Références bibliographiques

Benavides Martín, León Juan, Etesse Manuel, Espezúa Lucía et Stuart Jimena (2019) « Exploring the association between segregation and physical intimate partner violence in Lima, Peru: The mediating role of gender norms and social capital », SSM-population health, 7 (avril), p. 100338. DOI : 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100338.

Résumé : Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been globally recognized as a major public health problem. A growing body of evidence has identified a significant relationship between living in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage and experiencing IPV. Considering the increasing rates of poverty and segregation registered in Latin American cities, research on the effects of segregation on IPV seems to be particularly necessary in the region. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of economic residential segregation on physical IPV, exploring the mediating roles of social capital and gender norms unfavorable to women. This study used an original dataset in which women from five districts of Metropolitan Lima were interviewed. The results show that residential segregation indirectly influences on physical IPV through the considered mechanisms. In this regard, it was found that segregation increases the likelihood of prevailing gender norms unfavorable to women, and this in turn increases the likelihood of IPV. At the same time, segregation fosters the development of greater social ties among the neighbors, which in turn diminish the levels of IPV. Regarding the overall effect of segregation through both mechanisms, on average social capital is a factor of more relevance. The findings suggest that strengthening the informal networks among neighbors is a powerful strategy to reduce physical IPV in contexts of poverty and segregation.

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2019) « L'égalité juridique entre hommes et femmes dans le monde arabe après les soulèvements de 2011 », p. 49-62. https://hal.science/hal-04098453.

Résumé : Suite aux soulèvements populaires qui ont traversé le monde arabe en 2011, le principe d'égalité entre hommes et femmes a été renforcé dans plusieurs textes constitutionnels de la région. Mais le statut juridique des femmes demeure souvent inégalitaire par rapport à celui des hommes, notamment en droit pénal, en droit de la nationalité et dans le droit de la famille. De plus, des normes sociales viennent entraver la mise en oeuvre des réformes juridiques adoptées pour remédier à certaines inégalités. Or, comme de nombreux organismes internationaux l'ont souligné, la persistance de ces discriminations envers les femmes constitue un frein majeur au développement économique et social de la région.

Snapshot (source)

Bonnet Emmanuel, Nikiéma A, Roy F A et Ridde Valery (2019) « Spatial characterization of the targeting’s worst-off au Burkina Faso », European Journal of Public Health, 29 (Supplement_4) (novembre 1). DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.710. https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.710/5623987.

Bousmah Marwân-Al-Qays, Combes Jean-Baptiste Simon et Abu-Zaineh Mohammad (2019) « Health differentials between citizens and immigrants in Europe: a heterogeneous convergence », Health Policy, 123 (2) (février), p. 235-243. DOI : 10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.12.005.

Résumé : The literature on immigration and health has provided mixed evidence on the health differentials between immigrants and citizens, while a growing body of evidence alludes to the unhealthy assimilation of immigrants. Relying on five different health measures, the present paper investigates the heterogeneity in health patterns between immigrants and citizens, and also between immigrants depending on their country of origin. We use panel data on more than 100,000 older adults living in nineteen European countries. Our panel data methodology allows for unobserved heterogeneity. We document the existence of a healthy immigrant effect, of an unhealthy convergence, and of a reversal of the health differentials between citizens and immigrants over time. We are able to estimate the time threshold after which immigrants' health becomes worse than that of citizens. We further document some heterogeneity in the convergence of health differentials between immigrants and citizens in Europe. Namely, the unhealthy convergence is more pronounced in terms of chronic conditions for immigrants from low-HDI countries, and in terms of self-assessed health and body-mass index for immigrants from medium- and high-HDI countries.

Mots-clés : Europe, Health convergence, Health differentials, Health economics, Healthy immigrant effect, Immigration.

PubMed entry

Breton Didier et Temporal Franck (2019) « Décroissance démographique et vieillissement : une exception des Antilles françaises dans l’espace Caraïbes ? », Études caribéennes, 43-44 (septembre 17). DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.16864. http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/16864.

Résumé : Comme pour l’ensemble des territoires de l’espace caribéen, les départements de la Guadeloupe et Martinique autrefois marquées par des taux de croissance de leur population très élevés ont connu un fort ralentissement de leur accroissement démographique et même une décroissance ces dernières années ce qui constitue une exception dans l’espace Caraïbes. Les émigrations, plus que la baisse de la fécondité, sont la principale cause de ce phénomène. Au problème du nombre d’individus quittant ces territoires se pose celui de leur profil : ce sont les plus diplômés qui quittent le territoire généralement dans une perspective de long terme. Ce phénomène est particulièrement préoccupant dans ces territoires aux rythmes de vieillissement inédits en France. L’enjeu pour les départements antillais sera de se saisir de la prise en charge du vieillissement comme d’une opportunité.

Brunot Stéphanie (2019) « Inclusión de niños de 6 a 7 años con necesidades educativas especiales (discapacidades sensorial, mental e intelectual) en una escuela primaria con Unidad de Servicio de Apoyo a la Educación Regular, en San Luis Potosí, México », Revista de El Colegio de San Luis, 18 (avril 10), p. 69-109. DOI : 10.21696/rcsl9182019815. http://localhost/ojs3/index.php/COLSAN/article/view/815.

Résumé : Este artículo, cuyo objetivo es estudiar los factores que posiblemente influyen en el éxito o el fracaso educativo de niños con discapacidad en la educación básica regular, se desprende de una investigación sociológica sobre la inclusión física, social y pedagógica en una escuela regular de niños con necesidades educativas especiales, la cual responde a un modelo híbrido que conserva la intervención de la educación especial para la inclusión física y social, pero no pedagógica. Este estudio, efectuado durante tres meses, se restringe a una sola escuela y a tres casos de niños de la misma edad que cursan el mismo grado escolar. Se concluye que la inclusión en una escuela regular con una Unidad de Servicio de Apoyo a la Educación Regular es limitada en el aspecto pedagógico y para algunas discapacidades.

Bry Xavier, Simac Théo, El Ghachi Salah Eddine et Antoine Philippe (2019) « Bridging data exploration and modeling in event-history analysis: the supervised-component Cox regression », Mathematical Population Studies (mai 6), p. 1-36. DOI : 10.1080/08898480.2018.1553413. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08898480.2018.1553413.

Chabrol Fanny, Albert Lucien et Ridde Valéry (2019) « 40 years after Alma-Ata, is building new hospitals in low-income and lower-middle-income countries beneficial? », BMJ Global Health, 3 (Suppl 3) (avril), p. e001293. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001293. http://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001293.

Résumé : Public hospitals in low-income and lower-middle-income countries face acute material and financial constraints, and there is a trend towards building new hospitals to contend with growing population health needs. Three cases of new hospital construction are used to explore issues in relation to their funding, maintenance and sustainability. While hospitals are recognised as a key component of healthcare systems, their role, organisation, funding and other aspects have been largely neglected in health policies and debates since the Alma Ata Declaration. Building new hospitals is politically more attractive for both national decisionmakers and donors because they symbolise progress, better services and nation-building. To avoid the `white elephant' syndrome, the deepening of within-country socioeconomic and geographical inequalities (especially urban-rural), and the exacerbation of hospital-centrism, there is an urgent need to investigate in greater depth how these hospitals are integrated into health systems and to discuss their long-term economic, social and environmental sustainability.

Chabrol Fanny, Noah Noah Dominique, Tchoumi Eric Pascal, Vidal Laurent, Kuaban Christopher, Carrieri Maria Patrizia et Boyer Sylvie (2019) « Screening, diagnosis and care cascade for viral hepatitis B and C in Yaoundé, Cameroon: a qualitative study of patients and health providers coping with uncertainty and unbearable costs », BMJ Open, 9 (3) (mars), p. e025415. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025415. http://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025415.

