Publications des membres du Ceped

2023

Article de revue


  • Touré Laurence, Boivin Pauline, Diarra Yacouba, Diabaté Seydou et Ridde Valéry (2023) « Innovations in mutuality: challenges and learnings for the Universal Health Insurance Plan in Mali », BMJ Global Health, 7 (Suppl 9) (mars), p. e011055. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011055. https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011055.
    Résumé : Background Many Sahel countries in Africa are looking for solutions for universal health coverage (UHC). Mali is in the process of adopting the Universal Health Insurance Plan, which allows for the mutualisation of existing schemes. Its operationalisation requires numerous adjustments to the current mutualist proposal and innovations in the system. The study focuses on innovations experienced in mutuality and their conditions of scale for UHC in Mali. Methods This is qualitative research by multiple case studies. It is based on the collection of data by interviews (n=136), at a national and local level, on the analysis of documents (n=42) and a long field observation (7 months). The analytical framework concerns the dissemination and maintenance of health innovations (Greenhalgh et al, 2004). Result The analysis of this innovation shows an interest in the technical and institutional viability that determines its performance and scale-up. The procrastination and scepticism displayed at the highest level of the state and the international level, the reluctance, both financial and ideological, to renew the old mutualist proposal, penalise this Malian experiment. Conclusion This innovation is a decisive step in ensuring the health coverage of Mali’s agricultural and informal sectors. The reform will need to be amplified and supported in the future to expect the scale-up of a cheaper, technically and institutionally more efficient system. Without a political intention to mobilise national resources and accept a fundamental paradigm shift in health financing, the search for the financial viability of mutuality may, again, be at the expense of the performance.
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  • Zitti Tony, Coulibaly Abdouramane, Gali-Gali Idriss Ali Zakaria, Ridde Valery et Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie (2023) « A comparative study of community verification processes in the context of performance-based financing in Mali and Burkina Faso », International Journal of Public Sector Management (septembre 4). DOI : 10.1108/IJPSM-02-2023-0063. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJPSM-02-2023-0063/full/html.
    Résumé : Purpose This article compares the processes of community verification (CV) and user satisfaction surveys during the implementation of performance-based financing (PBF) in Mali and Burkina Faso. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a qualitative approach based on a multiple-case study design. Data were collected from August 10 to 25, 2017, in Mali, and from January to May 2016 in Burkina Faso. In Mali, 191 semi-structured interviews were conducted with investigators (people who collect information from health centre users in the communities, using survey tools), users, users' relatives, and health workers in three of the 10 health districts in the Koulikoro region. In Burkina Faso, 241 non-participatory observation sessions were recorded in a research diary, and 92 semi-structured interviews and informal discussions were conducted with investigators, community verifiers, users, PBF support staff at the national level, and administrative staff in one of the 15 health districts involved in PBF. The data were analysed inductively. Findings In both Mali and Burkina Faso, the delayed availability of survey forms led to a delay in starting the surveys. In Mali, to get off to a quick start, some investigators went to health centres to conduct the sampling with their supervisors. In both countries, investigators reported difficulties in finding certain users in the community due to incorrect spelling of names, lack of telephone details, incomplete information on the forms, common or similar sounding names within the community, and user mobility. There was little interference from health workers during user selection and surveys in both countries. In both countries, many surveys were conducted in the presence of the user's family (husband, father-in-law, brother, uncle, etc.) and the person accompanying the investigator. Also in both countries, some investigators filled in forms without investigating. They justified this data fabrication by the inadequate time available for the survey and the difficulty or impossibility of finding certain users. In both countries, the results were not communicated to health centre staff or users in either country. Research limitations/implications CV and user satisfaction surveys are important components of PBF implementation. However, their implementation and evaluation remain complex. The instruments for CV and user satisfaction surveys for PBF need to be adapted and simplified to the local context. Emphasis should be placed on data analysis and the use of CV results. Originality/value There are similarities and differences in the CV process and user satisfaction surveys in Mali and Burkina Faso. In Mali, the data from the user satisfaction survey was not analyzed, while in Burkina Faso, the analysis did not allow for feedback. The local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that carried out the CV were pre-financed for 50% of the amount in Mali. In Burkina Faso, community-based organisations (CBOs) were not pre-financed. The lack of financing negatively impacted the conduction of the surveys. In Mali, fraudulent completion of survey forms by interviewers was more common in urban than in rural areas. In Burkina Faso, the frauds concerned consultations for children under five years of age. In Burkina Faso, the survey form was not adapted to collect data on the level of satisfaction of the indigent. Key messages There were similarities and differences in the community verification (CV) processes in Mali and Burkina Faso. In both Mali and Burkina Faso, tracing users within their community was difficult for several reasons, including incorrect or incomplete information on forms, common or similar names, and user mobility. In both countries, there was no feedback on the results of the CV process to health centre staff or users. Survey forms were falsified by investigators in both countries. In Mali, falsification was more common in urban than in rural areas. In Burkina Faso, falsification was more often observed for consultations for children under five years of age.
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Chapitre de livre

  • Bonnet Emmanuel, Lechat L. et Ridde Valéry (2023) « Quelles sont les interventions nécessaires pour réduire les accidents de la route en Afrique ? : une revue de la littérature », Ed. Science et Bien Commun. https://hal.science/hal-04130164.

