Références bibliographiques

Ante-Testard Pearl Anne, Hamidouche Mohamed, Apouey Bénédicte, Baggaley Rachel, Larmarange Joseph, Benmarhnia Tarik, Temime Laura et Jean Kévin (2022) « Understanding the pathways leading to socioeconomic inequalities in HIV testing uptake in 18 sub-Saharan African countries », AIDS, 36 (12) (octobre 1), p. 1707–1716. DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003316. https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2022/10010/Understanding_the_pathways_leading_to.11.aspx.

Résumé : Objective: To better understand the different pathways linking socioeconomic position and HIV testing uptake in 18 sub-Saharan African countries. Design: We used cross-sectional population-based surveys between 2010 and 2018. Methods: Using a potential outcomes framework and the product method, we decomposed the total effect linking wealth and recent (<12 months) HIV testing into direct effects, and indirect effects, via internal (related to individual's ability to perceive need for and to seek care) or external (ability to reach, pay for and engage in healthcare) mediators to calculate the proportion mediated (PM) by each mediator. Results: High levels of inequalities were observed in nine and 15 countries among women and men, respectively. The mediator indirect effect varied greatly across countries. The PM tended to be higher for internal than for external mediators. For instance, among women, HIV-related knowledge was estimated to mediate up to 12.1% of inequalities in Côte d’Ivoire; and up to 31.5% for positive attitudes towards people with HIV (PWH) in Senegal. For the four external mediators, the PM was systematically below 7%. Similar findings were found when repeating analyses on men for the internal mediators, with higher PM by attitudes towards PWH (up to 39.9% in Senegal). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that wealth-related inequalities in HIV testing may be mediated by internal more than external characteristics, with important variability across countries. Overall, the important heterogeneities in the pathways of wealth-related inequalities in HIV testing illustrate that addressing inequalities requires tailored efforts and upstream interventions.

Ariza-Vioque E., Ello F., Andriamamonjisoa H., Machault V., González-Martín J., Calvo-Cortés M. C., Eholié S., Tchabert G. A., Ouassa T., Raberahona M., Rakotoarivelo R., Razafindrakoto H., Rahajamanana L., Wilkinson R. J., Davis A., Maxebengula M., Abrahams F., Muzoora C., Nakigozi N., Nyehangane D., Nanjebe D., Mbega H., Kaitano R., Bonnet M., Debeaudrap Pierre, Miró J. M., Anglaret X., Rakotosamimanana N., Calmy A., Bonnet F. et Ambrosioni J. (2022) « Capacity Building in Sub-Saharan Africa as Part of the INTENSE-TBM Project During the COVID-19 Pandemic », Infect Dis Ther, 11 (4) (août), p. 1327-1341. DOI : 10.1007/s40121-022-00667-z.

Résumé : Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe and disabling form of tuberculosis (TB), with at least 100,000 cases per year and a mortality rate of up to 50% in individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intensified anti-tubercular regimen and an anti-inflammatory treatment, the INTENSE-TBM project includes a phase III randomised clinical trial (TBM-RCT) in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Within this framework, we designed a comprehensive capacity-building work package ensuring all centres had, or would acquire, the ability to conduct the TBM-RCT and developing a network of skilled researchers, clinical centres and microbiology laboratories. Here, we describe these activities, identify strengths/challenges and share tools adaptable to other projects, particularly in low- and lower-middle income countries with heterogeneous settings and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite major challenges, TBM-RCT initiation was achieved in all sites, promoting enhanced local healthcare systems and encouraging further clinical research in SSA. In terms of certified trainings, the achievement levels were 95% (124/131) for good clinical practice, 91% (39/43) for good clinical laboratory practice and 91% (48/53) for infection prevention and control. Platform-based research, developed as part of capacity-building activities for specific projects, may be a valuable tool in fighting future infectious diseases and in developing high-level research in Africa. The INTENSE-TBM project aimed to design a comprehensive work-package on capacity building, ensuring all centres would acquire the ability to conduct a phase III randomised clinical trial on TBM in sub-Saharan Africa, to reduce tuberculous meningitis mortality and morbidity in patients with/without HIV-1 co-infection. Therefore, the INTENSE-TBM project is an example of how an international clinical research consortium can provide opportunities to enhance local capacity building and promote centres without previous experience in clinical research. This article provides practical approaches for implementing effective capacity-building programmes. We highlight how to overcome limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic to successfully complete clinics, laboratory set-ups and personnel training, so as to optimise resources and empower African institutions on a local level. At the same time, our experience shows how capacity-building programmes can deliver long-lasting impact that extends beyond the original aims of the project (e.g. HIV and TB), and support local health systems in fighting other infectious disease (e.g. COVID-19). Research projects in low- and lower-middle income countries with heterogeneous settings could stand to benefit the most. eng

Mots-clés : Africa, Capacity building, Clinical research, Hiv, Intense-tbm, Tuberculous meningitis.