Résumé : Objectives To document patients’ and healthcare professionals’ (HCP) experiences with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis and care, as well as consequences of these infections on patients’ life trajectories in Cameroon, an endemic country in sub-Saharan Africa. Design Qualitative sociological study combining in-depth interviews and observations of medical consultations. Interviews and observations transcripts were thematically analysed according to the following themes: circumstances and perceptions surrounding hepatitis screening, counselling and disclosure, information provided by HCP on hepatitis prevention and treatment, experience of access to care and treatment, social/economic trajectories after diagnosis. Setting HIV and gastroenterology/medical services in two reference public hospitals in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Participants 12 patients affected by HBV and/or HCV (co-infected or not with HIV), 14 HCP, 14 state and international stakeholders. Findings Many patients are screened for HBV and HCV at a time of great emotional and economic vulnerability. The information and counselling delivered after diagnosis is limited and patients report feeling alone, distressed and unprepared to cope with their infection. After screening positive, patients struggle with out-of-pocket expenditures related to the large number of tests prescribed by physicians to assess disease stage and to decide whether treatment is needed. These costs are so exorbitant that many decide against clinical and biological follow-up. For those who do pay, the consequences on their social and economic life trajectories are catastrophic. Conclusion Large out-of-pocket expenditures related to biological follow-up and treatment pose a real challenge to receiving appropriate care. Free or reasonably priced access to hepatitis B and C treatments can only be effective and efficient at reducing the hepatitis disease burden if the screening algorithm and the whole pretherapeutic assessment package are simplified, standardised and subsidised by comprehensive national policies orientated towards universal healthcare. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

Texte intégral 299.2 kio (source)

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2019) « Introducing Youth and Globalization and the Special Issue: The Rise and Fall of Cosmopolitanism », Youth and Globalization, 1 (1) (mai 24), p. 1-18. DOI : 10.1163/25895745-00101001. https://brill.com/view/journals/yogo/1/1/article-p1_1.xml.

Résumé : Youth and Globalization is an academic forum for discussion and exchanges, a space for intellectual creativity on all questions relating to youth in a globalizing world. Its aim is to provide an innovative understanding of youth studies in a global context based on multiscalar, multilevel, multisite, and multidisciplinary approaches. Young people both are affected by and are the actors of the globalization of everyday life. Drawing on both theoretical and empirical research, the journal explores how young people relate to globality and its outcomes. To open this discussion, the Journal starts with an issue devoted to understanding the global generation through the lenses of the cosmopolitan approach. It discusses four major criticisms and provides a counter position to. In the first case, cosmopolitanism is too often considered as a natural consequence of globalization, while in the second as being too ethnocentric. In the third case, cosmopolitanism has been assimilated to the ideology of contemporary global capitalism and in the fourth case it is mocked as a mere utopia. The papers gathered here investigate values, norms, behaviors and practices related to esthetic, cultural, ethic and political cosmopolitanisms.

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2019) « La Hallyu ou comment apprendre des petites choses : une éducation au cosmopolitisme par le bas », Éducation et sociétés, 44 (2) (juin 11), p. 131-148. DOI : 10.3917/es.044.0131. http://www.cairn.info/revue-education-et-societes-2019-2-page-131.htm?ref=doi.

Résumé : Cet article interroge la passion des jeunes franciliens pour la Hallyu, mot qui désigne l’ensemble des produits culturels coréens, et s’inscrit dans une analyse de la contribution de la “consommation de la différence” (Schroeder 2015) à la formation de soi à travers la nouvelle figure de “l’amateur cosmopolite” (Cicchelli & Octobre 2017). Il étudie l’émergence de nouveaux modes d’apprentissages par ces amateurs, apprentissages qui échappent aux éducations formelles et relèvent le plus souvent d’une auto-éducation. Après avoir fourni des explications du succès global de la Hallyu, l’article se penche –à l’aide de vingt entretiens auprès de jeunes âgés de 18 à 29 ans– sur les compétences cosmopolites de ces derniers, mobilisées dans –et acquises par– la consommation de ces produits. Il questionne ensuite l’éventuelle transférabilité de ces compétences dans d’autres champs, scolaires ou professionnels, leur usage dans la construction d’une trajectoire biographique avant d’examiner le rôle des institutions scolaires en la matière. La Hallyu or how to learn small things: an education in cosmopolitism from the bottom This article questions the passion of the young inhabitants of the Parisian region for La Hallyu, a word which describes all Korean cultural products, and is part of an analysis of the contribution of the “consuming difference” (Schroeder 2015) to self-education via the new figure of the “Cosmopolitan Amateur” (Cicchelli & Octobre 2017). It studies the emergence of new learning methods for these amateurs, learnings which escape from formal education and most often come from self-education. After providing explanations for the global success of la Hallyu, the article leans upon – thanks to twenty interviews with youths aged between 18 and 29 years old – on the cosmopolitan skills of the latter, mobilised in – and acquired by – the consumption of these products. It then questions the possible transferability of these skills into other academic or professional fields, their use in the construction of a biographical trajectory before examining the role of academic institutions.

Cissé I., Compaoré M. et Pilon Marc (2019) « L'éducation privée confessionnelle au Burkina Faso », p. 197. https://hal.science/hal-04098456.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Coulibaly Abdourahmane, Gautier Lara, Touré Laurence et Ridde Valery (2019) « Le financement basé sur les résultats (FBR) au Mali : peut-on parler d’émergence d’une politique publique de santé ? », Revue internationale de politique de développement, 12 (1) (décembre 3). DOI : 10.4000/poldev.3242. http://journals.openedition.org/poldev/3242.

Résumé : Le financement basé sur les résultats (FBR) compte parmi les expérimentations récentes mises en place au Mali pour améliorer les indicateurs de santé maternelle et infantile. À partir d’une analyse basée sur la théorie des courants de Kingdon (1984) et d’une approche inspirée de l’anthropologie du développement, l’article présente une étude qualitative qui vise à décrire les formes d’appropriation nationale du FBR et à comprendre si, à ce stade, on peut parler d’émergence d’une politique publique de FBR dans ce pays. L’apport de cette étude se situe au double plan théorique (comprendre l’émergence d’une politique) et empirique (rôles des acteurs locaux et des acteurs internationaux). Les données proviennent de 33 entrevues qualitatives réalisées auprès de personnes représentant diverses institutions, notamment le Ministère de la santé. Les résultats suggèrent une absence d’émergence d’une politique publique de FBR au Mali à cause d’une myriade de contraintes : peu d’entrepreneurs politiques, peu de fenêtres d’opportunités et de partenaires financiers intéressés ainsi que de trop courtes durées de mise en œuvre des projets pilotes.

de Loenzien Myriam, Schantz Clémence, Luu Bich-Ngoc et Dumont Alexandre (2019) « Magnitude and correlates of caesarean section in urban and rural areas: A multivariate study in Vietnam », éd. par Calistus Wilunda, PLOS ONE, 14 (7) (juillet 26), p. e0213129. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0213129. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213129.

Résumé : Caesarean section (CS) can prevent maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. However, it involves risks and high costs that can be a burden, especially in low and middle income countries. The aim of this study is to assess its magnitude and correlates among women of reproductive age in the urban and rural areas of Vietnam. We analyzed microdata from the national Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in 2014 by using a representative sample of households at the national level in both urban and rural areas. A total of 1,350 women who delivered in institutional settings in the two years preceding the survey were included. Frequency and percentage distributions of the variables were performed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify the factors associated with CS. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were used to ascertain the direction and strength of the associations. The overall CS rate among the women who delivered in healthcare facilities in Vietnam has rapidly increased and reached a high level (29.2%). After controlling for significant characteristics, living in urban areas doubles the likelihood of undergoing a CS (OR = 1.98; 95% CI 1.48 to 2.67). Maternal age at delivery over 35 years is a major positive correlate of CS. Beyond this common phenomenon, different distinct lines of socioeconomic and demographic cleavage operate in urban compared with rural areas. The differences regarding the correlates of CS according to the place of residence suggest that specific measures should be taken in each setting to allow women to access childbirth services that are appropriate to their needs.