  • Bonnet Emmanuel, Nikiema A., Adoléhoumé A. et Ridde Valérie (2023) « De meilleures données pour mieux agir : repenser les données sur les accidents de la route en Afrique de l'Ouest francophone », Ed. Science et Bien Commun. https://hal.science/hal-04129455.

  • Bonnet Emmanuel, Nikiema A., Traoré Z., Sidebega S. et Ridde Valéry (2023) « Solutions technologiques pour un système de surveillance sanitaire efficace des accidents de la route au Burkina Faso », Ed. Science et Bien Commun. https://hal.science/hal-04129984.

  • Dagenais C., Proulx M., Sween-Cadieux M. C., Nikiema A., Bonnet Emmanuel, Ridde Valéry et Somé P. A. (2023) « Recherche collaborative et transfert des connaissances sur les accidents de la route au Burkina Faso : le point de vue de la police 18 mois plus tard », Ed. Science et Bien Commun. https://hal.science/hal-04130581.

  • Gérard Etienne et Kuri R. Grediaga (2023) « De la dérégulation du marché de l'enseignement supérieur à l'élitisme méritocratique : réflexions sur la fabrique des inégalités par les secteurs privés : introduction », Karthala. https://hal.science/hal-04143804.

  • Kuri R. Grediaga, Gérard Etienne et López M. (2023) « L'enseignement supérieur sous le joug du marché : universités privées au Mexique et inégalités sociales », Karthala. https://hal.science/hal-04143815.

  • Larmarange Joseph et Broqua Christophe (2023) « Orientation sexuelle et identité de genre : quelles catégories d'enquête en Afrique subsaharienne ? », in Minorités de genre et de sexualité : objectivation, catégorisations et pratiques d'enquête, éd. par Wilfried Rault et Mathieu Trachman, Ined Éditions, p. 191-207. (Méthodes et Savoirs). https://hal.science/hal-04194856.
    Résumé : À l’inverse de quelques travaux pionniers en sciences humaines et sociales, la question de l’homosexualité masculine est restée inexistante dans les enquêtes quantitatives en Afrique subsaharienne jusqu’au début des années 2000, malgré les épidémies de VIH qui ravageaient le continent. C’est en 2005 qu’est publiée, pour la première fois, une étude quantitative bio-comportementale (Wade et al., 2005) sur une population d’hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes (HSH) en Afrique – en l’occurrence au Sénégal. Le principal résultat concernait la prévalence du VIH : sur les 463 hommes interrogés, 22 % étaient infectés par le VIH, et ce dans un pays, le Sénégal, connu pour sa faible prévalence en population générale (moins de 1 %). Mais l’enquête apportait aussi d’autres informations importantes, notamment au sujet de l’orientation sexuelle : 94 % des répondants déclaraient avoir eu des relations sexuelles avec des femmes au moins une fois au cours de leur vie. Cette proportion élevée d’hommes ayant des pratiques bisexuelles est devenue un élément récurrent des enquêtes sur les HSH en Afrique, et l’un des aspects les plus discutés. Depuis le milieu des années 2000, parallèlement à une attention internationale croissante accordée aux HSH dans les pays à ressources limitées et une pression politique des bailleurs internationaux pour la prise en compte des populations dites « clés » dans la riposte aux épidémies de VIH, les enquêtes quantitatives sur les HSH se sont développées exponentiellement en Afrique subsaharienne. À partir des années 2010, une partie d’entre elles aussi exploré l’identité de genre et certaines publications ont concerné plus, spécifiquement, les personnes « transgenres ». Ce chapitre fait le point sur ces dimensions telles qu’elles apparaissent dans la littérature disponible, en examinant les connaissances dont nous disposons sur les différentes populations que recouvre la catégorie HSH. À partir d’une revue de littérature exhaustive, nous recensons les catégories que mettent en évidence les enquêtes quantitatives du point de vue de l’orientation sexuelle (articulant plusieurs dimensions, dont le pôle d’activité sexuelle, l’orientation sexuelle déclarée et l’attirance sexuelle) et de l’identité de genre. L’objectif est de savoir si les dimensions investiguées sont suffisantes pour la compréhension fine, tant des logiques sociales de la sexualité que des comportements et des identités, et de questionner la façon dont est pensée la diversité des profils au sein de la catégorie HSH. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que les catégories utilisées sont importées des pays du Nord et plaquées sur les pays africains au détriment des catégories et représentations locales, en suivant un agenda international lié à l’épidémie de VIH, qui dicte la définition des catégories à investiguer. Après de nombreuses décennies au cours desquelles s’est construite l’image d’un continent exclusivement hétérosexuel, le développement exponentiel des enquêtes épidémiologiques sur les HSH en Afrique ne témoigne-t-il pas lui aussi d’un travers, certes inverse, en dessinant des formes d’orientation sexuelle et d’identité de genre minoritaires de manière réductrice et schématique ?
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  • Loan D. Thi Bich, Henaff Nolwen et Ha T. Tri Thai (2023) « L'enseignement supérieur privé au Vietnam : un facteur d'augmentation ou de réduction des inégalités ? », Karthala. https://hal.science/hal-04143806.

