuis ses origines, au XIXe siècle, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, les auteurs évoquent les principaux défis techniques et épistémologiques que les cartes de flux ou représentant des itinéraires ne cessent de poser. Puis pour terminer, sont présentées de nouvelles formes cartographiques, ayant émergé depuis le début des années 2000, dans les domaines croisés de la science, de l’art et du militantisme. Haut de page Entrées d’index Mots-clés :politiques migratoires, cartographie, itinéraire, flux migratoires, flèche, Union européenne, création artistique Keywords :European Union, cartography, migratory flows, itinerary, arrows, migratory policies, artistic creation Palabras claves :Unión Europea, políticas migratorias, cartografía, flujos migratorios, itinerario, flechas, creación artística Haut de page Plan

Bacon Lucie, Clochard Olivier, Honoré Thomas, Lambert Nicolas, Mekdjian Sarah et Rekacewicz Philippe (2016) « Cartographier les mouvements migratoires », Revue européenne des migrations internationales, 32 (3-4) (décembre 1), p. 185-214. DOI : 10.4000/remi.8249. http://journals.openedition.org/remi/8249.

Résumé : À partir de diverses réalisations conventionnelles en géographie et/ou artistiques, parmi lesquels des travaux réalisés par les auteurs, cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont la cartographie des migrations internationales a évolué depuis le début des années 1990. La représentation des mouvements migratoires, qui oscille entre des flèches, des mesures de stocks et diverses formes de dessin, soulève autant d’enjeux scientifiques et politiques posés à la cartographie et géographie des migrations. Après un bref rappel des changements qu’a connus la cartographie des flux migratoires, depuis ses origines, au XIXe siècle, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, les auteurs évoquent les principaux défis techniques et épistémologiques que les cartes de flux ou représentant des itinéraires ne cessent de poser. Puis pour terminer, sont présentées de nouvelles formes cartographiques, ayant émergé depuis le début des années 2000, dans les domaines croisés de la science, de l’art et du militantisme. Haut de page Entrées d’index Mots-clés :politiques migratoires, cartographie, itinéraire, flux migratoires, flèche, Union européenne, création artistique Keywords :European Union, cartography, migratory flows, itinerary, arrows, migratory policies, artistic creation Palabras claves :Unión Europea, políticas migratorias, cartografía, flujos migratorios, itinerario, flechas, creación artística Haut de page Plan

Belaid Loubna, Dumont Alexandre, Chaillet N., Zertal A., De Brouwere Vincent, Hounton S. et Ridde Valéry (2016) « Effectiveness of demand generation interventions on use of modern contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries », Tropical Medicine and International Health, 21 (10), p. 1240-1254. DOI : 10.1111/tmi.12758.

Résumé : OBJECTIVES To synthesise evidence on the implementation, costs and cost-effectiveness of demand generation interventions and their effectiveness in improving uptake of modern contraception methods. METHODS A Cochrane systematic review was conducted. Searches were performed in electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) and the grey literature. Randomised controlled trials, cluster randomised trials and quasi-experimental studies, including controlled before-after studies (CBAs) and cost and cost-effectiveness studies that aimed to assess demand interventions (including community-and facility-based interventions, financial mechanisms and mass media campaigns) in low-and middle-income countries were considered. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were conducted. RESULTS In total, 20 papers meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Of those, 13 were used for meta-analysis. Few data were available on implementation and on the influence of context on demand interventions. Involving family members during counselling, providing education activities and increasing exposure to those activities could enhance the success of demand interventions. Demand generation interventions were positively associated with increases in current use (pooled OR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.46-1.69, P < 0.01). Financial mechanism interventions (vouchers) appeared effective to increase use of modern contraceptive methods (pooled OR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.91-2.45, P < 0.01; I-2 = 0%). Demand interventions improved knowledge (pooled OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.63-1.64, P = 0.93) and attitudes towards family planning and improved discussion with partners/husbands around modern contraceptive methods. However, given the limited number of studies included in each category of demand generation interventions, the dates of publication of the studies and their low quality, caution is advised in considering the results. Very limited evidence was available on costs; studies including data on costs were old and inconsistent. CONCLUSION Demand generation interventions contribute to increases in modern contraceptive methods use. However, more studies with robust designs are needed to identify the most effective demand generation intervention to increase uptake of modern contraceptive methods. More evidence is also needed about implementation, costs and cost-effectiveness to inform decisions on sustainability and scaling-up.

