Références bibliographiques

Joxe Ludovic (2019) « De la nécessité pratique et heuristique des frontières », Strathèse, Presses Universitaires de Starsbourg, 9. http://strathese.unistra.fr/strathese/index.php?id=1473.

Résumé : Cet article interroge la thématique de ce dossier, c’est-à-dire l’espoir de dépasser effectivement les frontières. Pour ce faire, notre approche se fonde sur l’étude de l’organisation Médecins sans frontières (MSF) dont la création, en 1971, a traduit l’espoir d’un dépassement des frontières non seulement physiques mais aussi symboliques. Nous nous appuyons en particulier sur l’une des tensions qui traversent l’organisation : celle entre pensée universaliste et action sur mesure. La découverte de cette tension a été fondée sur une observation participante en tant que salarié au sein de MSF sur 10 missions et une cinquantaine d’entretiens. Cet article montre que l’espoir originel de dépassement des frontières est nuancé par la mise en pratique des projets humanitaires qui, tous, impliquent à des degrés divers l’usage et la manipulation de frontières : soit le respect des frontières en présence, soit leur adaptation, soit la création de nouvelles frontières. Tel un marin sur un bateau de Neurath dont les solives seraient des frontières, MSF peut dépasser des frontières, mais pas s’en départir.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Kabbanji Lama, Awada Hala, Hasbani Mariam, El Hachem Elsa et Tabar Paul (2019) « Studying abroad: a necessary path towards a successful academic career in social sciences in Lebanon? », International Review of Sociology, p. 1-19. DOI : 10.1080/03906701.2019.1672351. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03906701.2019.1672351.

Résumé : Scholars have only recently started to take an interest in the return of highly qualiﬁed migrants to their country of origin, especially when it comes to Arab countries. This research, conducted between 2014 and 2016, provides evidence on the Lebanese case, a country where most social scientists have been trained abroad. This article uses a multi-level approach and compares careers paths of social scientists trained in Lebanon and abroad, working in Lebanese public and private universities. If a foreign diploma appears as a signiﬁcant factor of career diﬀerentiation, the analysis undertaken in this article nuances this ﬁnding. It reveals to what extent the characteristics of the academic ﬁeld in origin countries such as Lebanon shape the career paths of academics. Public and, to a lesser extent private universities have become ideological state apparels which are used by the ruling elites to ensure their reproduction, through the revaluation of social capital. However, this reproduction is not made without social actors and their involvement. Lebanese academics develop strategies to accumulate the relevant symbolic capital in order to be recruited or promoted. The activation of the relevant political and sectarian networks is, therefore, one of the key strategies which social scientists mobilise as a ﬁrst or last resort to acquire university positions.

Kaboré Charles, Ridde Valéry, Chaillet Nils, Yaya Bocoum Fadima, Betrán Ana Pilar et Dumont Alexandre (2019) « DECIDE: a cluster-randomized controlled trial to reduce unnecessary caesarean deliveries in Burkina Faso », BMC Medicine, 17 (1) (décembre), p. 87. DOI : 10.1186/s12916-019-1320-y. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-019-1320-y.

Résumé : Background In Burkina Faso, facility-based caesarean delivery rates have markedly increased since the national subsidy policy for deliveries and emergency obstetric care was implemented in 2006. Effective and safe strategies are needed to prevent unnecessary caesarean deliveries. Methods We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a multifaceted intervention at 22 referral hospitals in Burkina Faso. The evidence-based intervention was designed to promote the use of clinical algorithms for caesarean decision-making using in-site training, audits and feedback of caesarean indications and SMS reminders. The primary outcome was the change in the percentage of unnecessary caesarean deliveries. Unnecessary caesareans were defined on the basis of the literature review and expert consensus. Data were collected daily using a standardized questionnaire, in the same way at both the intervention and control hospitals. Caesareans were classified as necessary or unnecessary in the same way, in both arms of the trial using a standardized computer algorithm.ResultsA total of 2138 and 2036 women who delivered by caesarean section were analysed in the pre and post-intervention periods, respectively. A significant reduction in the percentage of unnecessary caesarean deliveries was evident from the pre- to post-intervention period in the intervention group compared with the control group (18.96 to 6.56% and 18.27 to 23.30% in the intervention and control groups, respectively; odds ratio [OR] for incremental change over time, adjusted for hospital and patient characteristics, 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14 to 0.34; P<0.001; adjusted risk difference, -17.02%; 95% CI, -19.20 to -13.20%).The intervention did not significantly affect the rate of maternal death (0.75 to 0.19% and 0.92 to 0.40% in the intervention and control groups, respectively; adjusted OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.04 to 2.23; P=0.253) or intrapartum-related neonatal death (4.95 to 6.32% and 5.80 to 4.29% in the intervention and control groups, respectively, adjusted OR 1.73; 95% CI 0.82 to 3.66; P=0.149). The overall perinatal mortality data were not available.Conclusion Promotion and training on clinical algorithms for decision-making, audit and feedback and SMS reminders reduced unnecessary caesarean deliveries, compared with usual care in a low-resource setting.

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Klein Armelle (2019) « Technologies de la santé et de l’autonomie et vécus du vieillissement », Gerontologie et societe, vol. 41 / n° 160 (3) (novembre 4), p. 33-45. DOI : 10.3917/gs1.160.0033. https://www.cairn.info/revue-gerontologie-et-societe-2019-3-page-33.htm.

Résumé : De nombreuses activités quotidiennes des personnes âgées nécessitent des déplacements. Or leurs difficultés de mobilité ont tendance à s’accroître avec l’âge. Cette étude qui s’inscrit dans le courant du « mobility turn » explore les aspects expérientiels des déplacements des personnes âgées et examine les obstacles dans l’environnement urbain et les éléments facilitateurs de leur mobilité. La recherche porte sur des personnes de 70 ans et plus qui résident dans un arrondissement montréalais. Ces personnes ont été équipées d’un traceur GPS (« global positionning system ») et d’un carnet de déplacements pendant une semaine. Des entretiens ont été réalisés subséquemment sur leur expérience de mobilité. Nos résultats montrent que les déplacements des personnes âgées sont restreints par un environnement urbain inadapté à leurs besoins, mais aussi qu’ils peuvent être facilités par certains éléments, dont l’aide des proches. Elderly people’s mobility in a borough of Montreal: Frictions and moorings Many of the daily activities of elderly people require travel. However, their mobility difficulties tend to increase with age. This study, which is part of the “mobility turn,” explores the experiential aspects of elderly people’s movements and examines the factors impeding and facilitating their mobility in the urban environment. The study focuses on adults aged seventy and above living in a borough in Montreal. These people were equipped with a GPS (Global Positioning System) and a travel diary for a week. Subsequent interviews were conducted on their mobility experience. Our results show that the mobility of elderly people is restricted by an urban environment unsuited to their needs, but also that their mobility can be facilitated by certain elements, including help from friends and family.

Klein Armelle et Sandron Frédéric (2019) « Réception et mise en pratique des messages de prévention chez les personnes âgées de plus de 60 ans à La Réunion », NPG-Neurologie-Psychologie-Gériatrie, 19 (109) (février), p. 39–43. DOI : 10.1016/j.npg.2018.07.006. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1627483018301193.

Lange Marie-France (2019) « Représentations sociales des inégalités et renégociation de l'ordre social : introduction de la deuxième partie », p. 83-89. https://hal.science/hal-04098463.

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Larmarange Joseph, Diallo Mamadou H, McGrath Nuala, Iwuji Collins, Plazy Mélanie, Thiébaut Rodolphe, Tanser Frank, Bärnighausen Till, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Pillay Deenan, Dabis François et ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group (2019) « Temporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of Universal Test and Treat: the ANRS 12249 TasP trial in rural South Africa », Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22 (10) (octobre 22), p. e25402. DOI : 10.1002/jia2.25402. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jia2.25402.