  • Petitfour L., Bonnet Emmanuel, Mathevet I., Nikiema A. et Ridde Valéry (2023) « Paiements directs et dépenses catastrophiques liés aux accidents de la route à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso », Ed. Science et Bien Commun. https://hal.science/hal-04130129.
  • Schantz Clémence et Hancart Petitet Pascale (2023) « Circulation and Exportation of the Japanese Childbirth Model in Southern-East Asia. Preliminary Insights from Cambodia », in Rethinking Asia in World Politics, par Joanna Ciesielska-Klikowska, Łódź : Lodz University Press, p. 253-266. (Contemporary Asian Studies Series).


  • Mick Carola et Godenzzi Juan Carlos (2023) « Discurso y poder en potencia. En torno a la interculturalidad en el Perú », in Lenguaje y cultura: Homenaje a Angelita Martínez, éd. par Adriana Speranza, Gabriela Bravo De Laguna, et Ivana Mestriner, La Plata : Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, p. 349-380. ISBN : 978-950-34-2207-6. https://libros.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/index.php/libros/catalog/book/215.
    Résumé : Este volumen en homenaje a la labor académica y docente de Angelita Martínez pretende reconocer la trayectoria de una investigadora incansable. Su obra se conoce en los espacios de mayor difusión de la ciencia lingüística. En esta Facultad desarrolló su tarea docente y de investigación, en primer término, desde la cátedra de Filología Hispánica, y luego desde la cátedra de Lingüística. Actualmente conduce el Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Lingüísticas y la Maestría en Lingüística. Su labor le ha permitido consolidar vínculos académicos y personales tanto nacionales como internacionales, que se plasman en esta compilación a través de una serie de trabajos de lingüistas pertenecientes a distintas perspectivas teóricas y espacios geográficos que comparten su interés por el funcionamiento del lenguaje. Se incluyen además los trabajos de discípulas que han finalizado sus posgrados y que dan cuenta del camino transitado y los logros alcanzados de la mano de su generosa formadora.
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  • Sween-Cadieux E. Mc, Dagenais C. et Ridde Valéry (2023) « Une évaluation mixte d'un atelier délibératif sur les accidents de la route au Burkina Faso », Ed. Science et Bien Commun. https://hal.science/hal-04130592.
Article de colloque