Mots-clés : CONTRACEPTION, demand intervention, effectiveness costs, Family Planning, low- and middle-income countries, Systematic review.

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2016) « Should the Egyptian Constitution be Amended to Increase Presidential Powers? », Presidential Power (mars 14). http://presidential-power.com/?p=4581.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2016) « Ce que dit la nouvelle loi sur la construction des églises en Egypte » (octobre). http://www.oasiscenter.eu/fr/articles/chr%C3%A9tiens-dans-le-monde-musulman/2016/10/19/egypte-nouvelle-loi-construction-eglises.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Boko Inés, Baxerres Carine, Ouattara Fatoumata et Guillaume Agnès (2016) « Interroger au Bénin les usages populaires d’un médicament abortif, le misoprostol », Revue de médecine périnatale (décembre 19), p. 1-5. DOI : 10.1007/s12611-016-0388-2. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12611-016-0388-2.

Bougma Moussa, Lange Marie-France, Legrand Thomas K. et Kobiane Jean-François (2016) « Stratégies reproductives à Ouagadougou : le rôle de la scolarisation des enfants », Autrepart, n° 74-75, p. 23-46. DOI : 10.3917/autr.074.0023.

Boulay Sébastien (2016) « 'Returnees' and political poetry in Western Sahara: defamation, deterrence and mobilisation on the web and mobile phones », The Journal of North African Studies, p. 1-20. DOI : 10.1080/13629387.2016.1185942.

Résumé : This paper explores the relationships between literature, migration and politics in Western Sahara, in a context of a four-decade decolonisation conflict. Since a few years, some Polisario Front personalities have been rallying the Moroccan ‘side’ and have aroused the production and circulation, on the web and the mobile phones, of a new kind of satirical poetry targeting these ‘ralliés’ considered as betrayers of the independence cause. This sensitive literature, whether funny or violent, rare but successful, amuse and disturb Sahrawi audiences, provokes poetic responses, create new debate opportunities and allow social sciences to better understand how politicians from both parties try to exploit and/or control population movements in that area and how people live and manoeuvre around these policies.

Mots-clés : betrayal, literature, migration, New Media, Politics, Western Sahara.

Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays et Onori Daria (2016) « Financial openness, aggregate consumption and threshold effects », Pacific Economic Review, 21 (3), p. 358-380. DOI : 10.1111/1468-0106.12178. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-0106.12178.

Résumé : We analyse the influence of financial openness on the level of aggregate consumption, a research question that has been left surprisingly unexplored by the previous literature. We construct a complete and balanced panel data set of 88 countries for the period 1980–2010, and then differentiate between four groups of countries. Models for non-stationary heterogeneous panels, as well as panel threshold regression models, are used to estimate the determinants of aggregate consumption. The core finding of the paper is that the financial openness effect on consumption changes in the course of economic development, with the level or per capita income acting as a threshold which is consistently estimated within the model. The openness effect is non-homogeneous across groups, stronger for low levels of per capita income and diminishes as income rises. These findings provide new insights into the welfare effect of financial liberalization.<br><small>(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)</small>

Bousmah Marwân-Al-Qays, Ventelou Bruno et Abu-Zaineh Mohammad (2016) « Medicine and democracy: the importance of institutional quality in the relationship between health expenditure and health outcomes in the MENA region », Health Policy, 120 (8) (août), p. 928-935. DOI : 10.1016/j.healthpol.2016.06.005.

Résumé : Evidence suggests that the effect of health expenditure on health outcomes is highly context-specific and may be driven by other factors. We construct a panel dataset of 18 countries from the Middle East and North Africa region for the period 1995-2012. Panel data models are used to estimate the macro-level determinants of health outcomes. The core finding of the paper is that increasing health expenditure leads to health outcomes improvements only to the extent that the quality of institutions within a country is sufficiently high. The sensitivity of the results is assessed using various measures of health outcomes as well as institutional variables. Overall, it appears that increasing health care expenditure in the MENA region is a necessary but not sufficient condition for health outcomes improvements.

Mots-clés : Africa, Northern, Democracy, Health expenditure, Health Expenditures, Health Facilities, Health outcomes, Humans, Institutional quality, Medicine, MENA region, Middle East, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Quality of Health Care.