Résumé : Abstract Introduction The universal test-and-treat (UTT) strategy aims to maximize population viral suppression (PVS), that is, the proportion of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and virally suppressed, with the goal of reducing HIV transmission at the population level. This article explores the extent to which temporal changes in PVS explain the observed lack of association between universal treatment and cumulative HIV incidence seen in the ANRS 12249 TasP trial conducted in rural South Africa. Methods The TasP cluster-randomized trial (2012 to 2016) implemented six-monthly repeat home-based HIV counselling and testing (RHBCT) and referral of PLHIV to local HIV clinics in 2 ? 11 clusters opened sequentially. ART was initiated according to national guidelines in control clusters and regardless of CD4 count in intervention clusters. We measured residency status, HIV status, and HIV care status for each participant on a daily basis. PVS was computed per cluster among all resident PLHIV (≥16, including those not in care) at cluster opening and daily thereafter. We used a mixed linear model to explore time patterns in PVS, adjusting for sociodemographic changes at the cluster level. Results 8563 PLHIV were followed. During the course of the trial, PVS increased significantly in both arms (23.5% to 46.2% in intervention, +22.8, p < 0.001; 26.0% to 44.6% in control, +18.6, p?

Mots-clés : antiretroviral therapy, HIV, population health, retention in care, South Africa, sustained viral suppression.

Larzillière Pénélope (2019) « The Discourse of Security in Development Policies: A Genealogical Approach to ‘Security Sector Reform’ », Development Policy Review, 37 (3) (mai), p. 384-401. DOI : 10.1111/dpr.12342. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/dpr.12342.

Résumé : Security is one of the objectives that has become associated with development policies. This article offers a genealogical perspective on this shift, focusing on the introduction of "Security Sector Reform" (SSR) into development policy as an apparatus with a two-fold normative process. The first point of note is the securitization of development policy. This pertains both to the discourse elements of the apparatus-here, the effects of the use of security semantics-and to its political technologies, with an SSR apparatus which can function as a new label for military co-operation. This has led to new approaches in societies where this has taken place, with threat a key focus. There has also been a process of depoliticization in the wake of technical, standardized approaches. This has sidelined debate on the norms and political choices involved, albeit implicitly. Secondly, one can observe structural ambivalences in the field, chiefly on the issue of the state and the normative contradictions of a policy to strengthen "fragile states" that relies on external intervention in national politics. The case study of Lebanon complements this analysis, highlighting the structural tensions between the various aims of SSR, and how this affects local ownership: both the perception and reception of SSR are marked by power relationships which translate into hegemonic and counter-hegemonic labelling.

Larzillière Pénélope, Wieviorka Michel et Scott Joan W. (auteur) (2019) « Entretien avec Joan W. Scott », Socio, 12, p. 187-203. DOI : 10.4000/socio.4777. http://journals.openedition.org/socio/4777.

Résumé : Entretien mené par Michel Wieviorka et Pénélope Larzillière, à l’occasion de la parution de l’édition française du livre La religion de la laïcité (Flammarion, 2018), traduction de Sex & Secularism (Princeton University Press, 2017)

Le Guen Mireille, Marsicano Élise, Bajos Nathalie, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et for the Parcours study group (2019) « Union break-up after HIV diagnosis among sub-Saharan African migrants in France: disclosing HIV status is linked with staying in union », AIDS Care, 31 (6) (juin 3), p. 699-706. DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2018.1554240. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540121.2018.1554240.

Résumé : Sub-Saharan African migrants living in France are particularly affected by HIV. Due to the fear of sexual transmission of the virus, those in a relationship could experience a union break-up after an HIV diagnosis. Based on data from the time-event ANRS-Parcours survey that was conducted among a representative sample of sub-Saharan migrants living with HIV (France, 2012-2013), we studied union break-ups after HIV diagnosis among people who were in a relationship at the time of their diagnosis. Women experienced a more rapid union break-up after HIV diagnosis than did men. The living conditions of men were not correlated to their risk of union break-up while among women, having a personal dwelling reduced the risk of union break-up. For both sexes, less established relationships were more likely to break up after HIV diagnosis. Having disclosed the HIV status to a partner was associated with a reduced risk of separation between partners, after adjustment on socio-economic conditions and migration characteristics.

Lechat Lucie, Bonnet Emmanuel, Queuille Ludovic, Traoré Zoumana, Somé Paul-André et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Relevance of a Toll-Free Call Service Using an Interactive Voice Server to Strengthen Health System Governance and Responsiveness in Burkina Faso », International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8 (6) (mars 19), p. 353-364. DOI : 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.13. http://www.ijhpm.com/article_3605.html.

Résumé : Background: In Africa, health systems are poorly accessible, inequitable, and unresponsive. People rarely have either the confidence or the opportunity to express their opinions. In Burkina Faso, there is a political will to improve governance and responsiveness to create a more relevant and equitable health system. Given their development in Africa, information and communication technologies (ICTs) offer opportunities in this area. Methods: This article presents the results of an evaluation of a toll-free call service coupled with an interactive voice server (TF-IVS) tested in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, to assess its relevance for improving health systems governance. The approach consisted of a 2-phased action research project to test 2 technologies: recorded messages and touch keypad. Using a concurrent mixed approach, we assessed the technological, social, and instrumental relevance of the service. Results: The call service is available everywhere, 24 hours per day, seven days per week. The equipment and its physical location were not adequately protected against technological hazards. Of the 278 days of operation, 49 were non-functional. In 8 months, there were 13 877 calls, which demonstrated the popularity of ICTs and the ease of access to telephone networks and mobile technologies. The TF-IVS was free, anonymous, and multilingual, which fostered the expression of public opinion. However, cultural context (religion, ethnic culture) and fear of reprisals may have had a negative influence. In the end, questions remained regarding people’s capacity to use this innovative service. In the first trial, 49% of callers recorded their message and in the second, 48%. Touch key technology appeared more relevant for automated and real-time data collection and analysis, but there was no comprehensive strategy for translating the information collected into a response from healthcare actors or the government. Conclusion: This study showed the relevance and feasibility of implementing a TF-IVS to strengthen health system responsiveness in one of the world’s poorest countries. Public opinion expressed through data collected in real-time is helpful for improving system responsiveness to meet care needs and enhance equity. However, the strategy for developing this tool must take into account the implementation context and the activities needed to influence the mechanisms of social responsibility (eg, information provision, citizen action, and state response).

Lee Jung-Seok, Mogasale Vittal, Lim Jacqueline K., Ly Sowath, Lee Kang Sung, Sorn Sopheak, Andia Esther, Carabali Mabel, Namkung Suk, Lim Sl-Ki, Ridde Valéry, Njenga Sammy M., Yaro Seydou et Yoon In-Kyu (2019) « A multi-country study of the economic burden of dengue fever based on patient-specific field surveys in Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Cambodia », éd. par Olaf Horstick, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13 (2) (février 28), p. e0007164. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007164. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007164.

Lefort-Rieu Claire (2019) « « Chrétiens d'Orient » en France et en Syrie : enjeux politiques et redéfinitions identitaires ». https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03830484.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Legrand Florian, Nicolai, Ciman C, Labourdette C, Vayatis N, Sandron Frederic, Eychene JM, Audiffren J, Klein Armelle, Oudre L et Vidal P. P. (2019) « Etude descriptive des participants aux ateliers de prévention du Bien-Vieillir "Atout Age" à La Réunion », La Revue de Gériatrie, 44 (9 - Supplément), p. 147-148.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Leservoisier Olivier (2019) « L’association Pulaar Speaking à la croisée des chemins. Dynamiques migratoires et débats autour du sens à donner à l’action communautaire au sein du collectif migrant haalpulaaren (Mauritanie, Sénégal) aux États-Unis », Revue européenne des migrations internationales, 35 (1-2) (octobre 1), p. 125-147. DOI : 10.4000/remi.12780. http://journals.openedition.org/remi/12780.

