Références bibliographiques

Manac'h Léopoldine (2021) « Christophe Broqua (dir.). "Se mobiliser contre le sida en Afrique : sous la santé globale, les luttes associatives", Paris, L’Harmattan, 2018, 372 pages. », Critique Internationale, 90 (1), p. 197-200. DOI : 10.3917/crii.090.0200. http://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2021-1-page-197.htm?ref=doi.

Manac'h Léopoldine (2021) « La police des migrants. Filtrer, disperser, harceler », Carnets de géographes - Babels, 15.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Manac'h Léopoldine et Yahiaoui Amira (2021) « L’enfermement des personnes étrangères en France : une clinique du hors-lieu ? Perspectives comparatives entre psychanalyse et anthropologie », Recherches en psychanalyse, 31.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Manoufi D., Kabore W.C., Yahannon C.N., Dumont Alexandre et Ridde Valery (2021) « Amélioration de l’offre et de la demande de soins de santé maternelle et infantile au Tchad : une étude quasi-expérimentale », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (mai), p. S0398762021002157. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2021.04.137. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0398762021002157.

Martin-Fernandez Judith, Aromatario Olivier, Prigent Ollivier, Porcherie Marion, Ridde Valéry et Cambon Linda (2021) « Evaluation of a knowledge translation strategy to improve policymaking and practices in health promotion and disease prevention setting in French regions: TC-REG, a realist study », BMJ Open, 11 (9), p. e045936. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045936. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045936.

Résumé : Objective This paper presents the results of a realist evaluation of a knowledge translation (KT) intervention implemented in the field of health promotion and disease prevention at the local level in France. Design Realist evaluation study. Setting The target population comprised decision-makers and field professionals working in prevention and public health services operating in regions of France (ie, ARS (Agence Régionale de Santé: regional health agency), IREPS (Instance Régionale d'Education et de Promotion de la Santé pour tous: regional organisation for health promotion and education) and their partners). Participants This evaluation was based on data collected from 2 seminars, 82 interviews, 18 observations and 4 focus groups over 18 months. Intervention The TC-REG intervention aimed to increase the use of evidence in cancer prevention, health promotion and disease prevention across four geographical regions in France. The intervention combined various activities: Supporting access to and adaptation of usable evidence, strengthening professionals’ skills in analysing, adopting and using policy briefs, and facilitating the use of evidence in organisations and processes. Results The collected data was used to define favourable/unfavourable contexts for the use of scientific data and mechanisms to be activated to encourage the use of scientific knowledge. From these raw results eight final refined middle-range theories were defined. Organised around the mechanisms to be activated, these middle-range theories illustrate how to activate knowledge and under what conditions. These analyses provided a basis for the production of seven operational and contextualised recommendations to develop KT to inform regional policymaking regarding health promotion and disease prevention. Conclusion The results obtained from the analyses led us to formulate two perspectives of an operational nature for the benefit of those involved in prevention and health promotion.

Mathevet Isadora, Ost Katarina, Traverson Lola, Zinszer Kate et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Accounting for health inequities in the design of contact tracing interventions: a rapid review », International Journal of Infectious Diseases (mars 11), p. S1201971221002277. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.010. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1201971221002277.

Résumé : Context Contact tracing has been a central COVID-19 transmission control measure. However, without the consideration of the needs of specific populations, public health interventions can exacerbate health inequities. Purpose The purpose of this rapid review was to determine if and how health inequities were included in the design of contact tracing interventions in epidemic settings. Method We conducted a search of the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science. Our inclusion criteria included articles that: (i) described the design of contact tracing interventions, (ii) have been published between 2013 and 2020 in English, French, Spanish, Chinese, or Portuguese, (iii) and included at least 50% of empiricism, according to the Automated Classifier of Texts on Scientific Studies (ATCER) tool. We relied on various tools to extract data. Result Following the titles and abstracts screening of 230 articles, 39 articles met the inclusion criteria. Only seven references were retained after full text review. None of the selected studies considered health inequities in the design of contact tracing interventions. Conclusion The use of tools/concepts for incorporating health inequities, such as the REFLEX-ISS tool, and “proportionate universalism” when designing contact tracing interventions, would enable practitioners, decision makers, and researchers to better consider health inequities.

Mc Sween-Cadieux Esther, Chabot Catherine, Fillol Amandine, Saha Trisha et Dagenais Christian (2021) « Use of infographics as a health-related knowledge translation tool: protocol for a scoping review », BMJ Open, 11 (6) (juin), p. e046117. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046117. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046117.

Résumé : Introduction Efforts to bridge the know–do gap have paved the way for development of the field of knowledge translation (KT). KT aims to understand how evidence use can best be promoted and supported through different activities. For dissemination activities, infographics are gaining in popularity as a promising KT tool to reach multiple health research users (eg, health practitioners, patients and families, decision-makers). However, to our knowledge, no study has yet mapped the available evidence on this tool using a systematic method. This scoping review will explore the depth and breadth of evidence on infographics use and its effectiveness in improving research uptake (eg, raising awareness, influencing attitudes, increasing knowledge, informing practice and changing behaviour). Methods and analysis We will use the scoping review methodological framework first proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), improved by Levac et al , and further refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (2020). The search will be conducted in MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Social Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts, Education Resources Information Center, Cairn and Google Scholar. We will also search for relevant literature from the reference lists of the included publications. Two independent reviewers will select the studies. All study designs will be eligible for inclusion, with no date or publication status restrictions. The included studies will have evaluated infographics that disseminate health research evidence and target a non-scientific audience. A data extraction form will be developed and used to extract and chart the data, which will then be synthesised to present a descriptive summary of the results. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required. To inform the research and KT communities, various dissemination activities will be developed, including user-friendly KT tools (eg, webinars, fact sheets and infographics), open-access publication and presentations at KT events and conferences.

Melchior M., Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Gosselin Anne, Datta G. D., Carabali M., Merckx J. et Kaufman J. S. (2021) « À quand une prise en compte des disparités ethnoraciales vis-à-vis de l’infection à COVID-19 en France ? », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (février). DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2021.01.006. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0398762021000456.