PubMed entry

Boyer Sylvie, Iwuji Collins, Gosset Andréa, Protopopescu Camelia, Okesola Nonhlanhla, Plazy Mélanie, Spire Bruno, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, McGrath Nuala, Pillay Deenan, Dabis François, Larmarange Joseph et group on behalf of the ANRS 12249 TasP study (2016) « Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment initiation amongst HIV-positive individuals linked to care within a universal test and treat programme: early findings of the ANRS 12249 TasP trial in rural South Africa », AIDS Care, 28 (sup3), p. 39-51. DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2016.1164808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1164808.

Résumé : Prompt uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to ensure the success of universal test and treat (UTT) strategies to prevent HIV transmission in high-prevalence settings. We describe ART initiation rates and associated factors within an ongoing UTT cluster-randomized trial in rural South Africa. HIV-positive individuals were offered immediate ART in the intervention arm vs. national guidelines recommended initiation (CD4≤350 cells/mm3) in the control arm. We used data collected up to July 2015 among the ART-eligible individuals linked to TasP clinics before January 2015. ART initiation rates at one (M1), three (M3) and six months (M6) from baseline visit were described by cluster and CD4 count strata (cells/mm3) and other eligibility criteria: ≤100; 100–200; 200–350; CD4>350 with WHO stage 3/4 or pregnancy; CD4>350 without WHO stage 3/4 or pregnancy. A Cox model accounting for covariate effect changes over time was used to assess factors associated with ART initiation. The 514 participants had a median [interquartile range] follow-up duration of 1.08 [0.69; 2.07] months until ART initiation or last visit. ART initiation rates at M1 varied substantially (36.9% in the group CD4>350 without WHO stage 3/4 or pregnancy, and 55.2–71.8% in the three groups with CD4≤350) but less at M6 (from 85.3% in the first group to 96.1–98.3% in the three other groups). Factors associated with lower ART initiation at M1 were a higher CD4 count and attending clinics with both high patient load and higher cluster HIV prevalence. After M1, having a regular partner was the only factor associated with higher likelihood of ART initiation. These findings suggest good ART uptake within a UTT setting, even among individuals with high CD4 count. However, inadequate staffing and healthcare professional practices could result in prioritizing ART initiation in patients with the lowest CD4 counts.

Camlin Carol S., Seeley Janet, Viljoen Lario, Vernooij Eva, Simwinga Musonda, Reynolds Lindsey, Reis Ria, Plank Rebeca, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, McGrath Nuala, Larmarange Joseph, Hoddinott Graeme, Getahun Monica, Charlebois Edwin D. et Bond Virginia (2016) « Strengthening universal HIV ‘test-and-treat’ approaches with social science research: », AIDS, 30 (6), p. 969-970. DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001008. http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00002030-201603270-00019.

Cannon Molly, Charyeva Zulfiya, Oguntunde Olugbenga, Sambisa William, Shoretire Kamil et Orobaton Nosa (2016) « A case study of community-based distribution and use of Misoprostol and Chlorhexidine in Sokoto State, Nigeria », Global Public Health (avril 21), p. 1-15. DOI : 10.1080/17441692.2016.1172102. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17441692.2016.1172102.

Chikovore Jeremiah, Gillespie Natasha, McGrath Nuala, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Zuma Thembelihle et Group On Behalf of the ANRS 12249 TasP Study (2016) « Men, masculinity, and engagement with treatment as prevention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa », AIDS Care, 28 (sup3), p. 74-82. DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2016.1178953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1178953.

Résumé : Men’s poorer engagement with healthcare generally and HIV care specifically, compared to women, is well-described. Within the HIV public health domain, interest is growing in universal test and treat (UTT) strategies. UTT strategies refer to the expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in order to reduce onward transmission and incidence of HIV in a population, through a “treatment as prevention” (TasP). This paper focuses on how masculinity influences engagement with HIV care in the context of an on-going TasP trial. Data were collected in January–November 2013 using 20 in-depth interviews, 10 of them repeated thrice, and 4 focus group discussions, each repeated four times. Analysis combined inductive and deductive approaches for coding and the review and consolidation of emerging themes. The accounts detailed men’s unwillingness to engage with HIV testing and care, seemingly tied to their pursuit of valued masculinity constructs such as having strength and control, being sexually competent, and earning income. Articulated through fears regarding getting an HIV-positive diagnosis, observations that men preferred traditional medicine and that primary health centres were not welcoming to men, descriptions that men used lay measures to ascertain HIV status, and insinuations by men that they were removed from HIV risk, the indisposition to HIV care contrasted markedly with an apparent readiness to test among women. Gendered tensions thus emerged which were amplified in the context where valued masculinity representations were constantly threatened. Amid the tensions, men struggled with disclosing their HIV status, and used various strategies to avoid or postpone disclosing, or disclose indirectly, while women’s ability to access care readily, use condoms, or communicate about HIV appeared similarly curtailed. UTT and TasP promotion should heed and incorporate into policy and health service delivery models the intrapersonal tensions, and the conflict, and poor and indirect communication at the micro-relational levels of couples and families.