Résumé : Aperçu du texte Si les migrations des Haalpulaaren en Afrique et en Europe ont fait l’objet de recherches approfondies (Diop, 1965 ; Adam, 1977 ; Delaunay, 1984 ; Minvielle, 1985 ; Ba, 1995 ; Bredeloup, 2007, Dia, 2009), en revanche, celles concernant les États-Unis ont peu attiré l’attention des chercheurs (Kane, 2001 ; Kane, 2011 ; Kante, 2014). Ce constat peut s’expliquer par le caractère récent de ces migrations qui correspondent aux nouvelles destinations choisies au milieu des années 1980 par les migrants originaires de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal, suite notamment aux crises et au durcissement des conditions d’entrée dans les pays traditionnels d’accueil (Gabon, Côte d’Ivoire, France principalement). Mais il renvoie également à une tendance lourde des recherches qui abordent l’étude des migrations haalpulaaren aux États-Unis dans le cadre plus général des migrations sénégalaises, lesquelles restent très largement appréhendées à travers l’exemple des Wolofs et du cas de la confrérie mouride

Lim Jacqueline K., Seydou Yaro, Carabali Mabel, Barro Ahmed, Dahourou Desire Lucien, Lee Kang Sung, Nikiema Teguewende, Namkung Suk, Lee Jung-Seok, Shin Mee Young, Bonnet Emmanuel, Kagone Therese, Kaba Losseni, Edwards Tansy, Somé Paul-André, Yang Jae Seung, Alexander Neal, Yoon In-Kyu et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics associated with dengue during and outside the 2016 outbreak identified in health facility-based surveillance in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso », éd. par Brett M. Forshey, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13 (12) (décembre 6), p. e0007882. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007882. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007882.

Résumé : Background In Africa, the magnitude of dengue virus (DENV) transmission is largely unknown. In Burkina Faso, several outbreaks have been reported and data are often based on findings from outbreak investigations. Methods To better understand dengue epidemiology and clinical characteristics in Burkina Faso, a fever surveillance study was conducted among patients aged 1–55 years, who presented with non-malarial febrile illness at five primary healthcare facilities in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from December 2014 to February 2017, encompassing a 3-month dengue outbreak in September-November 2016. Acute and convalescent blood samples were collected within an interval of 10–21 days between visits. Acute samples were tested with dengue rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and a selected subset with RT-PCR, and all acute/convalescent samples with IgM/IgG ELISA. Results Among 2929 non-malarial febrile patients, 740 (25%) were dengue–positive based on RT-PCR and/or IgM/IgG ELISA; 428 out of 777 patients (55%) and 312 out of 2152 (14%) were dengue-positive during outbreak and non-outbreak periods, respectively. There were 11% (316/2929) and 4% (129/2929) patients showing positive for NS1 and IgM, on the RDT, respectively. DENV 2 predominated during the outbreak, whereas DENV 3 predominated before the outbreak. Only 25% of dengue-positive cases were clinically diagnosed with suspected dengue. The odds of requiring observation for ≤3 days (versus routine outpatient care) were 11 times higher among dengue-positive cases than non-dengue cases. In adjusted analyses, dengue-positivity was associated with rash and retro-orbital pain (OR = 2.6 and 7.4, respectively) during the outbreak and with rash and nausea/vomiting (OR = 1.5 and 1.4, respectively) during the non-outbreak period. Conclusion Dengue virus is an important pathogen in Burkina Faso, accounting for a substantial proportion of non-malarial fevers both during and outside outbreak, but is only infrequently suspected by clinicians. Additional longitudinal data would help to further define characteristics of dengue for improved case detection and surveillance.

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Manac'h Léopoldine (2019) « « Un sas de confinement pour les “dublinés” » », Plein Droit, 122 (3) (octobre), p. 26-29. (Étrangers sans toit ni lieu).

Résumé : Un paysage industriel composé d’entrepôts en tôle, une zone de transit pour camions de marchandises, et un hôtel Formule 1 transformé à la va-vite en « Prahda », tel est le décor de l’une de ces structures créées pour l’hébergement de demandeurs d’asile en attente d’être éventuellement transférés dans un autre pays européen, en application du règlement « Dublin ». Dans ce lieu de « rétention à l’air libre », dépourvu d’espaces de vie collective, 90 exilés tentent de rendre leur quotidien vivable.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Mc Sween-Cadieux Esther, Dagenais Christian, Somé Donmozoun Télesphore et Ridde Valéry (2019) « A health knowledge brokering intervention in a district of Burkina Faso: A qualitative retrospective implementation analysis », éd. par Irene Agyepong, PLOS ONE, 14 (7) (juillet 26), p. e0220105. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0220105. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220105.

Résumé : Background A knowledge brokering (KB) intervention was implemented in Burkina Faso. By creating partnerships with health system actors in one district, the broker was expected to assess their knowledge needs, survey the literature to provide the most recent research evidence, produce various knowledge translation tools, and support them in using research to improve their actions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the key factors that influenced the KB project and to make recommendations for future initiatives. Methods The qualitative design involved a single case study in which the KB intervention implementation was evaluated retrospectively. Data came from interviews with the intervention team (n = 4) and with various actors involved in the intervention (n = 16). Data from formative evaluations conducted during the KB implementation and observation data from a two-month field mission were also used. Two conceptual frameworks were combined to guide the analysis: the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (Damschroder et al., 2009) and the Ecological Framework (Durlak & DuPre, 2008). Results Various KB activities were conducted during the first two years of implementation at the local level. The project came to an early end following vain efforts to relocate the intervention at the central level in order to further influence the policy process. Certain shortcomings in the implementation team negatively influenced the implementation: inadequate leadership, no shared vision regarding the reorientation of the intervention, challenges related to the KB role, and lack of frank communications internally. Other impediments to the intervention's deployment included local actors' lack of decision-making authority, the unavailability of resources and of organizational incentives for involvement in the KB intervention, and contextual challenges in accessing the central level. However, the KB strategy presented several strengths: collaborative development, support provided to local partners by the broker, and training opportunities and support provided to the broker. Conclusions More attention must be paid to intervention planning, partners' engagement, human, financial and technical resources availability, continuous development of skills and of communications within the KB team, and periodic assessment of potential obstacles related to the complexity of the system within which the intervention has been implemented. Using implementation science frameworks when developing KB strategies in the West African context should be promoted.

McLaren Lindsay, Braitstein Paula, Buckeridge David, Contandriopoulos Damien, Creatore Maria I., Faulkner Guy, Hammond David, Hoffman Steven J., Kestens Yan, Leatherdale Scott, McGavock Jonathan, Norman Wendy V., Nykiforuk Candace, Ridde Valéry et Smylie Janet (2019) « Why public health matters today and tomorrow: the role of applied public health research », Canadian Journal of Public Health, 110 (3) (mars 18), p. 317-322. DOI : 10.17269/s41997-019-00196-2. http://link.springer.com/10.17269/s41997-019-00196-2.

Meda Ivlabèhiré Bertrand, Baguiya Adama, Ridde Valéry, Ouédraogo Henri Gautier, Dumont Alexandre et Kouanda Seni (2019) « Out-of-pocket payments in the context of a free maternal health care policy in Burkina Faso: a national cross-sectional survey », Health Economics Review, 9 (1) (décembre), p. 11. DOI : 10.1186/s13561-019-0228-8. https://healtheconomicsreview.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13561-019-0228-8.