Note

2193-6382 Ariza-Vioque, E Ello, F Andriamamonjisoa, H Machault, V González-Martín, J Calvo-Cortés, M C Eholié, S Tchabert, G A Ouassa, T Raberahona, M Rakotoarivelo, R Razafindrakoto, H Rahajamanana, L Wilkinson, R J Davis, A Maxebengula, M Abrahams, F Muzoora, C Nakigozi, N Nyehangane, D Nanjebe, D Mbega, H Kaitano, R Bonnet, M Debeaudrap, P Miró, J M Anglaret, X Rakotosamimanana, N Calmy, A Bonnet, F Ambrosioni, J Orcid: 0000-0001-9931-6686 INTENSE-TBM Group RIA2017T-2019/EDCTP2 programme. European Union./ Journal Article Infect Dis Ther. 2022 Aug;11(4):1327-1341. doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00667-z. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Arvanitis Rigas, Mouton Johann et Néron Adeline (2022) « Funding Research in Africa: Landscapes of Re-institutionalisation », Science, Technology and Society (avril 18), p. 097172182210782. DOI : 10.1177/09717218221078235. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09717218221078235.

Résumé : This article begins with an overview of recent and current trends in scientific output in Africa. The focus is on how global dynamics and foreign funding support are directly affecting structural aspects of scientific research. It examines the fundamental role of foreign programmes and new forms of academic cooperation in African science. This includes a discussion of multilateral or transcontinental agreements and local universities, the role of private philanthropy and public institutions, trends in domestic expenditure on research and innovation, and how these are linked to the recent positive upturn in scientific production in many African countries.

(2022) « L’impact de la Covid-19 sur les inégalités scolaires dans l’espace francophone », 12 (1), 110 p. https://oap.unige.ch/journals/ed/issue/view/58/22.

Résumé : Ce numéro de la revue L’éducation en débats: analyse comparée aborde la question de l’impact de la Covid-19 sur les inégalités scolaires dans l’espace francophone. En proposant d’investiguer une problématique ancienne, celles des inégalités scolaires, au regard des conséquences de la Covid-19, la démarche permet à la fois de renseigner ces inégalités, mais aussi de mettre en exergue certaines d’entre elles. Elle permet aussi de revisiter certaines thématiques liées à l’analyse des inégalités scolaires, comme celle de l’éducation prioritaire à la lueur des conditions singulières créées par la pandémie, celle des inégalités sociales ou de genre ou encore celle observée entre établissements scolaires publics et privés.

Assane Igodoe Aissata et Lange Marie-France (2022) « Éditorial. L’impact de la Covid-19 sur les inégalités scolaires dans l’espace francophone », L’éducation en débats : analyse comparée, 12 (1) (juin 24), p. 1-11. DOI : 10.51186/journals/ed.2022.12-1.e865. https://oap.unige.ch/journals/ed/article/view/865.

Atlani-Duault Laetitia, Dubec Sophie et Morin Celine (2022) « Press coverage of sexual abuse by members of the Catholic Church in France (2016–2020) », European Journal of Communication (novembre 27). DOI : 10.1177/026732312211425.

Résumé : While sexual abuse by members of the Catholic Church is a topic of growing importance, and the subject of much work to understand its construction as a public problem, little research has attempted to analyse the press coverage of this phenomenon. This article focuses on French press coverage of sexual violence committed by Catholic Church members between 2016 and 2020, a period of intense coverage, and aims to grasp its causes and solutions as reported in the daily national press. Based on content analysis using an inductive framing grid that lists the causes and solutions reported by four major national daily newspapers, the study results reveal a tendency to highlight systemic causes, particularly the role played by the silence of the Church in the perpetuation of violence, while reporting extensively on individual cases. This reflects both the strong movement of recognition of the victims, as well as their driving role in the newspapers’ exposure of the phenomenon.

Mots-clés : ⚠️ Invalid DOI.

Aumond Florian, Petit Véronique et Robin Nelly (2022) « COVID-19, migrations et parcours : ruptures et continuités », Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 1-2 (28), p. 7-36. DOI : 10.4000/remi.19909.