  • Becquet Valentine, Plazy Mélanie, Kissi Evelyne, Nouaman Marcellin N., Coffie Patrick, Eholié Serge et Larmarange Joseph (2023) « “It’s hard to take it every day”: initiations, discontinuations& perceptions of oral preexposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Côte d’Ivoire » (communication orale), présenté à AIDS Impact Conference, Stockholm. https://hal.science/hal-04119974.
    Résumé : Introduction/objective(s) The paper aims to describe oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiations and discontinuations among female sex workers (FSWs) in Côte d’Ivoire, and to elaborate broader considerations about their perceptions, through barriers and facilitators of PrEP use. Methods The ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE project provides a comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare package, including PrEP, among a cohort of FSWs aged ≥18 years in the San Pedro region. This package is offered in a community clinic and through a mobile clinic operating on 10 prostitution sites (visited every two weeks) for 45 months (12/2019-06/2023). The analysis is based on qualitative interviews with 38 FSWs conducted in December 2019, September 2021, March and May 2022, and clinical records related to PrEP use filled out by the physicians. Results Interviews showed that many women identified the protective effect of PrEP against HIV despite sometimes being afraid of side effects. Few women reported perceiving no benefit of PrEP compared to condoms. End-February 2023, 406 HIV- and HBV-negative women were included : 388 (96%) declared their interest in PrEP. Among them, 218 (56%) exited care within 6 weeks, 4 were not interested in PrEP anymore, and only 165 (43%) initiated PrEP. In interviews, some women explained having stopped PrEP immediately because of side effects. Some women also reported having stopped PrEP after a few weeks because of their difficulties in taking a daily treatment at a fixed time. FSWs also shared that a major reason for PrEP discontinuation is related to periods of mobility when they leave to visit their families and no longer work. These women sometimes re-initiated PrEP, but not immediately after starting sex work again. Among the 165 FSWs who initiated PrEP, 60 (36%) attended their first PrEP follow-up visit, of whom 16 (27%) reported having discontinued PrEP. Among the latest, 4 (25%) reported not being interested anymore. The other 12 and the 44 who did not discontinue PrEP received a second prescription. At each subsequent visit of PrEP follow-up, a part of the women reported PrEP discontinuation, and some decided to stop PrEP. More broadly, the confidence in PrEP is not total among women interviewed. Some reported rumours and fear of being identified as HIV-positive among colleagues. Others used simultaneously other means to protect against HIV, such as enema after condomless sex, because PrEP is taken once a day and not after each intercourse. Discussion/conclusion/implications Although loss to follow-up was a major issue, it was not the only barrier to PrEP initiation and retention. Despite high levels of interest in PrEP, PrEP discontinuation was frequent, partly linked to periods of mobility. Oral daily PrEP is not a magic bullet : it sometimes appears difficult for FSWs to articulate PrEP with other daily priorities. FSWs regularly evaluate the balance between constraints and benefits at each step of the process. In this specific population of FSWs, there is an urgent need to find new ways of simplifying HIV biomedical prevention.
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  • Fotso Arlette Simo, Kouassi Arsene Kra, Boily Marie-Claude, Silhol Romain, Vautier Anthony et Larmarange Joseph (2023) « Knowledge, attitude and practices towards HIV testing following the introduction of self-testing: The case of the ATLAS project in Côte d’Ivoire » (poster), présenté à AIDS Impact Conference, Stockholm. https://hal.science/hal-04120627.
    Résumé : Background HIV testing is a central element of the strategy to end AIDS epidemic, as status awareness is the entry point to HIV care. In West Africa, only 68% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) were aware of their HIV status in 2019. To address the testing gap, the ATLAS project distributed a total of 400000 self-tests (HIVST) in three West African countries between 2019 and 2022, including 200 000 kits in Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of this study is to assess levels and correlates of knowledge, attitude and practice towards HIV conventional testing (tests other than HIVST) and self-testing after the introduction of HIVST in Cote d’Ivoire. Method We conducted the population-based cross-sectional in the Bas-Sassandra District of Côte d’Ivoire, 24 months after HIVST was introduced in the region by ATLAS. ATLAS Household Survey (AHS) used a three-stage stratified sampling approach – 3 of the strata are the 3 departments with ATLAS activities and 1 includes departments with almost none, each further stratified on urban and rural settings. Face-to- face interviews were conducted in a representative a sample of the population aged 15-49. One main objective of the survey was to assess the effect of the ATLAS initiative on HIV testing. Weighed proportions and chi-square tests were used to assess knowledge of, attitude towards and practice of HIV conventional and self testing, comparing male and female on the one hand and departments with and without ATLAS HIVST distribution activities on the other hand. Logistic regressions were used to identified factors associated with knowledge of, attitude towards and practice of HIV conventional and self testing (ongoing analysis). Preliminary results A total of 6274 people with median age of 29 were interviewed and completed the questionnaire (3205 males and 3069 females). Most participants were in couple (44% males and 59% females) and have attended school (63% males and 45% females). Despite most participants knowing about HIV-AIDS (97 % Males and 96% females), very few reported having heard about HIVST (11% males and 10% females). However, most participants showed a positive attitude toward HIVST and reported that they would be interested/very interested to use it if freely available for themselves (75% males and 71% females), as well as for their sexual partners. About 18% of females and 10% of males reported having performed at least 1 conventional test in the last 12 months, while 3% of participants had already used a HIVST in the past. Conclusion Although knowledge and use of HIVST remain relatively low in the region, participants show a positive attitude toward HIVST, and express willingness to use it if freely available. Next results will tell how the observed results differ between participants living in department with ATLAS HIVST distribution and others, and how significant are the differences. It will also provide an overview of associated factors. This will provide policy makers with tools for potential actions in order to improve HIV testing and advance progress towards UNAIDS targets to achieve 95 % of PLHIV who know their status by 2025.
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  • Kouassi Arsene Kra, Fotso Arlette Simo, Rouveau Nicolas, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Silhol Romain, d’Elbée Marc, Vautier Anthony et Larmarange Joseph (2023) « Estimating HIV self-testing positivity rate and linkage to confirmatory testing and care: a telephone survey in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal » (communication orale), présenté à AIDS Impact Conference, Stockholm. https://hal.science/hal-04120705.
    Résumé : Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) empowers individuals and allow them to decide when/where to test and with whom to share their result. Between 2019 and 2022, the ATLAS program distributed 400 000 HIVST kits in a mixed epidemic context (Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal), prioritizing key populations, including female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM), and encouraged secondary distribution of HIVST to their partners, peers and FSW clients. To preserve its confidential nature, distributed HIVST kits were not systematically tracked. An anonymous phone survey was implemented among its users to estimate test positivity rates and linkage to confirmatory testing and care. Methods We conducted a two-step survey. Between March and June 2021, participants were recruited using dedicated leaflets distributed with HIVST kits, inviting users to call a free phone number anonymously (participation was rewarded USD $3.40) and to complete a sociobehavioural questionnaire (phase 1), including the self-reported number of visible lines on their HIVST kits and their interpretation of results. In September and October 2021, participants who reported a reactive HIVST result in phase 1 and agreed to be re-contacted were recalled to complete a short questionnaire (phase 2) on linkage to confirmatory testing and care. Results During phase 1, 2 615 participants were recruited: 2 346 (89.7%) reported a consistent HIVST result (2 visible lines and result interpreted as reactive; one line and interpreted as non-reactive; or no/one line and interpreted as invalid), 48 (1.8%) reported an inconsistent result and 221 (8.5%) did not know (DK) how to interpret their result or refused to answer. HIVST positivity rates ranged from 2.4% to 4.5%, depending on different assumptions (self-interpreted result or reported number of lines, inclusion or exclusion of DK and refusals). Among men who received an HIVST through activities targeting MSM, positivity rates ranged from 3.2% to 4.8%, and from 2.2% to 4.2% for women reached through activities targeting FSW. Among 126 phase 1 participants eligible for phase 2, 120 agreed to be re-contacted, and 78 fully completed the phase 2 questionnaire. Among the 27 who reported a consistent reactive result in the phase 1 questionnaire, 15 (56%, 95%CI: 36-74%) linked to confirmatory test, including 12 (80%) confirmed HIV-positive, which all started treatment (100%). Linkage was lower among those who reported an inconsistent result in phase 1(37%, 95%CI: 24-52%). Among those confirming reactive self-tests, 53% did it in less than one week following self-testing, and 91% in less than three months. Two-thirds (65%) went to a general public facility and one-third to a facility dedicated to key populations. Conclusion Our HIVST distribution strategy successfully reached people living with HIV in West Africa. Linkage to confirmatory testing remained sub-optimal in these first years of HIVST implementation. However, if confirmed HIV-positive, almost all initiated treatment. The majority of those who linked to confirmatory testing went to a general facility, suggesting that HIVST has the potential to reach more discrete populations. HIVST constitutes a complementary tool to existing screening services.
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  • Lacroix S., Moisseron Jean-Yves et Montclos Marc-Antoine Pérouse de (2023) « Un Islam sans frontières ? : le Sahel, le monde arabe et la Oumma : processus de diffusion des idées islamiques : table-ronde no 1 » (IRD ; MEAE), présenté à Rencontre Sahel-Méditerranée. https://hal.science/hal-04109571.
    Résumé : Au-delà des inquiétudes sur la résurgence du djihadisme en Afrique, cette table-ronde questionnera les approches globales du rôle politique de l'Islam, entre l'Afrique subsaharienne et le monde arabe. On y analysera le rapport des acteurs religieux à l'Etat, y compris sur le plan diplomatique à partir d'exemples marocain et saoudien. On montrera également que la circulation des idées islamiques ne se fait pas à sens unique et que les mouvements de protestation islamique (violents ou non) sont très largement issus des dynamiques locales qui les façonnent.
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  • Larmarange Joseph (2023) « Recherche interventionnelle dans la lutte contre le VIH : apport des sciences sociales et des sciences de la mise en œuvre pour transformer des innovations efficaces en interventions efficientes » (communication orale), présenté à Afrique Global Health, Dakar. https://hal.science/hal-04133715.