Résumé : Background In April 2016, Burkina Faso introduced a free health care policy for women. Instead of reimbursing health facilities, as many sub-Saharan countries do, the government paid them prospectively for covered services to avoid reimbursement delays, which are cited as a reason for the persistence of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. This study aimed to (i) estimate the direct expenditures of deliveries and covered obstetric care, (ii) determine the OOP payments, and (iii) identify the patient and health facility characteristics associated with OOP payments. Methods A national cross-sectional study was conducted in September and October 2016 in 395 randomly selected health facilities. A structured questionnaire was administered to women (n = 593) who had delivered or received obstetric care on the day of the survey. The direct health expenditures included fees for consultations, prescriptions, paraclinical examinations, hospitalization and ambulance transport. A two-part model with robust variances was performed to identify the factors associated with OOP payments. Results A total of 587 women were included in the analysis. The median direct health expenses were US$5.38 [interquartile range (IQR):4.35–6.65], US$24.72 [IQR:16.57–46.09] and US$136.39 [IQR: 108.36–161.42] for normal delivery, dystocia and cesarean section, respectively. Nearly one-third (29.6%, n = 174) of the women reported having paid for their care. OOP payments ranged from US$0.08 to US$98.67, with a median of US$1.77 [IQR:0.83–7.08]). Overall, 17.5% (n = 103) of the women had purchased drugs at private pharmacies, and 11.4% (n = 67) had purchased cleaning products for a room or equipment. OOP payments were more frequent with age, for emergency obstetric care and among women who work. The women’s health region of origin was also significantly associated with OOP payments. For those who made OOP payments, the amounts paid decreased with age but were higher in urban areas, in hospitals, and among the most educated women. The amounts paid were lower among students and were associated with health region. Conclusion The policy is effective for financial protection. However, improvements in the management and supply system of health facilities’ pharmacies could further reduce OOP payments in the context of the free health care policy in Burkina Faso.

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Mensah Keitly (2019) « Interactive activity and discussion », European Journal of Public Health, 29 ((Supplement_4) (novembre), p. ckz185-718.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Mensah Keitly, Heraud Jean-Michel, Takahashi Saki, Winter Amy, Metcalf Jessica et Wesolowski Amy (2019) « Seasonal gaps in measles vaccination coverage in Madagascar », Vaccine, 37 (18) (avril 24), p. 2511-2519.

Résumé : INTRODUCTION: Measles elimination depends on the successful deployment of measles containing vaccine. Vaccination programs often depend on a combination of routine and non-routine services, including supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) and vaccination weeks (VWs), that both aim to vaccinate all eligible children regardless of vaccination history or natural infection. Madagascar has used a combination of these activities to improve measles coverage. However, ongoing massive measles outbreak suggests that the country was in a "honeymoon" period and that coverage achieved needs to be re-evaluated. Although healthcare access is expected to vary seasonally in low resources settings, little evidence exists to quantify temporal fluctuations in routine vaccination, and interactions with other immunization activities. METHODS: We used three data sources: national administrative data on measles vaccine delivery from 2013 to 2016, digitized vaccination cards from 49 health centers in 6 health districts, and a survey of health workers. Data were analyzed using linear regressions, analysis of variance, and t-tests. FINDINGS: From 2013 to 2016, the footprint of SIAs and VWs is apparent, with more doses distributed during the relevant timeframes. Routine vaccination decreases in subsequent months, suggesting that additional activities may be interfering with routine services. The majority of missed vaccination opportunities occur during the rainy season. Health facility organization and shortage of vaccine contributed to vaccination gaps. Children born in June were the least likely to be vaccinated on time. DISCUSSION: Evidence that routine vaccination coverage varies over the year and is diminished by other activities suggests that maintaining routine vaccination during SIAs and VWs is a key direction for strengthening immunization programs, ensuring population immunity and avoiding future outbreaks. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust Fund, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Gates Foundation, National Institutes of Health.

Mots-clés : Healthcare access, Madagascar, Measles, Vaccination.

PubMed entry

Mensah Keitly, Pourette Dolores, Duchesne Véronique, Debeaudrap Pierre et Dumont Alexandre (2019) « Barriers and facilitators on cervical cancer screening among HIV women in Cote d'Ivoire », European Journal of Public Health, 29 (Suppl. 4) (novembre 13), p. 27-27. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.055. http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077767.

Résumé : Background With 50,000 death every year, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of death by cancer in sub-Saharan countries. Due to high risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) persistence on the cervix, leading to pre-malignous lesions, the disease is more frequent among HIV-positive women. In low- and middle-income countries, cervical cancer screening strategy relies on visual inspection with acetic acid, an operator-associated technic. As an alternative, HPV-based detection and its better performances are considered as it could lead to a potential screening uptake and women empowerment through self-sampling. Côte d’Ivoire, with a high HIV prevalence, is considering this innovative strategy. Yet, few studies analyzed the potential socio-cultural factors associated with cervical cancer screening in this context. Our study aims to assess beliefs and perceptions toward cervical cancer among HIV positive women in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Methods We performed in-depth interviews with 21 HIV positive women randomly attending a health center or member of a women’s association, in November 2018. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. A theoretical framework with the Health Belief Model and the PEN-3 was used to categorize women’s perceptions, enablers, nurturers, perceived gravity and self-efficacy about cervical cancer, screening and self-sampling technique introduction. Results Positive findings were knowledge about cervical cancer, awareness about women’s vulnerability and HIV status role on it and relationship to caregivers. Fear appeared as a barrier to screening but also a facilitator among women with health awareness. Negative findings were reluctance for HIV-associated diseases, poor screening knowledge and lack of resources to get treated. Self-sampling introduction was disregarded due to lack of self-confidence. Conclusions This study provides useful information for counselling and opens the door to HPV-based screening implementation.

Mots-clés : COTE D'IVOIRE.

Mercier-Suissa Catherine, Jarrar Hajer, Salloum Charbel et Alexandre Laurice (2019) « Prises de participations et performances des entreprises familiales », La Revue des Sciences de Gestion, N°296 (2), p. 67. DOI : 10.3917/rsg.296.0067. http://www.cairn.info/revue-des-sciences-de-gestion-2019-2-page-67.htm?ref=doi.

Merry Lisa, Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie, Alam Nazmul, D’souza Nicole, Fillion Myriam, Fregonese Federica, Gautier Lara et Kadio Kadidiatou (2019) « The Global Health Research Capacity Strengthening (GHR-CAPS) Program: trainees’ experiences and perspectives », Journal of Global Health Reports, 3 (décembre 28). DOI : 10.29392/joghr.3.e2019086. https://www.joghr.org/article/12183-the-global-health-research-capacity-strengthening-ghr-caps-program-trainees-experiences-and-perspectives.

Résumé : # Introduction This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on how global health research (GHR) mentorship initiatives can best help prepare the next generation of GH researchers. To this end, the authors, a group of emerging researchers, share their experiences and perspectives of participating in the Global Health Research Capacity Strengthening (GHR-CAPS) program, a multidisciplinary GHR training and mentorship program in Quebec, Canada. # Discussion Based on their experiences, what is deemed most beneficial is interfacing with a diverse group of peers, learning and being guided from a community of mentors, actively engaging in research activities, having mentorship specific to GH, and being financially supported, especially through bursaries. Areas were also noted to better guide and support GHR emerging researchers. These included providing more support for navigating career transitions and developing a program of research, and removing geographical restrictions to access financial resources, including bursaries and small grants which can directly support the research of students and junior researchers. Overall, the trainees felt that participation in a mentorship program like GHR-CAPS yields multiple benefits including greater academic productivity, network expansion, increased professional confidence, and enhancement of knowledge and skills. It also provides a sense of belonging to something official and important and gives visibility to trainees' work. # Conclusion There is value-added to have mentorship programs like GHR-CAPS. GHR mentorship is optimized by having multiple sources of support for trainees and by implementing diverse strategies to meet trainees' needs and strengthen their capacity.