Debeaudrap P., Loenzien Myriam De et Beninguisse G. (2019) « Entre idéal d'égalité et constat d'iniquité : démêler l'écheveau conceptuel des relations entre handicap et inégalité », p. 63. DOI : 10.17184/eac.1620. https://hal.science/hal-04098459.

Résumé : Inégalité et handicap sont deux notions si étroitement liées l'une à l'autre que leur mise en relation nécessite paradoxalement un effort conceptuel qui à la fois les distingue et clarifie leurs liens. Dans le domaine des études de population, ce besoin se double de la nécessité d'opérationnaliser les concepts. Le handicap a progressivement été défini comme un processus socialement construit, ouvrant la voie à une analyse des inégalités et particulièrement des situations d'iniquité. Des relations de causalité réciproques entre handicap et inégalité ont été explorées, accordant une place centrale à la notion de participation sociale. Celle-ci se heurte à la variabilité de sa définition. Plusieurs modèles ont mis en évidence des mécanismes sociaux sous-jacents à ces relations, proposant de nouvelles perspectives comme l'a fait l'approche des capabilités. Ces réflexions toujours en cours témoignent du dynamisme de ce champ de recherche novateur que constituent les "disability studies". Celui-ci, porteur d'un idéal d'égalité, jette une lumière spécifique sur la notion d'inégalité.

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Debeaudrap Pierre, Mouté Charles, Pasquier Estelle, Mac-Seing Muriel, Mukangwije Pulchérie et Beninguisse Gervais (2019) « Disability and Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Cameroon: A Mediation Analysis of the Role of Socioeconomic Factors », International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (3) (février 1), p. 417. DOI : 10.3390/ijerph16030417. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/3/417.

Résumé : There is growing evidence showing that people with disabilities face more frequently socioeconomic inequities than their non-disabled peers. This study aims to examine to what extent socioeconomic consequences of disability contribute to poorer access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services for Cameroonian with disabilities and how these outcomes vary with disabilities characteristics and gender. It uses data from a population-based survey conducted in 2015 in Yaounde, Cameroon. Mediation analysis was performed to determine how much of the total association between disability and the use, satisfaction and difficulties to access SRH services was mediated by education level, material wellbeing lifetime work participation and availability of social support. Overall, disability was associated with deprivation for all socioeconomic factors assessed though significant variation with the nature and severity of the functional limitations was observed. Lower education level and restricted lifetime work mediated a large part of the association between disability and lower use of HIV testing and of family planning. By contrast, while people with disabilities reported more difficulties to use a SRH service, no mediating was identified. In conclusion, Cameroonians with disabilities since childhood have restricted access to SRH services resulting from socioeconomic factors occurring early during the life-course.

Debeaudrap Pierre, Sobngwi Joelle, Tebeu Pierre-Marie et Clifford Gary M (2019) « Residual or recurrent precancerous lesions after treatment of cervical lesions in HIV-infected women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment failure », Clinical Infectious Diseases (janvier 2). DOI : 10.1093/cid/ciy1123. https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciy1123/5269500.

Résumé : Background Screening and treating premalignant cervical lesions (CIN2+) is an effective way to prevent cervical cancer, and recommendations exist for monitoring of treatment success. Yet, there is no specific recommendation for HIV-infected women, who are at known increased risk of cervical cancer. Methods A systematic review was performed by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science from January 1980 through May 2018. Eligible studies described prevalence of histologically and/or cytologically-defined lesions in HIV-infected women, at least 6 months post-treatment. Primary endpoint was treatment failure, defined as the presence of residual and/or recurrent high-grade CIN2+/HSIL+ lesions post-treatment. Pooled prevalence in HIV-infected women, and odds ratios (OR) for HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected women were estimated using random-effects models. Results Among 40 eligible studies, pooled prevalence of treatment failure in HIV-infected women was 21.4% (95%CI 15.8–27.0). There was no significant difference in treatment failure for cryotherapy (13.9%, 95%CI 6.1–21.6) versus LEEP (13.8%, 95%CI 8.9–18.7,p=0.9), but it was significantly higher in women with positive (47.2%, 95%CI 22.0–74.0) than with negative (19.4%, 95%CI 11.8–30.2) margins (OR 3.4, 95%CI 1.5–7.7). Treatment failure was significantly increased in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected women, both overall (OR 2.7, 95%CI 2.0–3.5) and in all sub-group analyses. Conclusion There is strong evidence for increased risk of treatment failure in HIV-infected women in comparison to their HIV-negative counterparts. The only significant predictor of treatment failure in HIV-infected women was positive margin status, but further data is needed on long-term outcomes after ablative treatment in HIV-infected women.

Degroote Stéphanie, Ridde Valery et De Allegri Manuela (2019) « Health Insurance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review of the Methods Used to Evaluate its Impact », Applied Health Economics and Health Policy (juillet 30), p. 1-16. DOI : 10.1007/s40258-019-00499-y. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40258-019-00499-y.

Résumé : We conducted a scoping review with the objective of synthesizing available literature and mapping what designs and methods have been used to evaluate health insurance reforms in sub-Saharan Africa. We systematically searched for scientific and grey literature in English and French published between 1980 and 2017 using a combination of three key concepts: “Insurance” and “Impact evaluation” and “sub-Saharan Africa”. The search led to the inclusion of 66 articles with half of the studies pertaining to the evaluation of National Health Insurance schemes, especially the Ghanaian one, and one quarter pertaining to Community-Based Health Insurance and Mutual Health Organization schemes. Sixty-one out of the 66 studies (92%) included were quantitative studies, while only five (8%) were defined as mixed methods. Most studies included applied an observational design (n = 37; 56%), followed by a quasi-experimental (n = 27; 41%) design; only two studies (3%) applied an experimental design. The findings of our scoping review are in line with the observation emerging from prior reviews focused on content in pointing at the fact that evidence on the impact of health insurance is still relatively weak as it is derived primarily from studies relying on observational designs. Our review did identify an increase in the use of quasi-experimental designs in more recent studies, suggesting that we could observe a broadening and deepening of the evidence base on health insurance in Africa over the next few years.

Desclaux Alice et Boye Sokhna (2019) « Subjectivités et constructions sociales d’un risque iatrogène : (in)visibilités des lipodystrophies au Sénégal », Anthropologie et Santé, 19 (novembre 3). DOI : 10.4000/anthropologiesante.5134. http://journals.openedition.org/anthropologiesante/5134.

Résumé : Les perceptions individuelles du risque d’effets indésirables associés aux médicaments, qu’elles soient anticipées en amont de l’initiation d’un traitement ou réajustées en cours de traitement, sont étroitement liées aux représentations sociales du dommage. L’analyse ethnographique menée au Sénégal à propos des lipodystrophies dues à certains antirétroviraux met en lumière des perceptions subjectives très diverses de ces troubles, et leurs rapports spécifiques au contexte social. Elle révèle aussi une dynamique collective d’invisibilisation basée d’une part sur une logique micro-sociale d’évitement de la souffrance en l’absence de traitement curatif, et d’autre part sur une logique idéelle de « prix à payer » pour bénéficier de l’efficacité des antirétroviraux. Le modèle de « mise en balance » par les patients du risque iatrogène et de l’efficacité du médicament n’apparaît pertinent que si ce dernier est appréhendé à travers son inscription sociale complexe, en mobilisant à la fois les concepts de vie sociale et de biographie politique du médicament.

Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2019) « Santé des immigrés : la transition épidémiologique à l'échelle individuelle », La Revue du praticien, 69 (5) (mai), p. 550-554.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2019) « Des femmes africaines ensemble face à la maladie », Études, Mai (5), p. 31-42. https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-2019-5-page-31.htm.

Résumé : Ikambere, qui signifie « la maison accueillante » en kinyarwanda, est une association créée en 1997 par Bernadette Rwegera, venue en France pour rejoindre son mari, juste avant le génocide du Rwanda (1994). Créée au pire moment de l’épidémie du sida, l’association, installée à Saint-Denis au nord de Paris, accueille et accompagne les femmes touchées par cette maladie, pour la plupart africaines.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Desjeux Dominique (2019) « Articles empiriques et articles théoriques », SociologieS. DOI : 10.4000/sociologies.9433. http://journals.openedition.org/sociologies/9433.

Résumé : Il est important d'écrire dans sa langue, ici le français, pour bien maitriser ce que l'on veut dire, donner des bons exemples et faire des références à des débats ou à des discussions qui sont souvent implicites. Quand je travaille à l’international les discussions sont souvent en trois langues, en français, en globish (anglais international) et dans la langue du pays, (portugais, chinois ou arabe, par exemple). Ensuite chacun résume ou en français ou en anglais les points de discussion. Qua...

Mots-clés : publicar en francés, publier en français, publish in French language.

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Related Material: http://journals.openedition.org/sociologies/basictei/9433

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Related Material: http://journals.openedition.org/sociologies/tei/9433

Note

Accession Number: edsrev.3DBF10F8; Publication Type: Academic Journal; Source: SociologieS; Language: French; Other Titles: Empirical papers and conceptual papers; Publication Date: 20190117; Imprint: Association internationale des sociologues de langue française (AISLF), 2019-01-17., SociologieS.

Desjeux Dominique (2019) « Desjeux, Les classes moyennes dans le monde. La position sociale des gilets jaunes en France », Innovations, 2 (59) (mai 12), p. 271-273.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Desjeux Dominique (2019) « Professional Socio-Anthropology in France : Transferable Knowledge Thanks to the Constraint of the Diversity of Business Demands », International Journal of Business Anthropology, 9 (2), p. 1-10. https://articlegateway.com/index.php/IJBA/article/view/2578/2448.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Djaogol Tchadine, Marcellin Fabienne, Jaquet Antoine, Chabrol Fanny, Giles-Vernick Tamara, Diallo Aldiouma, Carrieri Maria Patrizia et Boyer Sylvie (2019) « Prevention and care of hepatitis B in the rural region of Fatick in Senegal: a healthcare workers’ perspective using a mixed methods approach », BMC Health Services Research, 19 (1) (décembre). DOI : 10.1186/s12913-019-4416-3. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-019-4416-3.

Résumé : Background In countries where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic, including Senegal, the World Health Organization recommends systematic HBV screening of pregnant women and vaccination at birth to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). This study investigated healthcare workers' (HCW) knowledge and practices regarding HBV prevention and care in the rural region of Fatick in Senegal, as well as challenges they faced in implementing prevention activities related to HBV MTCT. Methods A mixed-methods survey was conducted between May-July 2017 among 112 HCW working in 15 healthcare facilities in two districts of the Fatick region using face-to-face questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics and chi-square/Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze quantitative data, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results The study population included 87 HCW in the quantitative component (83% women, median age [interquartile range, IQR] = 35 [31-40] years) and 11 in the qualitative component. A knowledge gap was observed in key areas of HBV infection: only 24, 51 and 38%, respectively, correctly reported that early HBV acquisition is associated with a high risk of developing chronic infection, that perinatal transmission is one of the main modes of HBV transmission in Senegal, and that three to four doses of HBV vaccine are required to ensure immunization in children. Despite good acceptability of systematic screening of pregnant women and vaccination at birth, only 48% of HCW mainly involved in prenatal care and 71% of those involved exclusively in vaccination routinely performed these two key interventions. HCW reported several structural barriers that may hinder their implementation: a lack of training in HBV and in counseling, poor availability of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), high costs of both screening and treatment, a lack of adequate information on treatment options and missed opportunities for vaccination at birth. Conclusions HCW working in the Fatick region may be insufficiently trained and supported to effectively implement HBV prevention strategies. Our findings suggest an urgent need to strengthen MTCT prevention in this region, by improving HCW knowledge in key areas of HBV infection, providing RDT and antiviral treatment at low cost, and enhancing community-based interventions for the timely vaccination of newborns.

Ducarme G., Pizzoferrato A. C., de Tayrac R., Schantz Clémence, Thubert T., Le Ray C., Riethmuller D., Verspyck E., Gachon B., Pierre F., Artzner F., Jacquetin B. et Fritel X. (2019) « Perineal prevention and protection in obstetrics: CNGOF clinical practice guidelines », Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 48 (7) (septembre), p. 455-460. DOI : 10.1016/j.jogoh.2018.12.002.

Résumé : Introduction: The objective of these clinical practice guidelines was to analyse all of the interventions during pregnancy and childbirth that might prevent obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) and postnatal pelvic floor symptoms. Material and methods: These guidelines were developed in accordance with the methods prescribed by the French Health Authority (HAS). Results: A prenatal clinical examination of the perineum is recommended for women with a history of Crohn's disease, OASIS, genital mutilation, or perianal lesions (professional consensus). Just after delivery, a perineal examination is recommended to check for OASIS (Grade B); if there is doubt about the diagnosis, a second opinion should be requested (Grade C). In case of OASIS, the injuries (including their severity) and the technique for their repair should be described in detail (Grade C). Perineal massage during pregnancy must be encouraged among women who want it (Grade B). No intervention conducted before the start of the active phase of the second stage of labour has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of perineal injury. The crowning of the baby's head should be manually controlled and the posterior perineum manually supported to reduce the risk of OASIS (Grade C). The performance of an episiotomy during normal deliveries is not recommended to reduce the risk of OASIS (Grade A). In instrumental deliveries, episiotomy may be indicated to avoid OASIS (Grade C). When an episiotomy is performed, a mediolateral incision is recommended (Grade B). The indication for episiotomy should be explained to the woman, and she should consent before its performance. Advising women to have a caesarean delivery for primary prevention of postnatal urinary or anal incontinence is not recommended (Grade B). During pregnancy and again in the labour room, obstetrics professionals should focus on the woman's expectations and inform her about the modes of delivery. (C) 2019 CNGOF. Published by ELSEVIER MASSON SAS. All rights reserved.

Mots-clés : Anal sphincter, Delivery, Episiotomy, Guideline, oasis, Obstetrics, Perineal tear, Prevention.

Dumont Alexandre, Bessières N., Razafindrafara G., Ravit Marion et Benbassa André (2019) « Intérêt du test HPV dans le dépistage primaire du cancer du col en milieu rural à Madagascar », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 67 (2) (avril), p. 120-125. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2018.10.003. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0398762018313622.