Compaoré Maxime et Pilon Marc (2016) « Les cours du soir à Ouagadougou et les exclus du droit à l'éducation à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) », Annales de l'Université Ouagadougou, 021, p. 207-228. (Série A Lettres, Sciences Humaines et Sociales).

Résumé : Alors que les pays africains sont encore loin d’atteinte les objectifs de l’Education Pour Tous, un phénomène quasiment ignoré, tant de la part des chercheurs que des décideurs, et pourtant existant depuis plusieurs décennies dans les grands villes africaines, concerne les « cours du soir », qui s’adressent aux populations exclues du droit à l’éducation : enfants, jeunes ou adultes n’ayant jamais été ou n’étant plus scolarisés. Cela est par exemple le cas à Ouagadougou, la capitale du Burkina Faso. Quelle est leur ampleur ? Quels en sont les acteurs ? Comment fonctionnent-ils ? Quels sont les profils des apprenants ? Répondent-ils à leurs besoins ? Dans quelle mesure touchent-ils réellement les populations marginalisées, exclues du droit à l’éduction ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles le présent article tente de répondre, essentiellement à partir des données d’une enquête réalisée en 2003, dont certains résultats pourront être mis en perspective avec, d’une part ceux issus d’une enquête menée vingt ans plus tôt, en 1983, d’autre part ceux d’une enquête plus récente, de 2009.

Mots-clés : alphabétisme, cours du soir, droit à l’éducation, éducation, ENSEIGNEMENT PRIMAIRE, Ouagadougou, politique éducative, ⛔ No DOI found.

Cornu Jean-François et Gérard Etienne (2016) « La formation de l'élite scientifique mexicaine (1950-2010) : un processus sujet aux divisions internationales du marché de la formation », Circulation internationale des connaissances : regards croisés sur la dynamique Nord-Sud, p. 28–47. DOI : 10.3917/csp.019.0028.

Mots-clés : MEXIQUE.

Dah Ter Tiero Elias, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Guiard Schmid Jean-Baptiste, Becquet Renaud et Larmarange Joseph (2016) « Les hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels avec d’autres hommes (HSH) et l’infection à VIH à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso : connaissances, attitudes, pratiques et enquête de séroprévalence », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 64 (4) (septembre), p. 295-300. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2016.02.008. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0398762016302826.

Résumé : Position du problème À l’instar de plusieurs pays africains, la question des rapports sexuels entre hommes au Burkina Faso reste taboue et est parfois cause d’exclusion sociale. Cette population qui est vulnérable face au VIH sida est méconnue, car n’ayant pas souvent fait l’objet d’exploration scientifique. Objectif L’objectif de notre étude était de caractériser les connaissances, attitudes, pratiques sexuelles et d’estimer la séroprévalence du VIH parmi les HSH à Ouagadougou. Méthodes Une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique a été conduite auprès de HSH résidant à Ouagadougou recrutés par la technique de « boule de neige », âgés d’au moins 18 ans et acceptant de participer à l’étude. Les données ont été recueillies par un questionnaire administré en face-à-face par deux enquêteurs formés. Le test de dépistage du VIH a été systématiquement proposé aux enquêtés. Résultats Au total, 142 HSH ont été recrutés durant la période d’étude. L’échantillon était constitué à majorité d’élèves ou d’étudiants (60,8 %), de célibataires (91 %) avec un âge compris entre 18 et 30 ans (96,5 %). Le score médian de connaissance vis-à-vis du VIH était de 8/10. La séroprévalence du VIH était estimée à 8,9 % (4,5–15,4). Conclusion Notre étude confirme la vulnérabilité des HSH de Ouagadougou vis-à-vis du VIH vu la séroprévalence élevée de l’infection par le VIH. Des interventions ciblées de prévention, de prise en charge et de recherche scientifique s’imposent aux autorités afin de pérenniser les acquis nationaux de la lutte contre le VIH sida. AbstractBackground Like many African countries, the issue of sex between men in Burkina Faso remains taboo and sometimes result in social exclusion. This population which is vulnerable to HIV/AIDS is unknown, due to lack of scientific researches. Aim Our study aimed to characterize knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices and to estimate HIV seroprevalence among men having sex with men (MSM) living in Ouagadougou. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to describe and analyze MSM living in Ouagadougou. They were recruited by snowball sampling, aged at least 18 years, and accepted to participate at the study. Data were collected by qualified interviewers through administered questionnaire face to face. HIV test was systematically proposed. Results A total of 142 MSM were recruited during the study period. The sample was mostly composed of students or pupils (60.8%), single men (91%), with age range 18–30 years (96.5%). The HIV knowledge median score was 8/10. HIV seroprevalence was 8.9% (4.5–15.4). Conclusion Our study confirms the vulnerability of MSM living in Ouagadougou about HIV/AIDS given the high rate of HIV seroprevalence. Targeted interventions for prevention, care and scientific research are challenges for the authorities to sustain the achievements of the national fight against HIV and AIDS.