Mensah Keitly, Kaboré Charles, Zeba Salifou, Bouchon Magali, Duchesne Véronique, Pourette Dolorès, DeBeaudrap Pierre et Dumont Alexandre (2021) « Implementation of HPV-based screening in Burkina Faso: lessons learned from the PARACAO hybrid-effectiveness study », BMC Women's Health, 21 (1) (décembre), p. 251. DOI : 10.1186/s12905-021-01392-4. https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-021-01392-4.

Résumé : Abstract Background Cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan countries relies on primary visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Primary human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening is considered a promising alternative. However, the implementation and real-life effectiveness of this strategy at the primary-care level in limited-resource contexts remain under explored. In Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, free HPV-based screening was implemented in 2019 in two primary healthcare centers. We carried out a process and effectiveness evaluation of this intervention. Methods Effectiveness outcomes and implementation indicators were assessed through a cohort study of screened women, observations in participating centers, individual interviews with women and healthcare providers and monitoring reports. Effectiveness outcomes were screening completeness and women’s satisfaction. Logistic regression models and concurrent qualitative analysis explored how implementation variability, acceptability by women and the context affected effectiveness outcomes. Results After a 3-month implementation period, of the 350 women included in the cohort, 94% completed the screening, although only 26% had their screening completed in a single visit as planned in the protocol. The proportion of highly satisfied women was higher after result disclosure (95%) than after sampling (65%). A good understanding of the screening results and recommendations increased screening completeness and women’s satisfaction, while time to result disclosure decreased satisfaction. Adaptations were made to fit healthcare workers’ workload. Conclusion Free HPV-based screening was successfully integrated within primary care in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, leading to a high level of screening completeness despite the frequent use of multiple visits. Future implementation in primary healthcare centers needs to improve counseling and reduce wait times at the various steps of the screening sequence.

Meyer Jean-Baptiste (2021) « La diaspora est-elle (vraiment) un creuset de créativité ? », Hommes & migrations, 1332 (janvier 1), p. 127-133. DOI : 10.4000/hommesmigrations.12269. http://journals.openedition.org/hommesmigrations/12269.

Mick Carola, Bisio Natalia, Kleiche-Dray Mina et Oraisón Mercedes (2021) « Introducción: Dossier Metodologías participativas alternativas o contrahegemónicas: otros modos de vivir, hacer y conocer », De prácticas y discursos. Cuadernos de ciencias sociales, 10 (15), p. 1-8. DOI : 10.30972/dpd.10154805. http://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/dpd/issue/view/531/showToc.

Résumé : En 1960 y 1970, en el contexto de las teorías de la liberación y el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano, surgen diversas propuestas de hacer ciencia y construir conocimiento, alternativas a las formas hegemónicas, que se fueron consolidando como una contracorriente a las explicaciones dominantes de los procesos económicos y sociales. Bajo el lema acuñado por Fals Borda: “O ciencia rebelde, nueva, constructiva, o ciencia de segunda clase, imitativa y desadaptada”, lxs investigadorxs comprometidxs con el cambio social buscaron producir conocimiento práctico y socialmente útil, al margen de los temas impuestos por las agencias de ciencia y tecnología. Se planteó un acercamiento a la cultura y los conocimientos populares y se incorporó a lxs actorxs sociales como co-responsables de los procesos de investigación. El efecto que se quería producir era la toma de conciencia y la reflexión crítica sobre las relaciones de dominación y dependencia que involucraban tanto a lxs actorxs sociales como a lxs académicxs.

Mora Marion, Rincon Giovanna, Bourrelly Michel, Maradan Gwenaëlle, Freire Maresca Anaenza, Michard Florence, Rouveix Elisabeth, Pannetier Julie, Leriche Diane, Alain Tristan, Yazdanpanah Yazdan, Michels David et Spire Bruno (2021) « Living conditions, HIV and gender affirmation care pathways of transgender people living with HIV in France: a nationwide, comprehensive, cross-sectional, community-based research protocol (ANRS Trans&HIV) », BMJ Open, 11 (12), p. e052691. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052691. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052691.

Résumé : Introduction Transgender identity is poorly accepted in France, and data on living conditions and the daily difficulties transgender people encounter are scarce. This lack of data reinforces their invisibility in social life, contributes to their stigmatisation and probably increases the burden of HIV infection, especially for HIV-positive transgender people (TRHIV). The main objective of the community-based research study ANRS Trans&HIV is to identify personal and social situations of vulnerability in TRHIV, the obstacles they encounter in terms of access to and retention in medical care, and their gender affirmation and HIV care needs. Methods and analysis ANRS Trans&HIV is a national, comprehensive, cross-sectional survey of all TRHIV currently being followed in HIV care units in France. TRHIV women are exclusively included in the quantitative component, and TRHIV men in the qualitative component. Data are collected by community-based interviewers and will be analysed to explore patient care pathways and living conditions in the TRHIV population with regard to gender affirmation and HIV. Data collection began in October 2020 and should be completed in December 2021. The statistical analyses techniques used will be adapted to each of the study’s objectives and to the type of data collected (cross-sectional ( questionnaires ) and retrospective ( biographical trajectory )). The study’s results will provide a greater understanding of TRHIV health needs in order to suggest possible national recommendations for comprehensive HIV and gender affirmation medical care. Ethics and dissemination ANRS Trans&HIV was approved by Inserm’s Ethical Evaluation Committee (no 20-694 on 12 May 2020) and is registered with the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty under number 2518030720. Potential participants are informed about the study through an information note provided by their attending HIV physician. All results published in peer-reviewed journals will be disseminated to the HIV transgender community, institutional stakeholders and healthcare providers. Trial registration number NCT04849767 .

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Niangaly Hamidou, Ridde Valéry et Thuilliez Josselin (2021) « Introduction : repenser la santé en Afrique à l’aune de la crise sanitaire: », Revue internationale des études du développement, N° 247 (3) (novembre 10), p. 7-33. DOI : 10.3917/ried.247.0007. https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-des-etudes-du-developpement-2021-3-page-7.htm?ref=doi.