Résumé : Background. - Testing for high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) is an effective approach to the prevention of cervical cancer. This study in the Atsinanana area of Madagascar aimed to compare the management of women screened by visual inspection after coloration with acetic acid (VIA) and the management of women screened by HPV with VIA as a triage test. Method. - During the last two screening campaigns, the first patients (between 28 and 120 women par center) were sampled using a dry swab, just before the acetic acid application, to test 14 genotypes of HR-HPV using Roche Diagnostics Cobas (R) Test. We compared current management practices based on primary VIA to those that would have been implemented if the clinician had followed the recommendations of the World Health Organization for HPV-based primary screening. We used a regression Poisson model with random effect and robust variance. Results. - Among the 250 screened-women, 28 (11.2%) had acidophilic lesions of the uterine cervix or suspected lesions of invasive cancer (IVA +). The HPV test was positive in 62 cases (24.8%). The HPV-based screening strategy would have reduced by 52% the number of women needing thermocoagulation treatment: 24 women (9.6%) with primary VIA-based screening vs. 13 women (5.2%) with primary HPV-based screening; RR: 0.52 and 95%CI: 0.27-1.02. The diagnosis of severe dysplastic lesion or invasive cancer would not have changed. Conclusion. - Primary HPV-based screening is a strategy that could be useful for low-resource countries like Madagascar. It would reduce the rate of false positives and unnecessary treatments compared to the current strategy based on primary IVA. The questions of the feasibility and cost-benefit of this strategy should be further explored.

D’Ostie-Racine Léna, Dagenais Christian et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Examining Conditions that Influence Evaluation use within a Humanitarian Non-Governmental Organization in Burkina Faso (West Africa) », Systemic Practice and Action Research (novembre 21). DOI : 10.1007/s11213-019-09504-w. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11213-019-09504-w.

Résumé : Program evaluation can support capacity building and inform practice and policy. Yet long-term efforts to ensure evaluation use (EU) in the humanitarian sector are seldom documented, leaving much uncertainty about EU conditions. This study examined conditions that influenced EU by stakeholders of a humanitarian non-governmental organization (NGO) in Burkina Faso striving to base its health care program on solid evidence. It used 36 qualitative semi-structured interviews and a single case study design to document stakeholders’ (n = 26) perception of EU conditions. Analyses focussed on characteristics of five broad conditions of research use previously documented. Results demonstrate that EU was facilitated by intended users with proactive attitudes, research experience, and willingness to participate in program evaluations. Also helpful was an organizational culture that valued learning, feedback, and accountability, wherein leaders collaborated toward common goals. Evaluation-based knowledge that met information needs and that was actionable, contextualized, and quickly accessible enhanced EU. Knowledge transfer strategies promoting EU were diverse, participatory, adapted to needs, and regularly followed up. Evaluators who were trusted, experienced, credible, and adaptable, promoted EU most effectively. Conversely, EU was compromised when intended users felt distrusting, uninformed, or unable to engage in program evaluations. Knowledge contradicting expectations or deemed inapplicable impeded EU. Adapting knowledge transfer strategies required time and interactions. Initially, evaluations were not sufficiently adapted and put into plain language, which hampered EU. EU conditions are numerous and intricately interrelated, but interpersonal relationships, trust, and effective communication are key conditions for evaluators and stakeholders wishing to promote EU. Keywords Program evaluation Evaluation use/utilization Research use/utilization Knowledge translation Utilisation condition West Africa

Eboko Fred (2019) « The Global Fund from an African perspective National coordination mechanisms, between transnational networks and power relationships (Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Cameroon) (eng) », Face à face. Regards sur la santé, 15 (octobre 10). https://journals.openedition.org/faceaface/1474.

Résumé : This publication takes the opportunity of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria's Replenishment Conference to issue the first qualitative results of research conducted under the aegis of ANRS. This research focused on the Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM) of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The Global Fund from an African perspective The purpose of this dossier is to analyse the contexts in which Global Fund financing is provided in the region of the world most affected by the diseases to which this mechanism owes its birth: sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM), which form the multi-stakeholder collegial structures within which the distribution of funds is organised, together with multisectoral action plans, this dossier proposes downstream studies, on the "ground" from four countries: Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Cameroon. The latter have the particularity of having experienced significant progress due to international funding, but they are also the grey area in which this progress is slowest: West and Central Africa. This dossier is the result of a research project conducted since 2015 with funding from the National Research Agency on AIDS and viral hepatitis. Initially devoted to three countries: Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon, this collective work was extended to Burkina Faso through a doctoral research that joined the research activities of this project. This work is presented in four parts. It opens with a socio-historical presentation of the Global Fund which articulates the problem of the "unprecedented political alliance" that the Fund is with the question of private actors in this mechanism of international solidarity. The second part focuses on the tension between the Fund's multilateral purpose and the bilateral issues that unite African partners and donor country cooperation agencies. The third part concerns the relationship between public authorities and civil society organizations, between tensions and reconciliations, particularly around the issue of "key populations", and especially that of men who have sex with men (MSM). The comparative approach in this case sheds light on the ideological dynamics facing epidemiological issues. The dossier concludes with a short Policy Brief with recommendations to the CCMs and the Global Fund to improve the relationship between the various actors. Mots-clés :Keywords: Global Fund - CCM/Country Coordinating Mechanism - Africa - Power Relationships - International Cooperation

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Eboko Fred (2019) « Le Fonds mondial vu d’Afrique: Les instances de coordination nationale, entre réseaux transnationaux et rapports de pouvoir (Sénégal, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Cameroun) », Face à face. Regards sur la santé, 15 (octobre 10). http://journals.openedition.org/faceaface/1188.

Résumé : Cette publication saisit l’opportunité de la Conférence de Recomposition des ressources du Fonds mondial de lutte contre le sida, la tuberculose et le paludisme pour publier les premiers résultats qualitatifs d’une recherche menée sous l’égide de l’ANRS. Cette recherche a porté sur les Instances de coordination nationale (ICN – Country Coordinating Mechanism – CCM) du Fonds mondial de lutte contre le sida, la tuberculose et le paludisme. Le Fonds mondial vu d’Afrique Le présent dossier vise à analyser dans quels contextes s’inscrivent les financements du Fonds mondial dans la région du monde la plus éprouvée par les pathologies auxquelles ce mécanisme doit sa naissance : l’Afrique subsaharienne. A partir des Instances de coordination nationale (ICN ou Country Coordinating Mechanism – CCM) qui forment les structures collégiales multi-acteurs au sein desquelles s’organise la répartition des fonds assortie des plans d’action multisectoriels, ce dossier propose des études en aval, sur le « terrain » à partir de quatre pays : Sénégal, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Cameroun. Ces derniers ont la particularité d’avoir connu des progrès importants imputables aux financements internationaux mais ils constituent également la zone grise dans laquelle ces progrès sont les plus lents : l’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre. Cette recherche est issue d’un projet de recherche mené depuis 2015 grâce à un financement de l’Agence nationale de recherches sur le sida et les hépatites virales. Initialement consacré à trois pays le Sénégal, la Côte d’Ivoire et le Cameroun, ce travail collectif a été élargi au Burkina Faso à la faveur d’une recherche doctorale qui a rejoint les activités de recherche de ce projet. Ce travail se présente en quatre parties. Il s’ouvre sur une présentation socio-historique du Fonds mondial. Cette partie articule la problématique de « l’alliance politique inédite » qu’est le Fonds avec la question des acteurs privés de ce mécanisme de solidarité internationale. La seconde partie se consacre à la tension entre le dessein multilatéral du Fonds et les enjeux bilatéraux qui unissent les partenaires africains et les agences de coopération des pays donateurs. La troisième partie concerne les rapports entre les pouvoirs publics et les organisations de la société civile, entre tensions et conciliations, notamment autour de la question des « populations-clés », et en particulier celle des hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes (HSH). L’approche comparée dans ce cas éclaire les dynamiques idéologiques auxquelles sont confrontées les enjeux épidémiologiques. Le dossier se clôt par une courte note politique (Policy Brief) comportant des recommandations adressées aux CCM et au Fonds mondial, dans l’optique d’améliorer les rapports entre les différents acteurs. Haut de page ENTRÉES D’INDEX Mots-clés :Mots-clés : Fonds mondial - CCM/Instance de coordination nationale – Afrique –Rapports de pouvoirs – Coopération internationale

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Eboko Fred et Groupe Gouvernance et sida en Afrique, ss la dir. de (2019) « Background and evolution of an international solidarity instrument », Face à face. Regards sur la santé, 15 (octobre 20). http://journals.openedition.org/faceaface/1214.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Eboko Fred et Groupe Gouvernance et sida en Afrique, ss la dir. de (2019) « Les antécédents et évolution d’un instrument de solidarité internationale », Face à face. Regards sur la santé, 15 (octobre 20). http://journals.openedition.org/faceaface/1438.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Fête Margaux, Aho Josephine, Benoit Magalie, Cloos Patrick et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Barriers and recruitment strategies for precarious status migrants in Montreal, Canada », BMC Medical Research Methodology, 19 (1) (décembre), p. 41. DOI : 10.1186/s12874-019-0683-2. https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12874-019-0683-2.