Moguérou Laure, Vampo Charlotte, Kpadonou Norbert et Adjamagbo Agnès (2019) « Les hommes au travail.. domestique en Afrique de l’Ouest », Cahiers du Genre, 67 (2), p. 97-119. DOI : 10.3917/cdge.067.0097. https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-du-genre-2019-2-page-97.htm.

Résumé : Cet article interroge, dans une perspective croisant données quantitatives et qualitatives, les reconfigurations de la participation des hommes au travail domestique induites par l’implication accrue des femmes sur le marché du travail et dans les dépenses des ménages à Dakar et à Lomé. Ces changements jouent à la marge sur l’implication des hommes et leur participation reste faible, ponctuelle et centrée sur certaines tâches très spécifiques, et plus encore à Dakar qu’à Lomé. À côté d’une masculinité dominante axée sur le modèle idéalisé du male breadwinner, semblent émerger d’autres pratiques, se déroulant dans l’intimité du foyer, et principalement autour de l’éducation des enfants. Mais celles-ci s’inscrivent dans le prolongement du rôle de chef de famille et s’apparentent à des reconfigurations obligées de pratiques masculines privées de leur terrain d’expression et de structuration habituelle (la prise en charge matérielle du groupe familial).

Montaz Léo (2019) « L’autochtonie : un enjeu des relations intergénérationnelles en pays Bété, Côte d’Ivoire », Cargo - Revue Internationale d'Anthropologie culturelle et sociale, 9 (juin 25), p. 89-106. https://www.cargo.canthel.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/cArgo_n9_2019_Montaz-Bete.pdf.

Résumé : Cet article interroge la conception de l’autochtonie en zone forestière ivoirienne, et propose d’explorer les logiques intracommunautaires liées à cette idéologie et pas uniquement les logiques intercommunautaires, déjà bien connues dans ce contexte. En reprenant ici la conception de l’autochtonie comme principe et norme institutionnelle développée par Jean-Pierre Chauveau, il s’agit de montrer que, dans le contexte d’une société lignagère, telle que la société Bété, le rapport entre autochtones et étrangers prolonge celui entre aînés et cadets car le principe de l’autochtonie a longtemps contribué à la position sociale dominante des premiers sur les seconds. Cependant, les jeunes manipulent aujourd’hui cette notion afin de faire valoir eux aussi leurs droits sur le patrimoine foncier en critiquant la mainmise de leurs parents et en les accusant de ne pas avoir convenablement géré ce patrimoine. Ces deux manières d’utiliser la notion d’autochtonie, loin d’être contradictoires, reflètent plutôt des stratégies divergentes qui visent à s’octroyer un droit et des bénéfices sur le patrimoine foncier d’une part et sur la présence des étrangers d’autre part. Cet article vise ainsi à analyser et à illustrer ces dynamiques contemporaines autour de l’autochtonie.

Mots-clés : Autochtonie, Conflits fonciers, COTE D'IVOIRE, Jeunesse, Relation intergenerationnelle, ⛔ No DOI found.

Montclos Marc-Antoine Pérouse de (2019) « La politique de la France au Sahel : une vision militaire », Hérodote - Revue de géographie et de géopolitique, 172, p. 137. DOI : 10.3917/her.172.0137. https://hal.science/hal-04097852.

Résumé : Cet article analyse la politique sécuritaire de la France dans la partie occidentale de la bande sahélo-saharienne, du Tchad jusqu'à la Mauritanie. Il montre que celle-ci repose sur trois fondamentaux : une surdétermination de l'importance de l'islam dans la production de révoltes qui sont qualifiées de djihadistes ; une vision très militaire d'espaces gigantesques et interconnectés ; une assimilation de la lutte contre le terrorisme à la lutte contre la pauvreté et l'émigration illégale.

Snapshot (source)

Morin Celine, Mercier Arnaud et Atlani-Duault Laetitia (2019) « Text–Image Relationships in Tweets: Shaping the Meanings of an Epidemic », Societies, 9 (1) (janvier 29), p. 12. DOI : 10.3390/soc9010012. http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/9/1/12.

Résumé : 1. Background: While many studies analyze the functions that images can fulfill during humanitarian crises or catastrophes, an understanding of how meaning is constructed in text-image relationships is lacking. This article explores how discourses are produced using different types of text-image interactions. It presents a case study focusing on a humanitarian crisis, more specifically the sexual transmission of Ebola. 2. Methods: Data were processed both quantitatively and qualitatively through a keyword-based selection. Tweets containing an image were retrieved from a database of 210,600 tweets containing the words "Ebola" and "semen", in English and in French, over the course of 12 months. When this first selection was crossed with the imperative of focusing on a specific thematic (the sexual transmission of Ebola) and avoiding off-topic text-image relationships, it led to reducing the corpus to 182 tweets. 3. Results: The article proposes a four-category classification of text-image relationships. Theoretically, it provides original insights into how discourses are built in social media; it also highlights the semiotic significance of images in expressing an opinion or an emotion. 4. Conclusion: The results suggest that the process of signification needs to be rethought: Content enhancement and dialogism through images have a bearing on Twitter's use as a public sphere, such as credibilization of discourses or politicization of events. This opens the way to a new, more comprehensive approach to the rhetorics of users on Twitter.

Texte intégral 4.2 Mio (source)

NAMSAL ANRS 12313 Study Group (2019) « Dolutegravir-based or low-dose efavirenz-based regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 », The New England Journal of Medicine, 381 (9) (août 29), p. 816-826. DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1904340. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1904340.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: An efavirenz-based regimen (with a 600-mg dose of efavirenz, known as EFV600) was the World Health Organization preferred first-line treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection until June 2018. Given concerns about side effects, dolutegravir-based and low-dose efavirenz-based combinations have been considered as first-line treatments for HIV-1 in resource-limited settings. METHODS: We conducted an open-label, multicenter, randomized, phase 3 noninferiority trial in Cameroon. Adults with HIV-1 infection who had not received antiretroviral therapy and had an HIV-1 RNA level (viral load) of at least 1000 copies per milliliter were randomly assigned to receive either dolutegravir or the reference treatment of low-dose efavirenz (a 400-mg dose, known as EFV400), combined with tenofovir and lamivudine. The primary end point was the proportion of participants with a viral load of less than 50 copies per milliliter at week 48, on the basis of the Food and Drug Administration snapshot algorithm. The difference between treatment groups was calculated, and noninferiority was tested with a margin of 10 percentage points. RESULTS: A total of 613 participants received at least one dose of the assigned regimen. At week 48, a viral load of less than 50 copies per milliliter was observed in 231 of 310 participants (74.5%) in the dolutegravir group and in 209 of 303 participants (69.0%) in the EFV400 group, with a difference of 5.5 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.6 to 12.7; P<0.001 for noninferiority). Among those with a baseline viral load of at least 100,000 copies per milliliter, a viral load of less than 50 copies per milliliter was observed in 137 of 207 participants (66.2%) in the dolutegravir group and in 123 of 200 participants (61.5%) in the EFV400 group, with a difference of 4.7 percentage points (95% CI, -4.6 to 14.0). Virologic failure (a viral load of >1000 copies per milliliter) was observed in 3 participants in the dolutegravir group (with none acquiring drug-resistance mutations) and in 16 participants in the EFV400 group. More weight gain was observed in the dolutegravir group than in the EFV400 group (median weight gain, 5.0 kg vs. 3.0 kg; incidence of obesity, 12.3% vs. 5.4%). CONCLUSIONS: In HIV-1-infected adults in Cameroon, a dolutegravir-based regimen was noninferior to an EFV400-based reference regimen with regard to viral suppression at week 48. Among participants who had a viral load of at least 100,000 copies per milliliter when antiretroviral therapy was initiated, fewer participants than expected had viral suppression. (Funded by Unitaid and the French National Agency for AIDS Research; NAMSAL ANRS 12313 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02777229.).