  • Plazy Mélanie, Becquet Valentine, Maouhoub Esther, Meertens Carla, Mouquin Remi, Youssoufa Hasna, Nouaman Marcellin N., Coffie Patrick et Larmarange Joseph (2023) « PrEP among female sex workers: where are we? A literature review identifying knowledge gaps to guide the future research agenda » (communication orale), présenté à AIDS Impact Conference, Stockholm. https://hal.science/hal-04120001.
    Résumé : Objectives. In 2015, the WHO recommended HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for people at substantial risk of being infected by HIV, but also highlighted the need for research projects to improve PrEP implementation and follow-up, especially among female sex workers (FSW). While many studies have been published on PrEP among men who have sex with men, the literature is far less important among FSW. We aim to summarise the overall published literature on PrEP among FSW worldwide to display the challenges and facilitators of PrEP implementation in this population and highlight the knowledge gaps. Methods. We have conducted a systematic literature review searching Pubmed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, SocINDEX, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, until 31 December 2022. All manuscripts on PrEP in FSW were included worldwide, regardless of the primary outcome, the type of PrEP (oral, topical or long-acting), the study design, or the type of data collection. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by three reviewers, and full texts by two reviewers. We excluded papers: not presenting specific or stratified results on FSW; study protocols; conference abstracts; not written in English or French. Two independent reviewers then reviewed each included study to extract: Unaids region, country, study type, outcomes (see description in the results), type of PrEP, and study years. The results of the included papers will be analysed in more detail by one reviewer for each type of outcome. Results. Among the 412 published references identified through the search equation after duplicate removal, 198 were excluded based on the title and abstract, and 69 were excluded after full-text reading. Among the 145 papers included, n=10 were commentaries, n=17 literature reviews on global HIV prevention or including several populations, n=3 country case studies, n=24 modelling studies and n=91 other original papers. Among the latest, n=51 studies were conducted in Eastern and Southern Africa, n=13 in Western and Central Africa, n=11 in Asia and the Pacific, n=9 in Western and Central Europe and North America, n=7 in Latin America and the Caribbean; no studies were conducted in the Middle East and North Africa or Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The majority (n=85) were about oral PrEP. Regarding outcomes, n=39 were on knowledge/awareness, n=42 on willingness/interest, n=38 on attitudes/perceptions/beliefs, n=42 on uptake/use, n=21 on retention, n=23 on adherence, n=4 on efficacy/effectiveness, n=3 on epidemiological impacts, n=18 on behavioural impacts, n=5 on social impacts, n=10 on delivery models, n=9 on costs. Specific results for each type of outcome is in progress. Preliminary results suggest high PrEP willingness among FSW, but specific challenges regarding oral PrEP uptake and retention in this population. Discussion. The overall literature on PrEP focusing on FSW is relatively scarce (compared to more than 1850 references on PrEP among men who have sex with men identified on Pubmed by the end of 2022). The final results of this literature review will be available by May 2023. They will allow to guide the future research agenda regarding the implementation of biomedical HIV prevention among FSW.
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  • Pourette Dolorès (2023) « Réorganiser la distribution des médicaments antirétroviraux pour les personnes vivant avec le VIH à Antananarivo (1ère vague de l’épidémie de Covid-19) : enjeux de mobilité et de confidentialité » (Communication orale), présenté à L’océan Indien traversé par l’épidémie de COVID-19, colloque organisé par l'OPPEE et le LCF, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis.
Thèse
Rapport