Njatosoa Ammy Fiadanana, Mattern Chiarella, Pourette Dolorès, Kesteman Thomas, Rakotomanana Elliot, Rahaivondrafahitra Bakoly, Andriamananjara Mauricette, Harimanana Aina, Razafindrakoto Jocelyn, Raboanary Emma, Andrianasolo Andry et Rogier Christophe (2021) « Family, social and cultural determinants of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) use in Madagascar: secondary analysis of three qualitative studies focused on children aged 5–15 years », Malaria Journal, 20 (1) (mars 26), p. 168. DOI : 10.1186/s12936-021-03705-2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03705-2.

Résumé : Although it is accepted that long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) use is an effective means to prevent malaria, children aged 5 to 15 years do not appear to be sufficiently protected in Madagascar; the malaria prevalence is highest in this age group. The purpose of this research is to summarize recent qualitative studies describing LLIN use among the Malagasy people with a focus on children aged 5–15 years.

Mots-clés : Children over five, LLIN use, Madagascar, Malaria, Sociocultural factors.

Ouedraogo Wendkouni A. S., Biau Sandrine, Bonnet Emmanuel et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Telephones in public health policy processes in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review », Journal of Global Health Reports (juillet 21). DOI : 10.29392/001c.24167. https://www.joghr.org/article/24167-telephones-in-public-health-policy-processes-in-sub-saharan-africa-a-scoping-review.

Résumé : Background The telephone is being put to work in the quest for universal health coverage in sub-Saharan Africa. Multiple mobile health pilot projects are being deployed. The use of mobile technologies including citizens in the formulation, analysis, and revision of public health policies in sub-Saharan Africa is recent. This citizen m-participation could influence the democratic engagement of citizens and leaders in the planning, budgeting, and transparency of local governance processes of health systems. Methods We conducted a scoping review. A total of 995 papers were initially identified, 37 documents were finally included in the final synthesis after a review of the abstract and full text by two researchers. Results Despite multiple challenges, the social, technological, and instrumental feasibility of citizen m-participation in health decision-making processes is real. The documents highlight the contribution of m-Citizen Participation to the ongoing construction of a robust health democracy. However, government commitment and leadership for this innovation remain weak. This slows down the processes of inclusion and empowerment of patients on their health needs. Conclusions Evidence suggests that citizen m-participation is relevant to the inclusion of citizens in health decision-making processes. However, research is limited. We recommend participatory action research mechanisms focused on citizen inclusion in health decision-making processes in sub-Saharan Africa to expand the knowledge base on this innovation.

Passanti Cecilia (2021) « Contesting the Electoral Register during the 2019 Elections in Senegal. Why Allegations of Fraud Did not End with the Introduction of Biometrics », Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 48, p. 515-525. (FRANCIA).

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Paul Elisabeth, Bodson Oriane et Ridde Valéry (2021) « What theories underpin performance-based financing? A scoping review », Journal of Health Organization and Management, ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) (janvier 20). DOI : 10.1108/JHOM-04-2020-0161. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHOM-04-2020-0161/full/html.

Résumé : Purpose The study aims to explore the theoretical bases justifying the use of performance-based financing (PBF) in the health sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a scoping review of the literature on PBF so as to identify the theories utilized to underpin it and analyzed its theoretical justifications. Findings Sixty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Economic theories were predominant, with the principal-agent theory being the most commonly-used theory, explicitly referred to by two-thirds of included studies. Psychological theories were also common, with a wide array of motivation theories. Other disciplines in the form of management or organizational science, political and social science and systems approaches also contributed. However, some of the theories referred to contradicted each other. Many of the studies included only casually alluded to one or more theories, and very few used these theories to justify or support PBF. No theory emerged as a dominant, consistent and credible justification of PBF, perhaps except for the principal-agent theory, which was often inappropriately applied in the included studies, and when it included additional assumptions reflecting the contexts of the health sector in LMICs, might actually warn against adopting PBF. Practical implications Overall, this review has not been able to identify a comprehensive, credible, consistent, theoretical justification for using PBF rather than alternative approaches to health system reforms and healthcare providers' motivation in LMICs. Originality/value The theoretical justifications of PBF in the health sector in LMICs are under-documented. This review is the first of this kind and should encourage further debate and theoretical exploration of the justifications of PBF.

Paul Elisabeth, Brown Garrett W., Kalk Andreas et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Playing vaccine roulette: Why the current strategy of staking everything on Covid-19 vaccines is a high-stakes wager », Vaccine (juillet), p. S0264410X21009233. DOI : 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.045. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264410X21009233.

Paul Elisabeth, Brown Garrett, Dechamps Mélanie, Kalk Andreas, Laterre Pierre-François, Rentier Bernard, Ridde Valéry et Zizi Martin (2021) « COVID-19: an ‘extraterrestrial’ disease? », International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 110 (septembre 1), p. 155. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.051. https://hal.science/hal-03485589.

Résumé : Background - Since the beginning of the pandemic, COVID-19 has been regarded as an exceptional disease. Control measures have exclusively focused on ‘the virus’, while failing to account for other biological and social factors that determine severe forms of the disease. Aim- We argue that although COVID-19 was initially considered a new challenge, justifying extraordinary response measures, this situation has changed — and so should our response. Main arguments- We now know that COVID-19 shares many features of common infectious respiratory diseases, and can now ascertain that SARS-CoV-2 has not suddenly presented new problems. Instead, it has exposed and exacerbated existing problems in health systems and the underlying health of the population. COVID-19 is evidently not an ‘extraterrestrial’ disease. It is a complex zoonotic disease, and it needs to be managed as such, following long-proven principles of medicine and public health. Conclusion - A complex disease cannot be solved through a simple, magic-bullet cure or vaccine. The heterogeneity of population profiles susceptible to developing a severe form of COVID-19 suggests the need to adopt varying, targeted measures that are able to address risk profiles in an appropriate way. The critical role of comorbidities in disease severity calls for short-term, virus-targeted interventions to be complemented with medium-term policies aimed at reducing the burden of comorbidities, as well as mitigating the risk of transition from infection to disease. Strategies required include upstream prevention, early treatment, and consolidation of the health system.