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Ba Mouhamadou Faly, Faye Adama, Kane Babacar, Diallo Amadou Ibra, Junot Amandine, Gaye Ibrahima, Bonnet Emmanuel et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Senegal: a mixed study », Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (mai 11), p. 1-12. DOI : 10.1080/21645515.2022.2060020. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21645515.2022.2060020.

Résumé : This study was an explanatory, sequential, mixed-methods design conducted in Senegal. We collected quantitative data from December 24, 2020, to January 16, 2021, and qualitative data from February 19 to March 30, 2021. We conducted a telephone survey among a marginal quota sample of 607 people over 18 years old. We performed descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses with R software for the quantitative phase; and performed manual content analyses for the qualitative phase. We surveyed 607 people for the quantitative phase and interviewed 30 people for the qualitative phase. Individuals who hesitated or refused to be vaccinated represented 12.9% and 32.8%, respectively. Vaccine hesitancy was related to gender, living in large cities, having a poor attitude toward the vaccine, thinking that the vaccine would not help protect them from the virus, being influenced by people important to them, and lacking information from health professionals. Vaccine refusal was related to living in large cities, having a poor attitude toward the vaccine, thinking that the vaccine would not help protect them from the virus, thinking that the vaccine could endanger their health, trusting opinions of people who were important to them, and lacking information from health professionals. The results of the study show that the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal are diverse and complex. Addressing these factors will help to ensure better vaccination coverage. Governments and health authorities should intensify their efforts to promote vaccine confidence and reduce misinformation.

Note

doi: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2060020

Ba Mouhamadou Faly, Ridde Valéry, Diallo Amadou Ibra, Tine Jean Augustin Diégane, Kane Babacar, Gaye Ibrahima, Traoré Zoumana, Bonnet Emmanuel et Faye Adama (2022) « Acceptability of contact management and care of simple cases of COVID-19 at home: a cross-sectional study in Senegal », Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (octobre 12), p. trac094. DOI : 10.1093/trstmh/trac094. https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance-article/doi/10.1093/trstmh/trac094/6759152.

Résumé : Abstract Background COVID-19 is a major public health problem. In mid-2020, due to the health system challenges from increased COVID-19 cases, the Ministry of Health and Social Action in Senegal opted for contact management and care of simple cases at home. The objective of the study was to determine the acceptability of contact and simple case management of COVID-19 at home and its associated factors in Senegal. Methods This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. We collected data from 11 June to 10 July 2020. We used a marginal quota sampling strategy. A total of 813 individuals took part in the survey. We collected data using a telephone interview. Results The care of simple cases of COVID-19 at home was well accepted (78.5%). The use of home contact management was less accepted (51.4%). Knowledge of the modes of transmission of the virus and confidence in institutional information were associated with the acceptability of home care for simple cases. Regularly searching for information on COVID-19 and confidence in the government's control of the epidemic were associated with the acceptability of managing contacts at home. Conclusions Authorities should take these factors into account for better communication to improve the acceptability and confidence in home-based care for COVID-19 and future epidemics.

Baisley Kathy, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Larmarange Joseph, Plazy Melanie, Collier Dami, Dreyer Jaco, Mngomezulu Thobeka, Herbst Kobus, Hanekom Willem, Dabis Francois, Siedner Mark J. et Iwuji Collins (2022) « Early HIV treatment and survival over six years of observation in the ANRS 12249 Treatment as Prevention Trial », HIV Medicine, 23 (8) (février 26), p. 922-928. DOI : 10.1111/hiv.13263. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/hiv.13263.

Résumé : Objectives Population-based universal test and treat (UTT) trials have shown an impact on population-level virological suppression. We followed the ANRS 12249 TasP trial population for 6 years to determine whether the intervention had longer-term survival benefits. Methods The TasP trial was a cluster-randomized trial in South Africa from 2012 to 2016. All households were offered 6-monthly home-based HIV testing. Immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) was offered through trial clinics to all people living with HIV (PLHIV) in intervention clusters and according to national guidelines in control clusters. After the trial, individuals attending the trial clinics were transferred to the public ART programme. Deaths were ascertained through annual demographic surveillance. Random-effects Poisson regression was used to estimate the effect of trial arm on mortality among (i) all PLHIV; (ii) PLHIV aware of their status and not on ART at trial entry; and (iii) PHLIV who started ART during the trial. Results Mortality rates among PLHIV were 9.3/1000 and 10.4/1000 person-years in the control and intervention arms, respectively. There was no evidence that the intervention decreased mortality among all PLHIV [adjusted rate ratio (aRR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.85–1.43, p = 0.46] or among PLHIV who were aware of their status but not on ART. Among individuals who initiated ART, the intervention decreased mortality during the trial (aRR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.28–0.85, p = 0.01), but not after the trial ended. Conclusions The ‘treat all’ strategy reduced mortality among individuals who started ART but not among all PLHIV. To achieve maximum benefit of immediate ART, barriers to ART uptake and retention in care need to be addressed.