  • Duchesne Véronique, Langewiesche Katrin, Pilon Marc, Dasré Aurélien, Degorce Alice, Guiblehon Bony, Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine et Saint-Lary Maud (2023) Quelle prise en compte de la religion dans les sources de données démographiques en Afrique ?, Working Papers du CEPED (55), Paris : Ceped, 30 p. https://www.ceped.org/wp55.
    Résumé : Ce texte propose, à l’échelle de l’Afrique, un état des lieux de l’évolution de la manière dont la religion est renseignée (ou non) dans les recensements nationaux de la population et certaines enquêtes démographiques nationales, depuis les années 1960 jusqu’à la fin des années 2010. Nous nous intéressons d’abord à l’évolution de la place accordée au recueil d’informations sur la religion dans les sources de données démographiques déjà évoquées. Puis nous questionnons les catégories religieuses rete-nues par les diverses opérations de collecte. Sur la base de plus de 100 recensements étudiés (concernant 38 pays) ainsi que toutes les enquêtes EDS et MICS, il ressort une prise en compte croissante de la religion. Poser une question relative à la religion est toujours laissée à l’appréciation des pays. Les modalités retenues s’avèrent d’une très grande diversité à l’échelle du conti-nent. L’analyse de ces modalités met en évidence que celles-ci varient non pas seulement selon les pays, mais aussi selon les opérations de collecte, ainsi que dans le temps au sein d’un même pays. Dans tous les cas, les choix qui sont faits conditionnent les chiffres qui en résultent, notamment en termes de « poids démographique » de telle ou telle catégorie religieuse.
    Pièce jointe Duchesne et al. - 2023 - Quelle prise en compte de la religion dans les sou.pdf 566.9 kio (source)
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  • Sandron Frédéric (2023) Vieillissement de la population et réchauffement climatique au 21e siècle : une crise en perspective ?, Working Papers du Ceped (56), Paris : Ceped. https://hal.science/hal-04136455.
    Résumé : Les changements climatiques en cours ainsi que le vieillissement de la population mondiale sont deux mutations majeures du 21e siècle qui vont bouleverser nos sociétés. Beaucoup étudiés indépendamment par les spécialistes du climat et par les démographes, ces deux phénomènes sont plus rarement analysés dans leurs interrelations. C'est ce qui est proposé ici en étudiant plus spécifiquement l'impact du réchauffement climatique sur les conditions de vie et le bien-être des seniors.
    Pièce jointe Sandron_2023_Vieillissement de la population et réchauffement climatique au 21e siècle.pdf 1.1 Mio
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Programme informatique
Présentation
Document

  • Kouassi Kra Djuhe Arsene, Fotso Arlette Simo, Rouveau Nicolas, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Silhol Romain, d'Elbee Marc, Vautier Anthony et Larmarange Joseph (2023) « HIV self-testing positivity rate and linkage to confirmatory testing and care: a telephone survey in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal ». https://hal.science/hal-04127016.
    Résumé : HIV self-testing (HIVST) empowers individuals by allowing them to decide when and where to test and with whom to share their results. From 2019 to 2022, the ATLAS program distributed ≈ 400 000 HIVST kits in Côte d Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal. It prioritised key populations, including female sex workers and men who have sex with men, and encouraged secondary distribution of HIVST to their partners, peers and clients. To preserve the confidential nature of HIVST, use of kits and HIVST results were not systematically tracked. Therefore, an anonymous phone survey was conducted to estimate HIVST positivity rates and linkage to confirmatory testing and care. This two-step survey involved an initial recruitment phase from March to June 2021 where participants were encouraged via leaflets to call a free phone number and complete a sociobehavioural questionnaire. This was followed by a second phase in September and October 2021, where participants who reported a reactive HIVST result were re-contacted to complete a further questionnaire. Of the 2 615 participants recruited during the first phase, 89.7% reported consistent results (2 visible lines and result interpreted as reactive; one line and interpreted as non-reactive; or no/one line and interpreted as invalid). HIVST positivity rates varied between 2.4% to 9.1% based on calculation methods (i.e. self-interpreted result or reported number of lines, inclusion or exclusion of don t knows and refusals). The second phase saw 78 out of 126 eligible participants complete the questionnaire. Of the 27 who reported a consistent reactive result in the first phase, 15 (56%, 95%CI: 36 to 74%) underwent confirmatory HIV testing, with 12 (80%) confirmed as HIV-positive, all of whom began antiretroviral treatment. The confirmation rate of HIVST results was fast, with 53% doing so within a week and 91% within three months of self-testing. Two-thirds (65%) went to a general public facility, and one-third to a facility dedicated to key populations. The ATLAS HIVST distribution strategy reached people living with HIV in West Africa. Linkage to confirmatory testing remained sub-optimal in these first years of HIVST implementation. However, if confirmed HIV-positive, almost all initiated treatment. HIVST constitutes a relevant complementary tool to existing screening services.
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Prépublication (preprint)


  • Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Soni Nirali, Fotso Arlette Simo, Rouveau Nicolas, Vautier Anthony, Doumenc-Aidara Clemence, Geoffroy Olivier, N'Guessan Kouassi Noel, Sidibe Younoussa, Kabemba Ode Kanku, Gueye Papa Alioune, Mukandavire Christinah, Vickerman Peter, Keita Abdelaye, Ndour Cheikh Tidiane, Ehui Eboi, Larmarange Joseph, Boily Marie-Claude et Team The ATLAS (2023) « Assessing the potential population-level impacts of HIV self-testing distribution among key populations in Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal: a mathematical modelling analysis », medRxiv. DOI : 10.1101/2023.08.23.23294498. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.23294498v2.
    Résumé : Background: A third of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Western Africa had an undiagnosed infection in 2020. In 2019-2021, the ATLAS programme has distributed a total of 380 000 HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits to key populations (KP) including female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM), and their partners in Cote d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal. We predicted the potential impact of ATLAS and of national HIVST scale-up strategies among KP. Methods: A deterministic model of HIV transmission was calibrated to country-specific empirical HIV and intervention data over time. We simulated scenarios reflecting 1) the actual ATLAS HIVST distribution only over 2019-2021 (~2% of all tests done in countries), and 2) ATLAS followed by a scale-up of HIVST distribution to KP (total of ~570 000 kits distributed each year). Impacts on HIV diagnosis, new HIV infections and deaths were derived using counterfactual scenarios without HIVST. Findings: ATLAS was predicted to substantially increase HIV diagnosis among KP by the end of 2021, especially among MSM in Mali (94.3 percentage point [pp] increase), and a 1.0pp increase overall. ATLAS might have averted a median of 706 new HIV infections among KP over 2019-2028 in the 3 countries combined, especially among MSM, and 1794 new HIV infections (0.4-3.3% of all new HIV infections across countries) and 591 HIV-related deaths overall. HIVST scale-up increased HIV diagnosis at the end of 2028 by around 8pp among FSW and 33pp among MSM in every country. Overall increases ranged from 1.0pp (Cote d'Ivoire) to 11.0pp (Senegal). HIVST scale-up may avert 3-5% of new HIV infections among FSW, 3-10% among FSW clients, and 20-28% among MSM across countries (and 2-16% overall), and avert 13-18% of HIV-related deaths among MSM over 2019-2028. Interpretation: Scaling-up HIVST distribution among KP in Western Africa may substantially attenuate disparities in access to HIV testing and help reduce HIV infections and deaths among KP and their partners.
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2022

Article de revue

  • Atlani-Duault Laetitia, Dubec Sophie et Morin Celine (2022) « Press coverage of sexual abuse by members of the Catholic Church in France (2016–2020) », European Journal of Communication (novembre 27). DOI : 10.1177/026732312211425.
    Résumé : While sexual abuse by members of the Catholic Church is a topic of growing importance, and the subject of much work to understand its construction as a public problem, little research has attempted to analyse the press coverage of this phenomenon. This article focuses on French press coverage of sexual violence committed by Catholic Church members between 2016 and 2020, a period of intense coverage, and aims to grasp its causes and solutions as reported in the daily national press. Based on content analysis using an inductive framing grid that lists the causes and solutions reported by four major national daily newspapers, the study results reveal a tendency to highlight systemic causes, particularly the role played by the silence of the Church in the perpetuation of violence, while reporting extensively on individual cases. This reflects both the strong movement of recognition of the victims, as well as their driving role in the newspapers’ exposure of the phenomenon.
    Mots-clés : ⚠️ Invalid DOI.
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  • Aumond Florian, Petit Véronique et Robin Nelly (2022) « COVID-19, migrations et parcours : ruptures et continuités », Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 1-2 (28), p. 7-36. DOI : 10.4000/remi.19909.