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Pérez Dennis, Robert Emilie, Pérez Elsury J., Vanlerberghe Veerle, Lefèvre Pierre et Ridde Valéry (2021) « A Realist Synthesis of Community-Based Interventions in Vector-Borne Diseases », The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (mars 1). DOI : 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0944. https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/aop/article-10.4269-ajtmh.20-0944/article-10.4269-ajtmh.20-0944.xml.

Résumé : Randomized control trials have provided evidence that some community-based interventions (CBIs) work in vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Conversely, there is limited evidence on how well those CBIs succeed in producing specific outcomes in different contexts. To conduct a realist synthesis for knowledge translation on this topic, we examined the extent to which realist concepts (context, mechanisms, and outcomes) and their relationships are present in the existing literature on CBIs for VBDs. Articles on CBIs were identified from prior scoping reviews of health interventions for VBDs. Content of the articles was extracted verbatim if it referred either to realist concepts or CBI features. The number of articles and the average number of words extracted per category per CBI were quantified. Content of the articles was scrutinized to inductively gather qualitative evidence on the interactions between realist concepts. We reviewed 41 articles on 17 CBIs from 12 countries. The average number of words used for mechanisms was much lower than those used for outcomes and context (309,474, and 836, respectively). The average number of words used for mechanisms increased when a CBI was described in three or more articles. There were more extensive accounts on CBI features than on mechanisms. It was difficult to gather evidence on the interactions among realist concepts from the content of the articles. Scarce reporting on mechanisms in published articles limits conducting a realist synthesis of CBIs in VBDs. More transdisciplinary research that goes beyond the biomedical paradigm is needed to boost the development of intervention mechanisms in this field.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2021) « Saudi Wahhabis and Jihadi Terrorism in Africa: Between fairy tales and conspiracy theories », p. pp.74. https://hal.science/hal-03909956.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2021) « Humanitarian aid and terrorism in the Sahel: Preventing or fuelling conflicts? », p. 538. https://hal.science/hal-03909962.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2021) « Contes et légendes de la pauvreté », p. pp.307. https://hal.science/hal-03909971.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Petit Véronique, Robin Nelly et Martin Nelly (2021) « Spatialité et temporalité de l’épidémie de la Covid-19 au Sénégal. Le processus de production des données sanitaires au regard des discontinuités territoriales », Revue francophone sur la santé et les territoires (juin 11). DOI : 10.4000/rfst.1150. http://journals.openedition.org/rfst/1150.

Petitfour Laurène, Bonnet Emmanuel, Mathevet Isadora, Nikiema Aude et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic expenditures due to traffic injuries in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso », Health Economics Review, 11 (1), p. 46. DOI : 10.1186/s13561-021-00344-w. https://healtheconomicsreview.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13561-021-00344-w.

Résumé : Abstract Objective To estimate the out-of-pocket expenditures linked to Road Traffic Injuries in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, as well as the prevalence of catastrophic expenditures among those out-of-pocket payments, and to identify the socio-economic determinants of catastrophic expenditures due to Road Traffic Injuries. Methods We surveyed every admission at the only trauma unit of Ouagadougou between January and July 2015 at the time of their admission, 7 days and 30 days later. We estimate a total amount of out-of-pocket expenditures paid by each patient. We considered an expense as catastrophic when it represented 10% at least of the annual global consumption of the patient’s household. We used linear models to determine if socio-economic characteristics were associated to a greater or smaller ratio between out-of-pocket payment and global annual consumption. Findings We surveyed 1323 Road injury victims three times (admission, Days 7 and 30). They paid in average 46,547 FCFA (83.64 US dollars) for their care, which represent a catastrophic expenditure for 19% of them. Less than 5% of the sample was covered by a health insurance scheme. Household economic status is found to be the first determinant of catastrophic health expenditure occurrence, exhibiting a significant and negative on the ratio between road injury expenditures and global consumption. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of developing health insurance schemes to protect poor households from the economic burden of road traffic injuries and improve equity in front of health shocks.

Petitprez Karine, Mattuizzi Aurélien, Guillaume Sophie, Arnal Maud, Artzner France, Bernard Catherine, Caron François-Marie, Chevalier Isabelle, Daussy-Urvoy Claude, Ducloy-Bouthorsc Anne-Sophie, Garnier Jean-Michel, Keita-Meyer Hawa, Lavillonnière Jacqueline, Lejeune-Sadaa Valérie, Le Ray Camille, Morandeau Anne, Nadjafizade Marjan, Pizzagalli Franck, Schantz Clemence, Schmitz Thomas, Shojai Raha, Hédon Bernard et Sentilhes Loïc (2021) « Normal delivery: physiologic support and medical interventions. Guidelines of the French National Authority for Health (HAS) with the collaboration of the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF) and the French College of Midwives (CNSF) », The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine (mai 12), p. 1-10. DOI : 10.1080/14767058.2021.1918089. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14767058.2021.1918089.

Résumé : Objective: To define for women at low obstetric risk methods of management that respect the rhythm and the spontaneous course of giving birth as well as each woman’s preferences. Methods: These clinical practice guidelines were developed through professional consensus based on an analysis of the literature and of the French and international guidelines available on this topic. Results: Labor should be monitored with a partograph (professional consensus). Digital cervical examination should be offered every 4 h during the first stage of labor, hourly during the second. The choice between continuous (cardiotocography) or discontinuous (by cardiotocography or intermittent auscultation) monitoring should be left to the woman (professional consensus). In the active phase of the first stage of labor, dilation speed is considered abnormal if it is less than 1 cm/4 h between 5 and 7 cm or less than 1 cm/2 h after 7 cm. In those cases, an amniotomy is recommended if the membranes are intact, and the administration of oxytocin if the membranes are already broken and uterine contractions are judged insufficient (professional consensus). It is recommended that pushing not begin when full dilation has been reached; rather, the fetus should be allowed to descend (grade A). Umbilical cord clamping should be delayed beyond the first 30 s in newborns who do not require resuscitation (grade C). Conclusion: The establishment of these clinical practice guidelines should enable women at low obstetric risk to receive better care in conditions of optimal safety while supporting physiologic birth.