Mots-clés : Adult, Benzoxazines, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, HIV Infections, HIV Integrase Inhibitors, HIV-1, Humans, Lamivudine, Male, Obesity, Pregnancy, RNA, Viral, Tenofovir, Viral Load, Weight Gain.

Ouattara Lissy Parfait Eric, Sangaré Ibrahim, Namountougou Moussa, Hien Aristide, Ouari Ali, Soma Dieudonné Diloma, Kassié Daouda, Diabaté Abdoulaye, Gnankiné Olivier, Bonnet Emmanuel, Ridde Valéry, Akré Maurice Adja, Fournet Florence et Dabiré Kounbobr Roch (2019) « Surveys of Arboviruses Vectors in Four Cities Stretching Along a Railway Transect of Burkina Faso: Risk Transmission and Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Potential Vectors », Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6 (mai 28), p. 140. DOI : 10.3389/fvets.2019.00140. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2019.00140/full.

Texte intégral 634.2 kio (source)

Ouédraogo Samiratou, Degroote Stéphanie, Barro Svetlana A, Somé Paul-André, Bonnet Emmanuel et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Épidémies récurrentes de la dengue au Burkina Faso : préférences communautaires pour une intervention de prévention de la maladie. », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, p. S0398762019304778. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2019.08.002. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0398762019304778.

Résumé : Background Community-based interventions have proven effective in several Latin American countries in controlling dengue vector Aedes aegypti and reducing the burden of the disease. However, we did not find any study reporting the assessment or implementation of such interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa. This article presents local communities’ preferences for activities as part of the implementation of a community-based intervention for dengue prevention in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) where dengue epidemics are recurrent during the rainy season. Methods A mixed-method study combining qualitative and quantitative data collection was conducted. Information from 983 households and their preferences for community-based activities for dengue prevention were collected in five neighborhoods of the city using a quantitative questionnaire. Then, 15 qualitative focus groups were organized in one of the neighborhoods that was randomly selected to receive a community-based intervention for dengue prevention. These groups were made up of 216 people representing the different socio-cultural categories: community leaders, men, women, young girls and boys. Results More than 95% of household respondents to the quantitative questionnaire found community-based interventions acceptable and/or useful: to raise awareness of mosquito-borne disease transmission, to identify and remove the mosquito breeding sites and areas favorable to the development of the adult vectors. Most participants in the focus groups, preferred outreach activities such as video/debate sessions, school and home education sessions, focus groups. They also preferred the implementation of community working groups, responsible for identifying and eliminating mosquito breeding sites in the neighborhood. However, many participants had reservations about sending preventive text messages to residents. They found it feasible but not useful since most people cannot read. Conclusion This study shows that it is important to get the local communities involved in the formulation of health prevention activities in sub-Saharan Africa where some interventions are often implemented using strategies from other continents. Résumé Position du problème Les interventions communautaires ont montré leur efficacité dans plusieurs pays de l’Amérique Latine pour contrôler Aedes aegyti, le moustique responsable de la dengue, et réduire le fardeau de la maladie. Cependant, nous n’avons pas trouvé d’écrits rapportant l’étude de telles interventions en Afrique. Cet article présente les préférences d’une communauté locale de la ville de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) pour la mise en œuvre d’une intervention communautaire de prévention de la dengue à l’origine d’épidémies récurrentes en saison pluvieuse. Méthode Une étude mixte combinant une collecte de données quantitatives et qualitatives a été réalisée. Les informations de 983 ménages et leurs préférences par rapport à des activités communautaires de lutte contre la dengue ont été collectées dans cinq quartiers de la ville à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Ensuite, 15 groupes de discussion ont été organisés dans un des quartiers qui avait été tiré au sort pour recevoir l’intervention communautaire. Ces groupes étaient formés de 216 personnes représentant les différentes catégories socioculturelles locales : leaders communautaires, hommes, femmes, jeunes filles et garçons. Résultats Plus de 95 % des ménages qui ont répondu au questionnaire quantitatif trouvaient acceptable et/ou utile la mise en œuvre d’interventions communautaires dont : la sensibilisation sur les maladies transmises par les moustiques, l’identification et l’élimination des gîtes et des endroits propices au développement des moustiques. La plupart des participants aux groupes de discussion préféraient les activités de sensibilisation organisées sous forme de séances d’animations avec vidéo/débat, de séances d’éducation à l’école et à domicile, de groupes de parole. Ils préféraient également l’établissement de groupes de travail communautaires pour identifier et éliminer les gîtes et les endroits propices au développement des moustiques dans le quartier. Cependant, de nombreux résidents ont émis des réserves sur l’envoi de messages textes de sensibilisation sur les téléphones des résidents, qu’ils jugeaient faisable mais pas utile parce que de nombreuses personnes ne savaient pas lire. Conclusion Cette étude montre qu’il est important d’associer les communautés locales à la formulation des activés de prévention en santé en Afrique Sub-saharienne où certaines interventions sont souvent mises en œuvre selon des modèles issus d’autres continents.

Paul Elisabeth, Deville Céline, Bodson Oriane, Sambiéni N’koué Emmanuel, Thiam Ibrahima, Bourgeois Marc, Ridde Valéry et Fecher Fabienne (2019) « How is equity approached in universal health coverage? An analysis of global and country policy documents in Benin and Senegal », International Journal for Equity in Health, 18 (1). DOI : 10.1186/s12939-019-1089-9. https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-019-1089-9.

Résumé : Background Equity seems inherent to the pursuance of universal health coverage (UHC), but it is not a natural consequence of it. We explore how the multidimensional concept of equity has been approached in key global UHC policy documents, as well as in country-level UHC policies. Methods We analysed a purposeful sample of UHC reports and policy documents both at global level and in two Western African countries (Benin and Senegal). We manually searched each document for its use and discussion of equity and related terms. The content was summarised and thematically analysed, in order to comprehend how these concepts were understood in the documents. We distinguished between the level at which inequity takes place and the origin or types of inequities. Results Most of the documents analysed do not define equity in the first place, and speak about “health inequities” in the broad sense, without mentioning the dimension or type of inequity considered. Some dimensions of equity are ambiguous – especially coverage and financing. Many documents assimilate equity to an overall objective or guiding principle closely associated to UHC. The concept of equity is also often linked to other concepts and values (social justice, inclusion, solidarity, human rights – but also to efficiency and sustainability). Regarding the levels of equity most often considered, access (availability, coverage, provision) is the most often quoted dimension, followed by financial protection. Regarding the types of equity considered, those most referred to are socio-economic, geographic, and gender-based disparities. In Benin and Senegal, geographic inequities are mostly pinpointed by UHC policy documents, but concrete interventions mostly target the poor. Overall, the UHC policy of both countries are quite similar in terms of their approach to equity. Conclusions While equity is widely referred to in global and country-specific UHC policy documents, its multiple dimensions results in a rather rhetorical utilisation of the concept. Whereas equity covers various levels and types, many global UHC documents fail to define it properly and to comprehend the breadth of the concept. Consequently, perhaps, country-specific policy documents also use equity as a rhetoric principle, without sufficient consideration for concrete ways for implementation.