Fillol Amandine, Lagrange Solène, Benoît Magalie, Ridde Valery et Cloos Patrick (2019) « Accès aux soins de santé des femmes enceintes et des enfants migrants au Québec et en France : tirer des leçons d’ailleurs », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 67 (février), p. S57. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2018.12.040. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0398762018314408.

Fillol Amandine, Lohmann Julia, Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie, Somé Paul-André et Ridde Valéry (2019) « The Importance of Leadership and Organizational Capacity in Shaping Health Workers’ Motivational Reactions to Performance-Based Financing: A Multiple Case Study in Burkina Faso », International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8 (5), p. 277-279. DOI : 10.15171/ijhpm.2018.133. http://www.ijhpm.com/article_3593.html.

Résumé : Background Performance-based financing (PBF) is currently tested in many low- and middle-income countries as a health system strengthening strategy. One of the main mechanisms through which PBF is assumed to effect change is by motivating health workers to improve their service delivery performance. This article aims at a better understanding of such motivational effects of PBF. In particular, the study focused on organizational context factors and health workers’ perceptions thereof as moderators of the motivational effects of PBF, which to date has been little explored. Methods We conducted a multiple case study in 2 district hospitals and 16 primary health facilities across three districts. Health facilities were purposely sampled according to pre-PBF performance levels. Within sampled facilities, 82 clinical skilled healthcare workers were in-depth interviewed one year after the start of the PBF intervention. Data were analyzed using a blended deductive and inductive process, using self-determination theory (SDT) as an analytical framework. Results Results show that the extent to which PBF contributed to positive, sustainable forms of motivation depended on the “ground upon which PBF fell,” beyond health workers’ individual personalities and disposition. In particular, health workers described three aspects of the organizational context in which PBF was implemented: the extent to which existing hierarchies fostered as opposed to hindered participation and transparency; managers’ handling of the increased performance feedback inherent in PBF; and facility’s pre-PBF levels in regards to infrastructure, equipment, and human resources. Conclusion Our results underline the importance of leadership styles and pre-implementation performance levels in shaping health workers’ motivational reactions to PBF. Ancillary interventions aimed at fostering participatory as opposed to directional leadership or start-up support to low-performing health facilities will likely boost PBF effects in regards to the development of valuable motivational capacities.

Fourn Léo (2019) « De la révolution au travail humanitaire. Reconversions de militants syriens exilés au Liban: », Revue internationale de politique comparée, Vol. 25 (1) (octobre 2), p. 63-81. DOI : 10.3917/ripc.251.0063. https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-politique-comparee-2018-1-page-63.htm?ref=doi.

Fourn Léo (2019) « Les ambiguïtés du travail humanitaire. L’exemple des réfugiés syriens au Liban », Confluences Méditerranée, 111 (4), p. 61-74. DOI : 10.3917/come.111.0061. https://www.cairn.info/revue-confluences-mediterranee-2019-4-page-61.htm.

Résumé : Depuis le début du conflit en Syrie en 2011, le Liban a accueilli plus d’un million de réfugiés syriens fuyant la violence de la répression et de la guerre. On a alors assisté au développement d’un vaste champ humanitaire d’aide aux réfugiés, impliquant des acteurs internationaux et locaux. Des réfugiés syriens ont participé à ce processus en fondant leurs propres organisations humanitaires, mettant en œuvre une forme d’auto-organisation de l’aide, par des réfugiés pour des réfugiés. A ainsi émergé une nouvelle demande d’engagement et de travail permettant à des réfugiés de s’engager dans une carrière humanitaire. Toutefois, malgré les rétributions financières et symboliques que le travail humanitaire procure aux réfugiés, il ne leur permet pas de sortir de leur condition précaire.

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Garay Osvaldo Ulises, Nishimwe Marie Libérée, Bousmah Marwân-Al-Qays, Janah Asmaa, Girard Pierre-Marie, Chêne Geneviève, Moinot Laetitia, Sagaon-Teyssier Luis, Meynard Jean-Luc, Spire Bruno et Boyer Sylvie (2019) « Cost-effectiveness analysis of lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy versus standard combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected patients with viral suppression in France (ANRS 140 DREAM) », PharmacoEconomics - Open, 3 (4) (décembre), p. 505-515. DOI : 10.1007/s41669-019-0130-7. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41669-019-0130-7.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitor monotherapy is a simplified treatment strategy for virally suppressed HIV-positive patients that has the potential for cost savings, as fewer drugs are used than with combination therapy. However, evidence for its economic value is limited. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the cost-effectiveness of lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy followed by treatment intensification in case of viral load rebound versus combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir in HIV-1 infected patients with viral suppression in the ANRS 140 DREAM trial. METHODS: DREAM was conducted in 36 French Hospitals between 2009 and 2013. For each treatment strategy, we estimated the unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted mean costs (in €, year 2010 values) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) per patient, as well as incremental costs and QALYs per patient. We then assessed uncertainty using the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve, scenario analyses and cost-effectiveness price-threshold (CEPT) analysis. RESULTS: In the base-case analysis considering 2009-2013 antiretroviral drug (ARV) prices, adjusted incremental costs and QALYs were - €3296 (95% confidence interval [CI] - 5202 to - 1391) and 0.006 (95% CI - 0.021 to 0.033), respectively, over 2 years, suggesting that monotherapy was cost-effective with a probability of 100% at various cost-effectiveness thresholds. In scenario analyses considering 2018 ARV prices, monotherapy remained cost-effective but with a lower probability (94% vs. 100% in the base-case analysis). The current price of cART would have to decrease by 34% to be cost-effective with a probability of 95%. CONCLUSION: Monotherapy appears to be cost-effective compared with cART for virologically suppressed HIV-positive patients in France. CEPT analysis is a useful tool to identify the preferred strategy to adopt given that ARV prices change rapidly. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00946595.

PubMed entry

Gautier L., Coulibaly A., Allegri M. De et Ridde Valéry (2019) « La diffusion du financement basé sur les résultats au Mali a été facilitée par l'intervention d'"entrepreneurs de la diffusion" locaux et étrangers », p. 4 p. multigr. https://hal.science/hal-04098539.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Gautier Lara, Coulibaly Abdourahmane, De Allegri Manuela et Ridde Valéry (2019) « From Amsterdam to Bamako: a qualitative case study on diffusion entrepreneurs’ contribution to performance-based financing propagation in Mali », Health Policy and Planning (septembre 16), p. czz087. DOI : 10.1093/heapol/czz087. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/advance-article/doi/10.1093/heapol/czz087/5570539.