Pierce L, Zahreddine C, Abreu K, Dantas M. A., Caprara A, Ridde Valéry et Zinszer K (2021) « Dengue knowledge, attitudes, and practices : baseline data from the COESA study », AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 105 (5) (novembre), p. 326-326.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Pison Leslie (2021) « La dissonance dans le dissensus : manifestations et conséquences argumentatives d’une attaque psychologisante », Argumentation et analyse du discours, 27 (octobre 14). DOI : 10.4000/aad.5820. http://journals.openedition.org/aad/5820.

Résumé : L’objectif de cet article est de décrire le fonctionnement argumentatif de l’expression « dissonance cognitive » sur le réseau social Twitter. La démarche descriptive proposée s’attache à rendre compte de l’usage de ce lexème dans le cadre d’échanges polémiques. La spécificité de l’expression « dissonance cognitive », contrairement à d’autres attaques psychiatrisantes, réside dans le fait qu’elle est également une critique méta-argumentative. En effet, « dissonance cognitive » désigne initialement en sciences cognitives une incohérence entre deux éléments perçus par le cerveau. Les analyses menées dans cet article, en portant notamment une attention particulière au contre-discours, montrent que cette théorisation est réinvestie lors de l’usage argumentatif de « dissonance cognitive », qui produit un double mouvement de réfutation-disqualification. L’argument de la dissonance cognitive est par conséquent assimilable à un ad hominem tu quoque.

Quet Mathieu (2021) « Fakeness, Human-Object Fluidity and Ethnic Suspicion on the Kenyan Pharmaceutical Market », Journal of African Cultural Studies, 33 (3) (juillet 3), p. 359-363. DOI : 10.1080/13696815.2021.1886057. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2021.1886057.

Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Rude Nathalie, Yazdanpanah Yazdan, Kardas-Sloma Lidia, Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Gosselin Anne et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Development and Validation of an HIV/AIDS Empowerment Scale for Impact Intervention Evaluation. An Example from the MAKASI Intervention », American Journal of Health Education (août 6), p. 1-11. DOI : 10.1080/19325037.2021.1955230. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19325037.2021.1955230.

Résumé : Background The MAKASI intervention aimed to empower sub-Saharan immigrants living in the Paris metropolitan area regarding sexual health and reduce their HIV exposure. The intervention was developed based upon a theoretical model of individual empowerment. Purpose A scale was developed using sixteen 4-point Likert items adapted from existing tools to measure HIV/AIDS empowerment as an intervention outcome. This study describes the psychometric validation of this scale. Methods Data from 433 participants were used. Construct validity and internal consistency were assessed using factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α). The scale’s predictive validity for health and social outcomes was assessed using bivariable logistic regressions. Results Five dimensions were identified: i) sexual communication; ii) perceived control at the individual level; iii) knowledge of HIV treatment and social resources; iv) ability to find and understand healthcare information; and v) ability to understand and use disease prevention messages. The internal consistency (α = 0.71) and predictive validity (p < .05) were satisfactory.

Rice Benjamin L., Annapragada Akshaya, Baker Rachel E., Bruijning Marjolein, Dotse-Gborgbortsi Winfred, Mensah Keitly, Miller Ian F., Motaze Nkengafac Villyen, Raherinandrasana Antso, Rajeev Malavika, Rakotonirina Julio, Ramiadantsoa Tanjona, Rasambainarivo Fidisoa, Yu Weiyu, Grenfell Bryan T., Tatem Andrew J. et Metcalf C. Jessica E. (2021) « Variation in SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks across sub-Saharan Africa », Nature Medicine, 27 (3) (mars), p. 447-453. DOI : 10.1038/s41591-021-01234-8. http://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01234-8.

Résumé : A surprising feature of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to date is the low burdens reported in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries relative to other global regions. Potential explanations (for example, warmer environments(1), younger populations(2-4)) have yet to be framed within a comprehensive analysis. We synthesized factors hypothesized to drive the pace and burden of this pandemic in SSA during the period from 25 February to 20 December 2020, encompassing demographic, comorbidity, climatic, healthcare capacity, intervention efforts and human mobility dimensions. Large diversity in the probable drivers indicates a need for caution in interpreting analyses that aggregate data across low- and middle-income settings. Our simulation shows that climatic variation between SSA population centers has little effect on early outbreak trajectories; however, heterogeneity in connectivity, although rarely considered, is likely an important contributor to variance in the pace of viral spread across SSA. Our synthesis points to the potential benefits of context-specific adaptation of surveillance systems during the ongoing pandemic. In particular, characterizing patterns of severity over age will be a priority in settings with high comorbidity burdens and poor access to care. Understanding the spatial extent of outbreaks warrants emphasis in settings where low connectivity could drive prolonged, asynchronous outbreaks resulting in extended stress to health systems.

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Ridde Valery (2021) « L’épidémie de choléra en Haïti : histoire d’un fiasco des Nations Unies et de la persévérance d’un (collectif) chercheur français », Médecine Tropicale et Santé Internationale - magazine, 1 (février 19). http://revuemtsi.societe-mtsi.fr/index.php/bspe-mag/article/view/53.