Mots-clés : HIV, immediate antiretroviral therapy, mortality, South Africa, test and treat.

Becquet Valentine, Sacco Nicolás et Pardo Ignacio (2022) « Disparities in Gender Preference and Fertility: Southeast Asia and Latin America in a Comparative Perspective », Population Research and Policy Review (janvier 19). DOI : 10.1007/s11113-021-09692-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-021-09692-1.

Résumé : A preference for sons and a sex selection against females are widespread in vast regions of the world, including a great number of Asian and East European countries. However, while a robust son bias has been widely studied in several countries of these regions, much less attention has been given to other regions, such as Latin America. The aim of this paper is to compare gender preferences in twelve selected countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America at the beginning of the twenty-first century by calculating to what extent parents adapt their fertility behaviors to ensure the birth of a preferred sex. Using census data from Integrated Public Use Microdata Series-International (IPUMS-I), derived mostly from the 2010 round, we compute parity progression ratios with the Kaplan–Meier estimator and estimate Cox regressions to include control variables. The results focus on the probability of having a third child and show that a mixed composition of children (one boy and one girl) is the most widespread preference, except in Vietnam, where a heavy son preference can still be observed. The least preferred outcome varies between regions and countries, but it is most often two daughters.

Mots-clés : Fertility, Gender preference, Latin America, Southeast Asia.

Bedaida Imad Eddine, Benguerna Mohamed et Meyer Jean-Baptiste (2022) « Emergence of Private Higher Education in Algeria: Actors and Pathways », Economics and Business, 36 (1) (janvier 1), p. 85-104. DOI : 10.2478/eb-2022-0006. https://www.sciendo.com/article/10.2478/eb-2022-0006.

Résumé : Abstract Since gaining independence, the higher education sector in Algeria has undergone several reforms to fulfil the country’s requirements in terms of higher education, both to absorb the growing number of high-school graduates and meet the needs of the labour market. The emergence of a private higher education sector in Algeria has been slow in comparison to European countries, the United States, Japan and our culturally/historically-similar neighbouring countries (Tunisia and Morocco). This article reveals the results of research conducted on the context, governance and development of private higher education in Algeria. To achieve the objectives of our research, the study was conducted on five recently-accredited private higher education institutions through field observation, documentary analysis and interviews with executives, teachers and students at these institutions. The main results of the qualitative research suggest that private higher education continues to evolve through a transitional phase characterised by a gradual integration into the socio-economic framework of the country. Through these results, we contribute firstly on a theoretical and academic level by conducting the first research on the private sector of higher education in Algeria; secondly, on a practical level, by providing a clear and comprehensive view of the situation of the emerging private sector in Algeria.

Berriane Yasmine, Hassabo Chaymaa et Elsadda Hoda (2022) « Le « devoir d'essayer ». Trajectoire d'une chercheuse féministe engagée. », Mondes arabes, p. 137. DOI : 10.3917/machr2.002.0137. https://hal.science/hal-03888552.

Résumé : Peu connue des milieux francophones, Hoda Elsadda est, aujourd’hui, une référence incontournable de la recherche menée sur les sociétés du Maghreb et du Machrek dans les milieux universitaires arabophones et anglophones. Ses recherches couvrent les études sur le genre, l’histoire orale, la littérature, l’histoire intellectuelle, les mobilisations politiques et, enfin, la production et la circulation des savoirs dans une perspective postcoloniale. De plus – et elle le revendique d’ailleurs pleinement –, sa trajectoire académique est intimement liée à son engagement politique et militant : mobilisations pour les droits des femmes et contre les intrusions policières dans les universités, engagement politique et participation dans des instances de réforme gouvernementale, implication dans des initiatives de diffusion et de traduction de la recherche arabophone, création de fonds d’archives permettant d’écrire une contre-histoire des femmes. Le récit qu’elle nous offre sur les différentes étapes de sa vie, au Caire où elle est née en 1958, à Beyrouth où elle a vécu les premières années de la guerre civile, à Oxford où elle a préparé une partie de sa thèse, à Manchester où elle a été professeure pendant six ans avant de retourner au Caire en 2011, nous renseigne sur le développement du milieu universitaire et militant en Égypte, et il nous éclaire aussi (voire surtout) sur les crises, les doutes, les espoirs et les multiples revirements qui peuvent marquer une trajectoire d’intellectuelle engagée.