Texte intégral 659.9 kio (source)

Perez Dennis, Castro Marta, Van der Stuyft Patrick, Zabala Maria, Lefèvre Pierre, Toledo Maria, Ridde Valéry, Saré Diane, Matos Damayanti, Toledo Irene, Concepcion Damarys, Ceballos Enrique, Fabré Francisco, Hernandez Yisel, Sanchez Lizet, Alvarez Angel et Popa Julio Cesar (2019) « Aporte del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí e instituciones colaboradoras al desarrollo de la ciencia e investigación de imple- mentación en enfermedades infecciosas », Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba; Vol. 9, No. 3 (2019):, 9 (3), p. 206-210.

Résumé : Resumen De acuerdo con el Programa Especial de Investigación y Capacitación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (TDR/OMS), la investigación de implementación permite incrementar la utilización sistemática de los resultados de investigación en la práctica de los sistemas de salud, maximizar su efectividad e impactar en políticas sociales y de salud global. El TDR/OMS actualmente realiza esfuerzos internacionales de fortalecimiento de capacidades de investigación de implementación. El presente trabajo resume el aporte del IPK e instituciones colaboradoras en este campo, a partir de estudios realizados de 2005 a 2016, como parte de las acciones de enfrentamiento a la reemergencia del dengue en Cuba. Los objetivos fueron aportar evidencias empíricas sobre los determinantes del proceso de escalado de intervenciones de salud de probada efectividad, y resultados claves de implementación (fidelidad de la implementación, sostenibilidad y aceptabilidad), así como y proponer herramientas metodológicas para su evaluación. Se llevaron a cabo cinco estudios: una evaluación de los determinantes del proceso de implementación a gran escala, dos estudios de fidelidad de la implementación, un estudio de sostenibilidad y uno de aceptabilidad. Cuatro de ellos se realizaron en Cuba y uno en Burkina Faso (África). Se evaluaron estrategias basadas en la comunidad y dos métodos de control de Aedes aegypti (cortinas impregnadas y tratamiento residual con deltametrina). Fueron estudios de corte cualitativo, en su mayoría con períodos largos observación (2-10 años). En dos de los casos formaron parte de estudios experimentales de evaluación de efectividad. Se identificaron los determinantes relativos a la intervención, al programa de control Aedes aegypti y al contexto de implementación, que limitaron el impacto esperado de la implementación a gran escala de las estrategias de empoderamiento comunitario de 2005 a 2015. Se hicieron recomendaciones prácticas al programa. Se elaboró una herramienta de clasificación de los determinantes que permite identificar y manipular los factores modificables en el corto y mediano plazo para incrementar la efectividad de las intervenciones. Se elaboró la primera herramienta cubana de evaluación de la fidelidad de la implementación de intervenciones complejas, sobre la base de la herramienta más utilizada internacionalmente. Esta herramienta permite enmendar los fallos de implementación que impactan negativamente la efectividad. La herramienta cubana fue validada en el primer estudio que evalúa la fidelidad de la implementación de una intervención basada en la comunidad en la prevención del dengue en África. Los estudios de sostenibilidad y de aceptabilidad desde la perspectiva de los actores tributaron a la reformulación de políticas y programas de promoción y educación para la salud y de control de Aedes aegypti en Cuba sobre participación comunitaria e integración de métodos de control, respectivamente. El resultado de aporta a la comunidad científica internacional herramientas de evaluación de los determinantes de la implementación a gran escala de intervenciones complejas y de la fidelidad de la implementación a partir de estudios conducidos en Cuba, e incluye el primer reporte de evaluación de la fidelidad de la implementación de una intervención basada en la comunidad en la prevención del dengue en África, entre otros. Palabras clave Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí; resultados de investigación; enfermedades infecciosas

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Pérez Dennis, Van der Stuyft Patrick, Ridde Valéry et Lefèvre Pierre (2019) « To the bone: Comment on “I wanted a skeleton … they brought a prince”: A qualitative investigation of factors mediating the implementation of a Performance Based Incentive program in Malawi », SSM - Population Health (mai), p. 100305. DOI : 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.10.005. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352827318301137.

Résumé : Recently, McMahon and colleagues set out to build on a widely-used fidelity framework, assessing the role of moderating factors during the implementation of performance-based financing programs in Malawi. Their attempt draws again the attention to the importance of approaching real word implementation issues from a theoretical perspective. It also highlights the importance of fidelity assessment within process evaluation of health programs. In this comment we argue that theoretical developments in the field of implementation science in global health would benefit from an accurate understanding of existing conceptual frameworks as well as from taking into account all contemporary contributions.

Perouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2019) « Au-delà des stéréotypes : la culture politique du pétrole et l’État en Afrique », Les Afriques dans le monde (Sciences Po Bordeaux/CNRS, UMR 5115) (juin 14), p. 42. (Esquisses). https://elam.hypotheses.org/2090.

Résumé : A prolific and non-consensual academic literature makes it difficult to analyse the relationship between oil production, the state and the citizen in Africa. While criticizing the resource curse theory and deconstructing stereotypes on the black gold, this paper thus calls for more field research and monographic studies. Illustrated by a focus on Nigeria, it does not claim to be exhaustive but it shows that most African states have become prime actors of oil production on the continent. Indeed, the political economy of a global word has changed a lot since the nationalization of the oil industry in the 1970s.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2019) « Corruption : à qui la faute ? [Tribune] », Jeune Afrique, 3055, p. p. 43. https://hal.science/hal-04098439.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Snapshot (source)

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2019) « Le scientifique, le politique, le Mali et la France: la quadrature du cercle? », Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines, 53 (3) (septembre 2), p. 397-402. DOI : 10.1080/00083968.2019.1667249. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00083968.2019.1667249.

Texte intégral 742.2 kio (source)

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2019) « La sécurité au Nigéria », Diplomatie : affaires stratégiques et relations internationales, 99, p. 74. https://hal.science/hal-04006147.

Résumé : Confrontés à de nombreuses sources de violences ou impliqués dans des affrontements de natures multiples, et à défaut d'une police ef?cace, les Nigérians se sont organisés en milices. Mais, lorsqu'il s'agit de réguler des con?its, celles-ci font partie du problème et pas seulement de la solution

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Petit Véronique (2019) « Circulations et quêtes thérapeutiques en santé mentale au Sénégal », Revue francophone sur la santé et les territoires (décembre). https://rfst.hypotheses.org/les-circulations-en-sante-des-produits-des-savoirs-des-personnes-en-mouvement,.

Résumé : A partir de données anthropologiques et sociodémographiques collectées au Sénégal auprès de différentes catégories d’acteurs impliquées dans les quêtes thérapeutiques qu’engagent des personnes malades, seules ou soutenues par « leur(s) accompagnant(s) » afin de remédier à une pathologie mentale, sont décrites diverses circulations qui contribuent à structurer des parcours thérapeutiques souvent longs et chaotiques avant d’accéder à des soins psychiatriques. Les circulations des acteurs, des produits et des pratiques sont analysées à différentes échelles et interprétées par rapport à différents facteurs : l’inégale répartition territoriale de l’offre psychiatrique, les représentations des troubles psychiques et de leur guérison qui les rapprochent des maladies chroniques dans un contexte de pluralisme thérapeutique et de stigmatisation, certaines pratiques d’automédication au sein des familles en réponse au coût des soins en l’absence de couverture médicale universelle généralisée, enfin l’émergence de discours « psy » au sein de la société sénégalaise. Mots-clés : Sénégal, santé mentale, quête thérapeutique

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Petit Véronique (2019) « Retours contraints de migrants internationaux au Sénégal : dilemmes familiaux face à la maladie mentale », Revue européenne des migrations internatioanles, 34 (2-3), p. 131-158. DOI : 10.4000/remi.10901. https://journals.openedition.org/remi/10901.