Résumé : Alors que la pandémie de Covid-19 fait des ravages dans le monde, il est certainement utile de prendre un peu de recul épidémiologique. La lecture de l’ouvrage de Renaud Piarroux concernant son expérience de lutte contre l’épidémie de choléra en Haïti entre 2010 et 2018 est riche d’enseignements. Il montre le fiasco et les errances du système des Nations Unies et de certains de ses cadres mais aussi la vision étriquée des diplomates et des responsables de la santé mondiale française. Mais l’ouvrage est aussi précieux pour comprendre le fonctionnement académique de la santé publique mondiale, à l’image du désastre contemporain covidien : une santé publique biomédicale, orientée vers certaines maladies en particulier, sans vision interdisciplinaire et avec son lot de dérives, d’abus et de clientélisme scientifique. Les étudiant.es et les jeunes chercheur.es devraient pouvoir se saisir de cette analyse pour faire évoluer la situation…en espérant qu’on leur donne de la place.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Ridde Valery, Ba M. F., Gaye I., Diallo A. I., Bonnet Emmanuel et Faye A. (2021) « Participating in a vaccine trial for COVID-19 in Senegal: trust and information », Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (juillet 19), p. 1-6. DOI : 10.1080/21645515.2021.1951097. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21645515.2021.1951097.

Résumé : This research aims to understand the level and determinants of people’s willingness to participate in a vaccine trial for COVID-19 in Senegal. We conducted a telephone survey among a marginal quota sample of 607 people over 18 years of age. Only 44.3% of the participants wanted to participate in a vaccine trial for COVID-19, with females intending to participate more than males (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI [1.22–2.72]). Participants who intended to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (AOR = 6.48, 95% CI [4.12–10.4]) and who thought that being infected with the coronavirus would have a significant impact on their health (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.57, 3.51]) were more likely to agree to take part in the COVID-19 vaccine trial. Confidence in the vaccine, health personnel, and the government in the fight against the pandemic are key factors in participants’ willingness to participate in a vaccine trial in Senegal.

Ridde Valéry et Fillol Amandine (2021) « Santé Mondiale », Anthropen (juin 13). DOI : 10.47854/anthropen.vi0.51161. https://revues.ulaval.ca/ojs/index.php/anthropen/article/view/51161.

Résumé : La santé mondiale et sa définition sont l’objet de multiples débats dans un contexte de mondialisation. Elles souffrent encore d’un manque de clarté conceptuelle. Notre texte propose une analyse critique du vocable de santé mondiale. Après avoir décrit les définitions proposées, nous abordons les enjeux de pouvoir qui sont au cœur du fonctionnement et du quotidien de la santé mondiale que la nouvelle génération (si on lui laisse de la place) devra nécessairement affronter.

Mots-clés : Coopération.

Ridde Valéry, Gautier Lara, Dagenais Christian, Chabrol Fanny, Hou Renyou, Bonnet Emmanuel, David Pierre-Marie, Cloos Patrick, Duhoux Arnaud, Lucet Jean-Christophe, Traverson Lola, de Araujo Oliveira Sydia Rosana, Cazarin Gisele, Peiffer-Smadja Nathan, Touré Laurence, Coulibaly Abdourahmane, Honda Ayako, Noda Shinichiro, Tamura Toyomitsu, Baba Hiroko, Kodoi Haruka et Zinszer Kate (2021) « Learning from public health and hospital resilience to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: protocol for a multiple case study (Brazil, Canada, China, France, Japan, and Mali) », Health Research Policy and Systems, 19 (1) (mai 6), p. 76. DOI : 10.1186/s12961-021-00707-z. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00707-z.

Résumé : All prevention efforts currently being implemented for COVID-19 are aimed at reducing the burden on strained health systems and human resources. There has been little research conducted to understand how SARS-CoV-2 has affected health care systems and professionals in terms of their work. Finding effective ways to share the knowledge and insight between countries, including lessons learned, is paramount to the international containment and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this project is to compare the pandemic response to COVID-19 in Brazil, Canada, China, France, Japan, and Mali. This comparison will be used to identify strengths and weaknesses in the response, including challenges for health professionals and health systems.

Ridde Valéry et Hane Fatoumata (2021) « La couverture sanitaire universelle : un toit percé depuis trop longtemps », AOC.Média (décembre 10). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03473381.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Ridde Valéry et Hane Fatoumata (2021) « Universal health coverage: the roof has been leaking for far too long », BMJ Global Health, 6 (12) (décembre), p. e008152. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008152. https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008152.

Ridde Valéry, Ouedraogo Samiratou et Yaya Sanni (2021) « Closing the diversity and inclusion gaps in francophone public health: a wake-up call », BMJ Global Health, 6 (2) (février), p. e005231. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005231. https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005231.

Ridde Valéry, Saré Diane, Quan Nha Hong, et Pluye Pierre (2021) « Grilles pour décrire les interventions populationnelles dans les revues des écrits scientifiques en santé », McGill Family Medicine Studies Online, 16:e02.

Résumé : L'étude a pour objectif de répertorier toutes les grilles de description des interventions populationnelles et celles qui soutiennent l’extraction des données pour la réalisation des revues systématiques des écrits scientifiques en santé publique.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Rouveau Nicolas, Ky-Zerbo Odette, Boye Sokhna, Simo Fotso Arlette, d’Elbée Marc, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Silhol Romain, Kouassi Arsène Kra, Vautier Anthony, Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence, Breton Guillaume, Keita Abdelaye, Ehui Eboi, Ndour Cheikh Tidiane, Boilly Marie-Claude, Terris-Prestholt Fern, Pourette Dolorès, Desclaux Alice, Larmarange Joseph et ATLAS Team (2021) « Describing, analysing and understanding the effects of the introduction of HIV self-testing in West Africa through the ATLAS programme in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal », BMC Public Health, 21 (1) (janvier 21), p. 181. DOI : 10.1186/s12889-021-10212-1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10212-1.