Berthod Delphine, Alvarez Dara, Perozziello Anne, Chabrol Fanny et Lucet Jean-Christophe (2022) « Are there reasons behind high Handrub consumption? A French National in-depth qualitative assessment », Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 11 (1) (février 23), p. 42. DOI : 10.1186/s13756-022-01074-2.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene (HH) is the most important measure for preventing healthcare-associated infections. A significant correlation between alcohol-based handrub consumption (AHRC) and observed HH compliance rates has been established. In France, publicly reported AHRC displayed a large heterogeneity across healthcare facilities (HCFs). We aimed to describe programmes for promoting HH in the top and medium AHRC scorers and to assess factors and drivers leading to a high AHRC score in a panel of French HCFs. METHODS: We performed a nationwide qualitative comparative case study based on in-depth semi-structured interviews in 16 HCFs with high, 4-year AHRC scores, and a sample of seven university hospitals (UHs) with medium AHRC scores. Infection Prevention and Control Team (IPC) members (n = 62), quality managers/chief executive officers (n = 23) and frontline workers (n = 6) were interviewed, using a grounded theory approach and an iterative thematic approach. RESULTS: Ninety-one interviews were performed. There was a large heterogeneity in IPC structures and objectives, with specific patterns associated with high AHRC that were more organisational than technical. Four areas emerged: (1) strong cohesive team structure with supportive and outcome-oriented work attitude, (2) IPC structure within the organization, (3) active support from the institution, (4) leadership and role model. Among high AHRC scorers, a good core IPC organisation, a proactive and flexible management, a frequent presence in the clinical wards, and working in a constructive safety climate were prominent. CONCLUSION: We highlighted that IPC structure and activity is heterogeneous, with organisational and behavioural characteristics associated with high AHRC score. Beyond technical challenge, our work underlines the importance of strong structure of the IPC and behavioural approaches in implementing key IPC programmes.

Mots-clés : Cross infection, Education, France, Hand disinfection, Health knowledge, attitude practice, Health personnel, Prevention and control, Qualitative research, Standards.

PubMed entry

Bertuzzi Leticia, El Aarbaoui Tarik, Heron Mégane, Gosselin Anne, Roy-de-Lachaise Laurine, Fossi Larissa, Della Corte Francesco, Vignier Nicolas, Melchior Maria, Schreiber Merritt, Vandentorren Stephanie et Vuillermoz Cécile (2022) « Longitudinal survey on the Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Healthcare Workers (PsyCOVer) in France: study protocol », BMJ Open, 12 (1) (janvier), p. e053009. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053009. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053009.

Résumé : Introduction In the pandemic, healthcare professionals face even higher levels of stress. It is therefore a priority to estimate the impact of the pandemic on mental health and to propose targeted strategies to improve resilience. The aims of the study were to (1) assess the mental health of healthcare professionals working with patients with COVID-19 and identify social determinants that may increase the risk of negative outcomes; and (2) test the effectiveness of an intervention to improve the resilience of healthcare professionals in France. Methods and analysis To evaluate the first objective, a national longitudinal study will be carried out among healthcare professionals working with patients with COVID-19. Participants will be recruited via an internet link that will be widely disseminated on social media, mailing lists, medical boards and French medical journals. Primary outcomes are mental health distress/symptoms and resilience. Secondary outcomes are burnout, social and occupational supports and substance use. To meet the second objective, an interventional study will be conducted. The main outcome is the effectiveness of the PsySTART-Responder and the Anticipate.Plan.Deter program. Qualitative analyses will be conducted to understand the strategies used to cope with the pandemic. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the Sorbonne Université Ethical Committee (No 2020-CER-2020-27) and was declared to French Commission on Information Technology and Liberties, CNIL (N°2222413, 20-05-2021). The results of this study will provide a better understanding of mental health and social inequalities in mental health among healthcare professionals working in the pandemic; data about the effectiveness of the PsySTART-Responder and the Anticipate.Plan.Deter interventional program in France.

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