Résumé : For the past 15 years, several donors have promoted performance-based financing (PBF) in Africa for improving health services provision. European and African experts known as ‘diffusion entrepreneurs’ (DEs) assist with PBF pilot testing. In Mali, after participating in a first pilot PBF in 2012–13, the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene included PBF in its national strategic plan. It piloted this strategy again in 2016–17. We investigated the interactions between foreign experts and domestic actors towards PBF diffusion in Mali from 2009 to 2018. Drawing on the framework on DEs (Gautier et al., 2018), we examine the characteristics of DEs acting at the global, continental and (sub)national levels; and their contribution to policy framing, emulation, experimentation and learning, across locations of PBF implementation. Using an interpretive approach, this longitudinal qualitative case study analyses data from observations (N = 5), interviews (N = 33) and policy documentation (N = 19). DEs framed PBF as the logical continuation of decentralization, contracting policies and existing policies. Policy emulation started with foreign DEs inspiring domestic actors’ interest, and succeeded thanks to longstanding relationships and work together. Learning was initiated by European DEs through training sessions and study tours outside Mali, and by African DEs transferring their passion and tacit knowledge to PBF implementers. However, the short-time frame and numerous implementation gaps of the PBF pilot project led to incomplete policy learning. Despite the many pitfalls of the region-wide pilot project, policy actors in Mali decided to pursue this policy in Mali. Future research should further investigate the making of successful African DEs by foreign DEs advocating for a given policy.

Gautier Lara, De Allegri Manuela et Ridde Valéry (2019) « How is the discourse of performance-based financing shaped at the global level? A poststructural analysis », Globalization and Health, 15 (1) (décembre). DOI : 10.1186/s12992-018-0443-9. https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-018-0443-9.

Résumé : Background Performance-based financing (PBF) in low- and middle-income settings has diffused at an unusually rapid pace. While many studies have looked at PBF implementation processes and effects, there is an empirical research gap investigating the ways PBF has diffused. Discursive processes are paramount elements of policy diffusion because they explain the origins of essential elements of the political debate on PBF. Using Bacchi’s poststructural approach that emphasises problem representations embedded in the discourse, the present study analyses the construction of the global discourse on PBF. Methods A rich corpus of qualitative data (57 in-depth interviews and 10 observation notes) was collected. The transcribed material was coded using QDAMiner©. Codes were assembled to populate analytical categories informed by the framework on diffusion entrepeneurs and Bacchi’s poststructural approach. Results Our results feature problem representations shaped and spread by PBF global diffusion entrepreneurs. We explain how these representations reflected diffusion entrepreneurs’ own belief systems and interests, and conflicted with those of non-diffusion entrepreneurs. This research also reveals the specific strategies global diffusion entrepreneurs engaged in to effectively diffuse PBF, through reflecting problem representations based on the discourse on PBF, and inducing certain forms of policy experimentation, emulation, and learning. Conclusions Bacchi’s poststructural approach is useful to analyse the construction of global health problem representations and the strategies set by global diffusion entrepreneurs to spread these representations. Future research is needed to investigate the belief systems, motivations, resources, and strategies of actors that shape the construction of global health discourses.

Gosselin Anne, Carillon Séverine, Coulibaly Karna, Ridde Valéry, Taéron Corinne, Kohou Veroska, Zouménou Iris, Mbiribindi Romain, Derche Nicolas, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et for the MAKASI Study Group (2019) « Participatory development and pilot testing of the Makasi intervention: a community-based outreach intervention to improve sub-Saharan and Caribbean immigrants’ empowerment in sexual health », BMC Public Health, 19 (1) (décembre), p. 1646. DOI : 10.1186/s12889-019-7943-2. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7943-2.

Résumé : Background: Sub-Saharan and Caribbean immigrants are particularly affected by HIV in Europe, and recent evidence shows that a large portion of them acquired HIV after arrival. There is a need for efficient interventions that can reduce immigrants’exposure to HIV. We describe the pilot phase of a community-based empowerment outreach intervention among sub-Saharan and Caribbean immigrants in the greater Paris area aimed at 1) constructing the intervention, 2) assessing its feasibility, and 3) assessing the feasibility of its evaluation based on a stepped-wedge approach. Methods: 1) To develop the intervention, a literature review was conducted on existing interventions and participatory approaches developed, including the constitution of peer groups. 2) To assess the intervention’s feasibility, a pilot was conducted between April 2018 and December 2018. A daily register was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics of all persons who visited the mobile team to assess eligibility and acceptability. 3) To assess the feasibility of performing a stepped-wedge trial to evaluate the intervention, we compared eligibility, enrolment and retention at 3 months in two arms (immediate vs deferred). Chi-squared tests were used to compare reach and retention between the two arms. Results: Intervention development. The Makasi intervention was designed as an outreach intervention that starts with the persons’capacities and helps them appropriate existing resources and information and obtain knowledge about sexual health, based upon motivational interviewing techniques .Intervention Feasibility.Between April 2018 and December 2018, a total of 485 persons were identified as eligible. Participation in the intervention was proposed to 79% of eligible persons. When proposed, the persons enrolled in the intervention with a response rate of 69%. Some were lost to follow-up, and 188 persons were finally included. Evaluation Feasibility. The proportions of eligible (45 and 42%) individuals and of enrolled individuals (65 and 74%) were similar and not significantly different in the immediate and deferred arms, respectively. Conclusions: A community-based outreach intervention aimed at improving sub-Saharan and Caribbean immigrants’empowerment in sexual health is feasible. The pilot phase was key to identifying challenges, designing a relevant intervention and validating the stepped-wedge protocol for evaluation

Gosselin Anne, Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Pannetier Julie, Lert France, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et Parcours studyy group (2019) « When and why? Timing of post-migration HIV acquisition among sub-Saharan migrants in France », Sexually Transmitted Infections, 26 juillet (juillet 26), p. sextrans-2019-054080. DOI : 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054080. https://sti.bmj.com/content/early/2019/07/26/sextrans-2019-054080.

Résumé : Objective Recent studies highlighted that many HIV-positive migrants in Europe acquired their infections post-migration. However, the timing of these infections is not always known. This study aims to estimate the timing of post-migration HIV acquisition among sub-Saharan migrants in France and to understand the correlates of post-migration infection. Methods Within the PARCOURS retrospective survey conducted in 2012–2013 in 74 healthcare facilities in the Paris region, life-event data were collected among a random sample of 926 patients living with HIV in HIV services and 763 patients undiagnosed with HIV in primary care centres born in sub-Saharan Africa (reference group). Based on previous analysis, we considered the first 6 years in France after migration as a settlement period. Among the persons who acquired HIV after migration, we estimated the proportion of persons infected during settlement (0–6 years after migration) and after settlement (>6 years after migration) by using an algorithm that combines life-event data and a modelisation of CD4+ T-cell count decline. We then assessed the determinants of HIV acquisition during settlement and after settlement using bivariate logistic regression models. Results Overall, 58% of sub-Saharan migrants who acquired HIV after migration were infected during the first 6 years in France. HIV acquisition during settlement was found to be linked to short/transactional partnerships and lack of a resident permit. 42% of migrants had contracted HIV after settlement. After settlement, HIV acquisition was associated with short/transactional but also with concurrent partnerships and not with social hardship. Conclusion Two profiles of HIV post-migration acquisition emerged. The majority of HIV post-migration acquisition occurs during the settlement period: comprehensive combination prevention programmes among recently arrived migrants are needed. However, long-term migrants are also at risk for HIV through multiple partnerships. Prevention programmes should address the different profiles of migrants at risk for post-migration HIV acquisition.

Mots-clés : france, life-event history survey, prevention, sub-saharan africa.