Résumé : The ATLAS programme aims to promote and implement HIV self-testing (HIVST) in three West African countries: Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal. During 2019–2021, in close collaboration with the national AIDS implementing partners and communities, ATLAS plans to distribute 500,000 HIVST kits through eight delivery channels, combining facility-based, community-based strategies, primary and secondary distribution of HIVST. Considering the characteristics of West African HIV epidemics, the targets of the ATLAS programme are hard-to-reach populations: key populations (female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and drug users), their clients or sexual partners, partners of people living with HIV and patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections and their partners. The ATLAS programme includes research support implementation to generate evidence for HIVST scale-up in West Africa. The main objective is to describe, analyse and understand the social, health, epidemiological effects and cost-effectiveness of HIVST introduction in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal to improve the overall HIV testing strategy (accessibility, efficacy, ethics). Methods ATLAS research is organised into five multidisciplinary workpackages (WPs): Key Populations WP: qualitative surveys (individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions) conducted with key actors, key populations, and HIVST users. Index testing WP: ethnographic observation of three HIV care services introducing HIVST for partner testing. Coupons survey WP: an anonymous telephone survey of HIVST users. Cost study WP: incremental economic cost analysis of each delivery model using a top-down costing with programmatic data, complemented by a bottom-up costing of a representative sample of HIVST distribution sites, and a time-motion study for health professionals providing HIVST. Modelling WP: Adaptation, parameterisation and calibration of a dynamic compartmental model that considers the varied populations targeted by the ATLAS programme and the different testing modalities and strategies. Discussion ATLAS is the first comprehensive study on HIV self-testing in West Africa. The ATLAS programme focuses particularly on the secondary distribution of HIVST. This protocol was approved by three national ethic committees and the WHO’s Ethical Research Committee.

Mots-clés : Côte d’Ivoire, HIV self-testing, HIV/AIDS, Mali, Senegal, West Africa.

Rozée Virginie et Schantz Clémence (2021) « Les violences gynécologiques et obstétricales : construction d’une question politique et de santé publique », Sante Publique, 33 (5), p. 629-634. DOI : 10.3917/spub.215.0629. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2021-5-page-629.htm.

Résumé : Le concept de « violences gynécologiques et obstétricales » a émergé au début des années 2000 en Amérique latine dans les milieux militants et scientifiques. Il a été repris à partir des années 2010 dans les débats féministes et politiques français et européens. Les militantes féministes, notamment à travers les réseaux sociaux et les médias, ont joué un rôle important dans la construction de cette question de santé publique. Ce concept est aujourd’hui mobilisé dans l’espace public, politique et académique, en France et à l’international. Il recouvre des réalités et des pratiques médicales diverses et permet de rendre compte des expériences, à la fois objectives et subjectives, des femmes. Les travaux en sciences sociales qui mobilisent cette nouvelle approche conceptuelle sont de plus en plus nombreux. Ils portent cependant majoritairement sur l’accouchement, alors que le domaine de la gynécologie reste plus largement à explorer.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2021) « De l’engagement armé à l’engagement humanitaire : trajectoires militantes, émotions et sentiments moraux dans la Syrie post-2011: », Critique internationale, 91 (2) (avril 27), p. 23-44. DOI : 10.3917/crii.091.0026. https://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2021-2-page-23.htm?ref=doi.

Saulnier Dell D, Blanchet Karl, Canila Carmelita, Cobos Muñoz Daniel, Dal Zennaro Livia, de Savigny Don, Durski Kara N, Garcia Fernando, Grimm Pauline Yongeun, Kwamie Aku, Maceira Daniel, Marten Robert, Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle, Poroes Camille, Ridde Valery, Seematter Laurence, Stern Barbara, Suarez Patricia, Teddy Gina, Wernli Didier, Wyss Kaspar et Tediosi Fabrizio (2021) « A health systems resilience research agenda: moving from concept to practice », BMJ Global Health, 6 (8) (août), p. e006779. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006779. https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006779.

Résumé : Health system resilience, known as the ability for health systems to absorb, adapt or transform to maintain essential functions when stressed or shocked, has quickly gained popularity following shocks like COVID-19. The concept is relatively new in health policy and systems research and the existing research remains mostly theoretical. Research to date has viewed resilience as an outcome that can be measured through performance outcomes, as an ability of complex adaptive systems that is derived from dynamic behaviour and interactions, or as both. However, there is little congruence on the theory and the existing frameworks have not been widely used, which as diluted the research applications for health system resilience. A global group of health system researchers were convened in March 2021 to discuss and identify priorities for health system resilience research and implementation based on lessons from COVID-19 and other health emergencies. Five research priority areas were identified: (1) measuring and managing systems dynamic performance, (2) the linkages between societal resilience and health system resilience, (3) the effect of governance on the capacity for resilience, (4) creating legitimacy and (5) the influence of the private sector on health system resilience. A key to filling these research gaps will be longitudinal and comparative case studies that use cocreation and coproduction approaches that go beyond researchers to include policy-makers, practitioners and the public.

Schantz Clémence (2021) « Biomédicalisation massive de l’accouchement au Cambodge après 150 ans de résistance », Moussons, 38 (novembre 25), p. 85-110. DOI : 10.4000/moussons.8023. http://journals.openedition.org/moussons/8023.

Schantz Clémence, Lhotte Marie et Pantelias Anne-Charlotte (2021) « Dépasser les tensions éthiques devant les demandes maternelles de césarienne », Santé Publique, Vol. 32 (5) (mars 2), p. 497-505. DOI : 10.3917/spub.205.0497. https://cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2020-5-page-497.htm?ref=doi.

Résumé : Introduction : Dans un contexte juridique centré sur le droit et l’autonomie de la patiente, certaines femmes souhaitent pouvoir choisir leur mode d’accouchement. Les sages-femmes étant les actrices de premier recours des femmes enceintes avec une grossesse physiologique, nous avons voulu savoir s’il était, pour elles, éthiquement recevable d’accompagner une femme dans sa décision de césarienne. Méthode : Cette enquête est une étude ancillaire du programme de recherche CESARIA validé par le Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Méditerranée IV et déclaré au CNIL. Trente-sept entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de sages-femmes et de femmes. Résultats : La majorité des femmes et des sages-femmes partagent une vision de l’accouchement comme « naturel » et considèrent la demande de césarienne comme relevant de la déviance. Lorsqu’elle est formulée, cette demande place les sages-femmes dans une situation de tension éthique. D’une part, les sages-femmes souhaitent orienter les femmes vers l’accouchement par voie basse qu’elles considèrent comme étant la norme, et ce choix incarne les principes éthiques de bienfaisance et de non-malfaisance. D’autre part, les sages-femmes expriment vouloir respecter le choix et la liberté des patientes, illustrant le principe éthique de respect de l’autonomie. Conclusion : L’enjeu éthique de la césarienne sur demande ne se situe pas tant dans la décision d’accepter ou non une césarienne, mais plutôt dans l’écoute de cette demande. Prendre en considération une indication médicale plus largement que la simple indication obstétricale permet d’accompagner de manière éthique ces demandes, dans le respect de l’autonomie de la femme enceinte.