Mots-clés : attitudes, Attitudes et pratiques, Burkina Faso, Connaissances, ésHSH, HIV prevalence, knowledge, MSM, Orientation sexuelle, ouagadougou, practices, Séroprévalence du VIH, sexual orientation.

ScienceDirect Snapshot (source)

de Loenzien Myriam (2016) « Lone Motherhood and its Educational Outcomes for Children in Vietnam », Marriage & Family Review, 52 (1-2) (février 17), p. 162-195. DOI : 10.1080/01494929.2015.1136859. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01494929.2015.1136859.

Résumé : Micro-data from the 2009 Vietnam census indicate that lone mothers represent 11.0% of all women aged 15 to 49 living with at least one of their children (⬚17 years old). Results from logistic regression models show that school enrollment and attainment levels are lower for children of lone mothers than for children living with two parents. This negative effect is observed for children of never married, divorced or separated, and widowed lone mothers as well as for children of women currently married to a migrant not residing in the household provided they are not head of household. This disadvantage may be explained by reduced availability of human, material, and financial resources; restricted agency of the mother; and long-term socioeconomic and demographic processes shaping family relations and migration.

Mots-clés : Census, children, Education, family, household, migration, motherhood, Vietnam.

Debeaudrap Pierre, Pasquier Estelle, Tchoumkeu Alice, Touko Adonis, Essomba Frida, Brus Aude, Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Aderemi Toyin Janet, Hanass-Hancock Jill, Eide Arne Henning, Mont Daniel, Mac-Seing Muriel et Beninguisse Gervais (2016) « HandiVIH—A population-based survey to understand the vulnerability of people with disabilities to HIV and other sexual and reproductive health problems in Cameroon: protocol and methodological considerations », BMJ Open, 6 (2), p. e008934. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008934. http://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008934.

Mots-clés : epidemiology, STATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODS.

Debeaudrap Pierre, Turyakira Eleanor, Nabasumba Carolyn, Tumwebaze Benon, Piola Patrice, Boum Ii Yap et McGready Rose (2016) « Timing of malaria in pregnancy and impact on infant growth and morbidity: a cohort study in Uganda », Malaria Journal, 15 (1), p. 92. DOI : 10.1186/s12936-016-1135-7.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a major cause of fetal growth restriction and low birth weight in endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding of the impact of MiP on infant growth and infant risk of malaria or morbidity is poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of MIP on subsequent infant growth, malaria and morbidity. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2009, 82 % (832/1018) of pregnant women with live-born singletons and ultrasound determined gestational age were enrolled in a prospective cohort with active weekly screening and treatment for malaria. Infants were followed monthly for growth and morbidity and received active monthly screening and treatment for malaria during their first year of life. Multivariate analyses were performed to analyse the association between malaria exposure during pregnancy and infants' growth, malaria infections, diarrhoea episodes and acute respiratory infections. RESULTS: Median time of infant follow-up was 12 months and infants born to a mother who had MiP were at increased risk of impaired height and weight gain (-2.71 cm, 95 % CI -4.17 to -1.25 and -0.42 kg, 95 % CI -0.76 to -0.08 at 12 months for >1 MiP compared to no MiP) and of malaria infection (relative risk 10.42, 95 % CI 2.64-41.10 for infants born to mothers with placental malaria). The risks of infant growth restriction and infant malaria infection were maximal when maternal malaria occurred in the 12 weeks prior to delivery. Recurrent MiP was also associated with acute respiratory infection (RR 1.96, 95 % CI 1.25-3.06) and diarrhoea during infancy (RR 1.93, 95 % CI 1.02-3.66). CONCLUSION: This study shows that despite frequent active screening and prompt treatment of MiP, impaired growth and an increased risk of malaria and non-malaria infections can be observed in the infants. Effective preventive measures in pregnancy remain a research priority. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00495508.

Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Pannetier Julie, Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Le Guen Mireille, Gosselin Anne, Panjo Henri, Bajos Nathalie, Lydie Nathalie, Lert France et Dray-Spira Rosemary (2016) « Is hardship during migration a determinant of HIV infection? Results from the ANRS PARCOURS study of sub-Saharan African migrants in France: », AIDS, 30 (4), p. 645-656. DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000957. http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00002030-201602200-00013.

Résumé : {Objectives: } In Europe, sub-Saharan African migrants are a key population for HIVinfection. We analyse how social hardships during settlement in France shape sexual partnerships and HIV risk. {Design:} PARCOURS is a life-event survey conducted in 2012–2013 in 74 health-care facilities in the Paris region, among three groups of sub-Saharan migrants: 926 receiving HIV care (296 acquired HIV in France), 779 with chronic hepatitis B, and 763 with neither HIV nor hepatitis B (reference group). {Methods:} Hardships (lack of residence permit, economic resources and housing) and sexual partnerships were documented for each year since arrival in France. For each sex, reported sexual partnerships were compared by group and their associations with hardships each year analysed with mixed-effects logistic regression models. Results: Hardships were frequent: more than 40% had lived a year or longer without a residence permit, and more than 20% without stable housing. Most of the migrants had nonstable and concurrent partnerships, more frequent among those who acquired HIV in France compared with reference group, as were casual partnerships among men (76.7 vs. 54.2%; P¼0.004) and women (52.4 vs. 30.5%; P¼0.02), concurrent partnerships among men (69.9 vs. 45.8%; P¼0.02), and transactional partnerships among women (8.6 vs. 2.3%; P¼0.006). Hardship increased risky behaviours: in women, lacking a residence permit increased casual and transactional partnerships [resp. odds ratio (OR)¼2.01(1.48–2.72) and OR¼6.27(2.25–17.44)]. Same trends were observed for lacking stable housing [OR¼3.71(2.75–5.00) and OR¼10.58 (4.68–23.93)]. {Conclusion:} Hardships faced by migrants increase HIV risks. Women, especially during the period without stable housing, appear especially vulnerable.

Desgrées du Loû et al. - 2016 - Is hardship during migration a determinant of HIV .pdf 196.3 kio

Desjeux Dominique (2016) « The itinerary approach of a business anthropologist: between mobility, diversity and networks », Journal of Business Anthropology, 5 (1), p. 64-76. DOI : 10.22439/jba.v5i1.5215.

Mots-clés : Business anthropology, China, empiricism, Qualitative study, Strategic analysis, sorcery, US.

Dia Hamidou (2016) « Pratiques de scolarisation de jeunes Français au Sénégal. La construction de l’excellence par le pays des « ancêtres » », Cahiers d'études africaines, LVI (1-2) (221-222), p. 199-218. DOI : 10.4000/etudesafricaines.18955.

Dia Hamidou, Hugon Clotilde et d'Aiglepierre Rohen, ss la dir. de (2016) « Reform States and Arab Islamic Education in Africa », Afrique Contemporaine, 1 (257), 178 p.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Dia Hamidou, Hugon Clotilde et d’Aiglepierre Rohen (2016) « Reform States and Arab-Islamic Education in AfricaHeading towards a historic compromise? Introduction », Afrique contemporaine, 257 (1), p. 11-23. DOI : 10.3917/afco.257.0011. hhttps://www.cairn-int.info/article-E_AFCO_257_0011--reform-states-and-arab-islamic.htm.

Dossa Nissou Inès, Philibert Aline et Dumont Alexandre (2016) « Using routine health data and intermittent community surveys to assess the impact of maternal and neonatal health interventions in low-income countries: A systematic review », International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 135 (S1) (novembre), p. S64-S71. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.08.004. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.08.004.

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