  • Berriane Yasmine, Hassabo Chaymaa et Elsadda Hoda (2022) « Le « devoir d'essayer ». Trajectoire d'une chercheuse féministe engagée. », Mondes arabes, p. 137. DOI : 10.3917/machr2.002.0137. https://hal.science/hal-03888552.
    Résumé : Peu connue des milieux francophones, Hoda Elsadda est, aujourd’hui, une référence incontournable de la recherche menée sur les sociétés du Maghreb et du Machrek dans les milieux universitaires arabophones et anglophones. Ses recherches couvrent les études sur le genre, l’histoire orale, la littérature, l’histoire intellectuelle, les mobilisations politiques et, enfin, la production et la circulation des savoirs dans une perspective postcoloniale. De plus – et elle le revendique d’ailleurs pleinement –, sa trajectoire académique est intimement liée à son engagement politique et militant : mobilisations pour les droits des femmes et contre les intrusions policières dans les universités, engagement politique et participation dans des instances de réforme gouvernementale, implication dans des initiatives de diffusion et de traduction de la recherche arabophone, création de fonds d’archives permettant d’écrire une contre-histoire des femmes. Le récit qu’elle nous offre sur les différentes étapes de sa vie, au Caire où elle est née en 1958, à Beyrouth où elle a vécu les premières années de la guerre civile, à Oxford où elle a préparé une partie de sa thèse, à Manchester où elle a été professeure pendant six ans avant de retourner au Caire en 2011, nous renseigne sur le développement du milieu universitaire et militant en Égypte, et il nous éclaire aussi (voire surtout) sur les crises, les doutes, les espoirs et les multiples revirements qui peuvent marquer une trajectoire d’intellectuelle engagée.
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  • Cavallaro Francesca L, Kabore Charles P, Pearson Rachel, Blackburn Ruth M, Sobhy Soha, Betran Ana Pilar, Ronsmans Carine et Dumont Alexandre (2022) « Does hospital variation in intrapartum-related perinatal mortality among caesarean births reflect differences in quality of care? Cross-sectional study in 21 hospitals in Burkina Faso », BMJ Open, 12 (10) (octobre 1), p. e055241. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055241. http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/10/e055241.abstract.
    Résumé : Objectives To examine hospital variation in crude and risk-adjusted rates of intrapartum-related perinatal mortality among caesarean births.Design Secondary analysis of data from the DECIDE (DECIsion for caesarean DElivery) cluster randomised trial postintervention phase.Setting 21 district and regional hospitals in Burkina Faso.Participants All 5134 women giving birth by caesarean section in a 6-month period in 2016.Primary outcome measure Intrapartum-related perinatal mortality (fresh stillbirth or neonatal death within 24 hours of birth).Results Almost 1 in 10 of 5134 women giving birth by caesarean experienced an intrapartum-related perinatal death. Crude mortality rates varied substantially from 21 to 189 per 1000 between hospitals. Variation was markedly reduced after adjusting for case mix differences (the median OR decreased from 1.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.5) to 1.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.7)). However, higher and more variable adjusted mortality persisted among hospitals performing fewer caesareans per month. Additionally, adjusting for caesarean care components did not further reduce variation (median OR=1.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.8)).Conclusions There is a high burden of intrapartum-related perinatal deaths among caesarean births in Burkina Faso and sub-Saharan Africa more widely. Variation in adjusted mortality rates indicates likely differences in quality of caesarean care between hospitals, particularly lower volume hospitals. Improving access to and quality of emergency obstetric and newborn care is an important priority for improving survival of babies at birth.Trial registration number ISRCTN48510263.Data are available upon reasonable request. Reasonable requests may be directed to CK (kaborewendyam@yahoo.fr).
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  • Chaudat Philippe (2022) « Hide this drinker that I cannot see! Between visibility and invisibility, the spatialization of the world of Bars in Meknes (Morocco) », Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 151 (septembre 12), p. 199. DOI : 10.4000/remmm.18048. https://hal.science/hal-04150541.


  • Chotard Lisa, Ridde Valéry et Chabrol Fanny (2022) « “A White Bag We Move”: The Dead Body and Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic », Frontières, 33 (2). DOI : 10.7202/1095220ar. https://hal.science/hal-04150549.

  • Desjeux Dominique et Moati Philippe (2022) « Que restera-t-il de la crise Covid dans les modes de vie et de consommation ? », p. 17. https://hal.science/hal-03897946.
  • Diagne Ibrahima, Petit Véronique et Koundoul Adama (2022) « Youth and Mental Health in a Context of Demographic and Health Transition in Senegal: How Youth Mental Health Intersects with Important Development Issues », Austin Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 6 (2) (novembre 4), p. id1027.
    Résumé : Citation: Diagne I, Petit V and Koundoul A. Youth and Mental Health in a Context of Demographic and Health Transition in Senegal: How Youth Mental Health Intersects with Important Development Issues. Austin Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022; 6(2): 1027. Austin Child Adolesc Psychiatry - Volume 6 Issue 2 - 2022 Submit your Manuscript | www.austinpublishinggroup.com Diagne et al. © All rights are reserved Austin Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Open Access Abstract The mental health of young people is an issue of public health and sustainable development that is still underestimated in the countries of the South, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, even though demographic and health transitions make it a major challenge. The overview of mental health in developing countries highlights the absence of a specific policy, the lack of resources allocated to this health sector, and the scarcity of research, even though mental illnesses have decisive and growing morbid, social, and economic impacts. The insufficient production of data contributes to the invisibilities of this issue. Based on the literature and the experiences of the authors on mental health in Senegal, they illustrate how the psychological health of young people is interwoven into the societal context.
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  • Dumont Alexandre, Dugas Marylène Md et de Loenzien Myriam (2022) « Livret d'aide à la décision: césarienne ou accouchement vaginal, faire un choix éclairé » (juin 24). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03825035.
    Résumé : Ce livret est un outil d’aide à la décision qui est utilisé dans un projet de recherche intitulé QUALI-DEC. Ce projet a pour objectif d’améliorer la prise de décision concernant l’accouchement.
    Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.
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  • Dumont Alexandre, Dugas Marylène Md et de Loenzien Myriam (2022) « Cesárea o parto vaginal Tomar una decisión informada » (juin 24). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03825039.
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