Résumé : Cet article rend compte de la situation de certains migrants de retour dans leur pays d’origine, le Sénégal, du fait d’une pathologie mentale alors que ce voyage n’est ni anticipé ni souhaité par les acteurs impliqués. Cette situation spécifique offre un éclairage sur une forme de retours contraints indépendam- ment des rapatriements, des échecs dans la réalisation de la migration ou d’un retour programmé. Des données originales permettent d’interroger l’impact de la santé mentale sur les parcours migratoires et ce qu’il révèle de l’investisse- ment de la solidarité familiale dans la réalisation du projet migratoire. Les obser- vations et les récits questionnent la force du statut de migrant dans la société sénégalaise et sa possible érosion alors qu’il est présenté comme une «very very VIP » et qu’il incarne une des figures majeures de la réussite. Les migrants affectés par une maladie mentale peuvent revenir par leurs propres moyens ou être rapatriés pour des raisons sanitaires afin d’être soignés au Sénégal lorsque survient une dégradation de leur état psychique. La pathologie peut préexister à la vie en migration, mais cette dernière peut constituer un contexte favorable à son émergence ou à l’aggravation de l’état de santé du fait des conditions quotidiennes d’existence du migrant.

Petit Véronique et Wang Simeng (2019) « Editorial. Santé mentale en migrations internationales », Revue européenne des migrations internatioanles, 34 (2/3), p. 7-20. https://www.cairn.info/revue-europeenne-des-migrations-internationales-2018-2-page-7.htm.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Philibert A., Ravit M., Diarra D., Touré L. et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Au Mali, la collecte de données des enquêtes sociales réalisées dans le cadre des immatriculations au Régime d'assistance médicale (RAMED) reste à parfaire », p. 4 p. multigr. https://hal.science/hal-04098544.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Snapshot (source)

Philibert A., Ravit Marion, Diarra D., Touré L. et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Evaluation des enquêtes sociales : profil et diagnostic des personnes sélectionnées », p. 4 p. multigr. https://hal.science/hal-04145661.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Snapshot (source)

Pilecco Flávia Bulegon, Guillaume Agnès, Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et the Parcours Study Group (2019) « Induced Abortion and Migration to Metropolitan Paris by Sub-Saharan African Women: The Role of Intendedness of Pregnancy », Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 22 (décembre 20), p. 682-690. DOI : 10.1007/s10903-019-00956-9. https://rdcu.be/b4SGo.

Résumé : Migration can affect reproductive outcomes due to different socioeconomic and cultural contexts before and after migration, to changes in the affective and conjugal status of women and to their life conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between international migration and abortion. The data came from a retrospective life-event survey from sub-Saharan African women living in Île-de-France. Differences in abortion distribution before and after migration were assessed using the Pearson chi-square test, and the association between the predictor and the outcome was investigated using Generalized Estimating Equations. A total of 363 women and 1377 pregnancies were investigated. Among these pregnancies, 15.6% that occurred before and 11.0% that occurred after migration was reported as ended in abortion (p = 0.011). The odds of reporting having had an abortion was lower after migration (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.84), even after adjustment. However, after including intendedness of pregnancy in the model, this association lost its significance. The difference in induced abortion occurrence between before and after migration is almost entirely due to a change in the intendedness of pregnancy. Thus, socioeconomic and cultural issues have a greater weight in the decision to abort than the legal interdiction of this practice.

Pilon Marc, Delaunay Valérie, Marcoux Richard, Coulibaly Aminata et Dieme Binta (2019) « Essai de mesure et d’analyse de la présence de domestiques dans les ménages en Afrique subsaharienne », Politique africaine, 154 (2), p. 121. DOI : 10.3917/polaf.154.0121. http://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-africaine-2019-2-page-121.htm?ref=doi.

Résumé : Alors que le travail domestique en Afrique, assuré par des personnes extérieures à la famille, fait l’objet d’un intérêt croissant, la mesure de son ampleur et l’analyse de ses caractéristiques se heurtent à un manque de données adéquates. L’article propose un inventaire critique des sources de données permettant de saisir les situations de domesticité. À partir des données disponibles, il synthétise et compare entre pays les niveaux de prévalence du phénomène, mais en se limitant aux seul·e·s domestiques hébergé·e·s par leur ménage employeur, avec une analyse comparative plus approfondie entre Bamako et Dakar.

Pourraz Jessica (2019) « Produire des médicaments en Afrique subsaharienne à l’heure de la santé globale. Le cas des antipaludiques au Ghana », Politique africaine, 156 (4), p. 41. DOI : 10.3917/polaf.156.0041. http://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-africaine-2019-4-page-41.htm?ref=doi.

Résumé : Le paludisme constitue un problème majeur de santé publique au Ghana, qui dépend du soutien des programmes de santé globale pour la distribution des traitements. Ils conditionnent leurs financements à l’achat de médicaments à la qualité certifiée par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, label dont les firmes ghanéennes ne bénéficient pas faute de moyens, les laissant en marge des marchés. Le Ghana, avec le soutien d’autres partenaires, tente néanmoins de mettre en œuvre une politique de soutien à la production locale de médicaments afin de favoriser l’accès à des produits de qualité. À travers l’analyse des dispositifs de distribution d’antipaludiques, cet article propose d’interroger les effets des politiques de santé globale sur la politique industrielle pharmaceutique au Ghana.

Prado Helena (2019) « Images du corps nikkei à São Paulo », Ateliers d'anthropologie, 46 (juillet 3). DOI : 10.4000/ateliers.11586. http://journals.openedition.org/ateliers/11586.

Résumé : Cet article propose d’explorer les images relatives à la population d’origine japonaise à São Paulo à partir de l’étude des représentations stéréotypées et des déterminants de race présents dans les discours collectifs. En considérant à la fois quelques expressions de langage populaire fréquemment usitées et les discours recueillis, il vise à analyser ce qui est donné comme évidence, soit le corps désigné comme « japonais » au Brésil, étranger, différent et exclu des représentations du corps à l’œuvre dans le « mythe national ». Il s’agira donc d’identifier les marqueurs phénotypiques en jeu, et de mettre en évidence ce qui en découle directement, à savoir une série de représentations « naturellement » associée à l’ethnicité nikkei qui a trait à la fois à des normes esthétiques, comportementales, à des valeurs morales et intellectuelles et à des pratiques collectives et individuelles attendues des Nippo-Brésiliens.

Prado Helena (2019) « Jérôme Souty, Motel Brasil. Une anthropologie des love hotels », L'Homme, 230 (2), p. 204-206. DOI : 10.4000/lhomme.34198. http://journals.openedition.org/lhomme/34198.

Prigent Steven (2019) « ‘Education for All’ in Cambodia: Democratic Educational and Children’s Empowerment Global Values Facing State Patronage », The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 20 (1), p. 1-21. DOI : 10.1080/14442213.2018.1548643. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14442213.2018.1548643.

Résumé : Among countries in Southeast Asia, Cambodia hosts the most NGOs per inhabitant and is particularly influenced by international education policies. To this extent, Cambodia constitutes a pertinent fieldwork location for reflection upon the role of global governance of education in the ‘global South’. Grounded in long-term fieldwork in a village and primary school, and multi-sited fieldwork with education technocrats and functionaries at the national and provincial levels, this article examines the cooperation between the state and the ‘global-politic’ in the way that it is polarised around the development of the policy ‘Education for All’ (EFA) in Cambodia. I argue that the global actors in education are promoting a kind of ‘moral economy’ of education and that their different programmes, however diverse they may be, are underpinned by common democratic and empowerment values. These values remain fairly ‘silent’, buried beneath technocratic demands, and clash with the informal economy of patronage grafted onto the Ministry of Education. This is an informal economy to which I give some empirical depth. I defend the fact that this moral confrontation is part of the context in which a paradoxical situation has emerged and that some light needs to be shed on this paradox in a country where the post-colonial state of education agrees, to a certain extent, to delegate part of its sovereignty for the benefit of the ‘global-politic’ of education.

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