Schantz Clémence, Pantelias Anne-Charlotte, de Loenzien Myriam, Ravit Marion, Rozenberg Patrick, Louis-Sylvestre Christine et Goyet Sophie (2021) « ‘A caesarean section is like you've never delivered a baby’: A mixed methods study of the experience of childbirth among French women », Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online, 12 (mars), p. 69-78. DOI : 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.003. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405661820300277.

Résumé : The experience of childbirth has been technologized worldwide, leading to major social changes. In France, childbirth occurs almost exclusively in hospitals. Few studies have been published on the opinions of French women regarding obstetric technology and, in particular, caesarean section. In 2017–2018, we used a mixed methods approach to determine French women’s preferences regarding the mode of delivery, and captured their experiences and satisfaction in relation to childbirth in two maternity settings. Of 284 pregnant women, 277 (97.5%) expressed a preference for vaginal birth, while seven (2.5%) women expressed a preference for caesarean section. Vaginal birth was also preferred among 26 women who underwent an in-depth interview. Vaginal birth was perceived as more natural, less risky and less painful, and to favour mother–child bonding. This vision was shared by caregivers. The women who expressed a preference for vaginal birth tended to remain sexually active late in their pregnancy, to find sexual intercourse pleasurable, and to believe that vaginal birth would not enlarge their vagina. A large majority (94.5%) of women who gave birth vaginally were satisfied with their childbirth experience, compared with 24.3% of those who underwent caesarean section. The caring attitude of the caregivers contributed to increasing this satisfaction. The notion of women’s ‘empowerment’ emerged spontaneously in women’s discourse in this research: women who gave birth vaginally felt satisfied and empowered. The vision shared by caregivers and women that vaginal birth is a natural process contributes to the stability of caesarean section rates in France.

Schantz Clémence, Rozée Virginie et Molinier Pascale (2021) « Introduction. Les violences obstétricales, un nouvel axe de recherche pour les études de genre, un nouveau défi pour le soin et la société », Cahiers du Genre, 71 (2), p. 5-24. DOI : 10.3917/cdge.071.0005. https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-du-genre-2021-2-page-5.htm.

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Schultz Emilien et Ward J.K. (2021) « Public perceptions of scientific advice: toward a science savvy public culture? », Public Health, 194 (mai), p. 86-88. DOI : 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.007. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0033350621000652.

Schultz Émilien, Ward Jeremy K., Atlani-Duault Laëtitia, Holmes Seth M. et Mancini Julien (2021) « French Public Familiarity and Attitudes toward Clinical Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic », International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (5) (mars 5), p. 2611. DOI : 10.3390/ijerph18052611. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2611.

Résumé : The COVID-19 pandemic put clinical research in the media spotlight globally. This article proposes a first measure of familiarity with and attitude toward clinical research in France. Drawing from the “Health Literacy Survey 2019” (HLS19) conducted online between 27 May and 5 June 2020 on a sample of the French adult population (N = 1003), we show that a significant proportion of the French population claimed some familiarity with clinical trials (64.8%) and had positive attitudes (72%) toward them. One of the important findings of this study is that positive attitudes toward clinical research exist side by side with a strong distancing from the pharmaceutical industry. While respondents acknowledged that the pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in clinical research (68.3%), only one-quarter indicated that they trust the industry (25.7%). Positive attitudes toward clinical trials were associated with familiarity with clinical trials (Odds Ratio, OR 2.97 [1.90–4.63]), financial difficulties (OR 0.63 [0.46–0.85]), as well as mistrust of doctors (0.48 [0.27–0.85]) and of scientists (OR 0.62 [0.38–0.99]). Although the French media provided a great deal of information on how clinical research works during the first months of the pandemic, there remains profound mistrust of the pharmaceutical industry in France. This suspicion can undermine crisis management, especially in the areas of vaccine development and preparation for future pandemics.

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Seppey Mathieu, Somé Paul-André et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Sustainability determinants of the Burkinabe performance-based financing project », Journal of Health Organization and Management, ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) (février 5). DOI : 10.1108/JHOM-04-2020-0137. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHOM-04-2020-0137/full/html.

Résumé : A performance-based financing (PBF) pilot project was implemented in 2011 in Burkina Faso. After more than five years of implementation (data collection in 2016), the project's sustainability was not guaranteed. This study's objective is to assess this project's sustainability in 2016 by identifying the presence/absence of different determinants of sustainability according to the conceptual framework of Seppey et al. (2017). Design/methodology/approach It uses a case study approach using in-depth interviews with various actors at the local, district/regional and national levels. Participants (n= 37) included health practitioners, management team members, implementers and senior members of health directions. A thematic analysis based on the conceptual framework was conducted, as well as an inductive analysis. Findings Results show the project's sustainability level was weak according to an unequal presence of sustainability's determinants; some activities are being maintained but not fully routinised. Discrepancies between the project and the context's values appeared to be important barriers towards sustainability. Project's ownership by key stakeholders also seemed superficial despite the implementers' leadership towards its success. The project's objective towards greater autonomy for health centres was also directly confronting the Burkinabe's hierarchical health system. Originality/value This study reveals many fits and misfits between a PBF project and its context affecting its ability to sustain activities through time. It also underlines the importance of using a conceptual framework in implementing and evaluating interventions. These results could be interesting for decision-makers and implementers in further assessing PBF projects elsewhere.

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