PubMed entry

Gosset Andréa, Protopopescu Camelia, Larmarange Joseph, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, McGrath Nuala, Pillay Deenan, Dabis François, Iwuji Collins et Boyer Sylvie (2019) « Retention in Care Trajectories of HIV-Positive Individuals Participating in a Universal Test-and-Treat Program in Rural South Africa (ANRS 12249 TasP Trial) », JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 80 (4) (avril 1), p. 375. DOI : 10.1097/qai.0000000000001938. https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2019/04010/Retention_in_Care_Trajectories_of_HIV_Positive.2.aspx.

Résumé : Objective: To study retention in care (RIC) trajectories and associated factors in patients eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a universal test-and-treat setting (TasP trial, South Africa, 2012–2016). Design: A cluster-randomized trial whereby individuals identified HIV positive after home-based testing were invited to initiate ART immediately (intervention) or following national guidelines (control). Methods: Exiting care was defined as ≥3 months late for a clinic appointment, transferring elsewhere, or death. Group-based trajectory modeling was performed to estimate RIC trajectories over 18 months and associated factors in 777 ART-eligible patients. Results: Four RIC trajectory groups were identified: (1) group 1 “remained” in care (reference, n = 554, 71.3%), (2) group 2 exited care then “returned” after [median (interquartile range)] 4 (3–9) months (n = 40, 5.2%), (3) group 3 “exited care rapidly” [after 4 (4–6) months, n = 98, 12.6%], and (4) group 4 “exited care later” [after 11 (9–13) months, n = 85, 10.9%]. Group 2 patients were less likely to have initiated ART within 1 month and more likely to be male, young (<29 years), without a regular partner, and to have a CD4 count >350 cells/mm3. Group 3 patients were more likely to be women without social support, newly diagnosed, young, and less likely to have initiated ART within 1 month. Group 4 patients were more likely to be newly diagnosed and aged 39 years or younger. Conclusions: High CD4 counts at care initiation were not associated with a higher risk of exiting care. Prompt ART initiation and special support for young and newly diagnosed patients with HIV are needed to maximize RIC.

Guichard Anne et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Equity at all cost—and any price—for research funding in Canada? », Canadian Journal of Public Health, 110 (1) (février), p. 114-117. DOI : 10.17269/s41997-018-0136-4. http://link.springer.com/10.17269/s41997-018-0136-4.

Guidi Pierre (2019) « Éduquer nos sœurs opprimées » : urbaines diplômées et paysannes dans la révolution éthiopienne (1974-1991) », Critique internationale, 4 (85), p. 165-184. DOI : 10.3917/crii.085.0165. https://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2019-4-page-165.htm.

Guidi Pierre (2019) « “Traverser ces années terribles” : l'activité scolaire des détenu·e·s politiques pendant la révolution éthiopienne (1979-1986). Entretien avec Hiwot Teffera », Cahiers de la recherche sur l'éducation et les savoirs, 18, p. 173-185. https://journals.openedition.org/cres/4144.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Guillard Etienne, Kadio Kadidiatou, Mc Sween-Cadieux Esther et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Cinquième symposium global sur la recherche sur les systèmes de santé, Liverpool (Royaume Uni), 8-12 octobre 2018 », Médecine et Santé Tropicales, 29 (1) (janvier), p. 9-14. DOI : 10.1684/mst.2019.0869.

Résumé : Le dernier symposium mondial sur la recherche sur les systèmes de santé s’est tenu à Liverpool en octobre 2018 sur le thème de la promotion de systèmes de santé pour toutes et tous à l’ère des objectifs de développement durable (ODD). Cet événement bisannuel est l’occasion de réunir l’ensemble des acteurs de ce domaine, chercheurs, décideurs, opérateurs de terrain et d’en partager les travaux les plus récents. De nombreux sujets ont été abordés dont certains sont évoqués dans l’article : la qualité des soins dans les systèmes de santé passant par une nécessaire amélioration des pratiques des professionnels de santé, les enjeux du passage à l’échelle des interventions en santé, la mobilisation des connaissances pour l’élaboration des politiques publiques ou la place du secteur privé. Alors que ce domaine s’est fortement développé au cours des vingt dernières années et est devenu central dans l’aide au développement et en santé mondiale, il reste encore relativement peu connu dans le monde francophone et la France en est grandement absente.

Mots-clés : ⚠️ Invalid DOI.

Guilmoto Christophe Z. (2019) « Spatial analysis of India’s 2019 elections reveals the unique geography of the Hindu Right’s victory », The Conversation (juin 19).

Résumé : Beaucoup d'encre a déjà été répandue sur les élections générales de 2019 en Inde. L'ampleur du triomphe de l'Alliance nationale démocratique (NDA) et la défaite du Congrès national indien (INC) ont impressionné les commentateurs alors que la NDA, dirigée par le Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a remporté 353 sièges sur un total de 542. sièges au Lok Sabha (le parlement indien). La NDA a obtenu des sièges dans presque tous les États indiens et le BJP a clairement cessé d'être le parti strictement nord de l'Inde qu'il était autrefois . Dans cet article, nous voulons montrer comment une analyse spatiale formelle des résultats des élections montre l'empreinte géographique unique du vote du BJP et comment sa progression récente suit des modèles spatiaux évidents.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Guilmoto Christophe Z. et Dumont Alexandre (2019) « Trends, Regional Variations, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Cesarean Births in India, 2010-2016 », JAMA Network Open, 2 (3) (mars 22), p. e190526. DOI : 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0526. http://jamanetworkopen.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0526.

Résumé : IMPORTANCE The World Health Organization recommends that rates of cesarean delivery range from 10% to 15%. India has the largest annual number of births in the world and needs updates of existing estimates. OBJECTIVE To provide a new set of estimates of the rates of cesarean delivery and to map regional and socioeconomic disparities within these rates in India. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study primarily based on cross-sectional figures drawn from the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey conducted from January 20, 2015, through December 4, 2016, by the Indian Institute for Population Sciences in Mumbai. The survey interviewed 699 686 girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and collected information on their last 3 pregnancies since January 2010 (259 627 births). The study population was statistically representative of India's 36 states and Union territories and its 640 districts. The survey also included information on the socioeconomic status of households. The research is based on data tabulations and mapping and on spatial and regression analyses of microdata. Socioeconomic inequalities in access to cesarean deliveries were assessed using the Gini coefficient. Data were analyzed from August to October 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Rate of cesarean deliveries by regional and socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS The cesarean birth rate computed for 699 686 Indian girls and women aged 15 to 49 years (mean [SD] age, 26.8 [5.0] years) was 17.2%(95% CI, 17.1%-17.3%) in 2010 to 2016, which corresponds to an estimated 4.38 million cesarean deliveries per year during the period (95% CI, 4.34-4.41 million) in India. Cesarean birth rates vary widely within the country, with a range of 5.8% (95% CI, 5.1%-6.5%) to 40.1%(95% CI, 38.4%-41.8%) across states and 4.4%(95% CI, 4.3%-4.6%) to 35.9%(35.4%-36.4%) across socioeconomic quintiles. The rate significantly increased from 9.2% (95% CI, 9.1%-9.3%) in 2004 to 2008. According to the recommended 10% to 15% benchmark of cesarean birth rates by the WHO, the estimated deficit of cesarean births in India is 0.5 million per year, whereas the estimated excess of cesarean births is 1.8 million. The overall Gini coefficient of inequality in access to cesarean deliveries is 46.4. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The rate of cesarean births is increasing in India and has already crossed the World Health Organization threshold of 15%. More research is needed to understand the factors behind the rapid rise of cesarean deliveries among affluent groups and in more developed regions.

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