Références bibliographiques

Campeau Laurence, Degroote Stéphanie, Ridde Valery, Carabali Mabel et Zinszer Kate (2018) « Containment measures for emerging and re-emerging vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban settings: a scoping review », Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7 (95) (décembre), p. 1-16. DOI : 10.1186/s40249-018-0478-4. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-018-0478-4.

Chabrol Fanny (2018) « Goodbye Charity Hospital. L'hôpital s’impose, même lorsqu'il n'existe plus », Anthropologie & Santé. Revue internationale francophone d'anthropologie de la santé, 16 (mai 18). DOI : 10.4000/anthropologiesante.3045. http://journals.openedition.org/anthropologiesante/3045.

Résumé : This think-piece presents an exploratory research conducted in New Orleans in February 2015. I took great interest in the history - distant and recent - of Charity Hospital, a big public hospital of New Orleans parish established in 1736 which provided accessible yet excellent services for all. Since the 1930s this hospital was embodied in the collective identity throughout the specific urban history of racial segregation and poverty becoming emblematic of welfare for disadvantaged and Afro-American populations. Although also emblematic of solidarity during hurricane Katrina, this hospital was nonetheless closed in the aftermath of the storm. It was never re-opened despite intense collective attachment and huge health needs. A case of disaster capitalism (Klein, 2007; Ott, 2012), the damaged infrastructure serves as an excuse for state authorities to get rid of the "Charity system" and accessible healthcare for all. Despite years of collective mobilizations and several plans to reuse and reopen Charity, the gigantic Art Deco building is in ruins and a brand new hospital complex "up to the standard" has opened a few streets away within a new "biodistrict" neighborhood. This text presents a few ideas that have nourished my research on hospitals' political economy and the collective sense of belonging to health infrastructures.

Chabrol Fanny (2018) « La longue éclipse des hépatites virales en Afrique », Émulations - Revue de sciences sociales, 27, p. 15-31. https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/emulations/article/view/chabrol.

Résumé : L’épidémie liée au virus de l’hépatite B (et hépatite C dans une moindre mesure) est peu connue et pourtant dévastatrice sur l’ensemble du continent africain. La prévalence de l’hépatite B se situe entre 8 % et 12 % dans la plupart des pays. En l’absence de prise en charge thérapeutique, l’infection devient chronique et peut évoluer vers la cirrhose et le cancer du foie. À partir d’une approche ethnographique et sociohistorique, j’aborde les hépatites virales selon le paradoxe de leur visibilité à l’hôpital et leur invisibilité en santé mondiale, un paradoxe qui explique leur difficile passage au statut de maladies chroniques, pour les patients comme pour les systèmes de santé. L’hépatite B en Afrique, par son ampleur, par son histoire récente, renvoie à la place négligée des maladies chroniques et du cancer en Afrique en particulier les cancers liés à des virus dans les politiques de santé mondiale.

Mots-clés : Cameroun, chronicité, épidémie, ethnographie hospitalière, hépatite virale, santé mondiale, ⛔ No DOI found.

Chabrol Fanny (2018) « Viral Hepatitis and a Hospital Infrastructure in Ruins in Cameroon », Medical Anthropology, 37 (8) (novembre 14), p. 1-14. DOI : 10.1080/01459740.2018.1518981. https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2018.1518981.

Résumé : Ethnographic material dealing with the contemporary viral hepatitis B and C epidemics in Cameroon provide a window onto the acute constraints and shortcomings of hospital care for patients, families, and health care workers. Although viral hepatitis has long been an invisible epidemic in international and global public health regimes, in Cameroon, it is diagnosed, made visible, and felt as a financially daunting and feared disease. Building on Ann Stoler’s framework of imperial ruins, I consider hepatitis as an iatrogenic disease, emerging from scarce and unsound hospital infrastructures, such as blood transfusion techniques, as well as colonial public health vaccination practices. Such hospital technologies continue to produce anxieties, risk and excessive health expenses and hence cast their shadows on the future.

Mots-clés : Cameroon, HIV, hospital ethnography, infrastructure, ruination, viral hepatitis.

Chavez Henry et Gaybor Jacqueline (2018) « Science and technology internationalization and the emergence of peripheral techno-dreams: the Yachay project case », Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 1 (1) (novembre 2), p. 1-18. DOI : 10.1080/25729861.2018.1523522. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25729861.2018.1523522.

Résumé : On the basis of interviews, observations and archival analysis, this article explores the controversies surrounding the Yachay project case in Ecuador and unveils three ideological processes behind its conception and implementation. First, we show how the new elite in the government used this project to produce and reproduce a new power structure using a symbolic strategy based on propaganda and on an imaginary of techno-scientiﬁc modernization. Second, we unveil the material and symbolic reproduction of a cosmopolitan elite of international experts that proﬁted from the Ecuadorian public funds in exchange for their name and prestige, thanks to a discourse based on cosmopolitanism, urgency, and voluntarism. Finally, we explain how the Yachay project has triggered the reconﬁguration of the local symbolic sphere according to the new conditions of reproduction of the world system by reshaping the local imaginaries around technology and innovation. We conclude that Yachay, like other similar projects that have emerged at the same time in other parts of the world, is part of a global process of reconﬁguration of the ideological and institutional conditions that accompany the deployment of the latest wave of technoeconomic transformations in the global system.

Cicchelli Vincenzo (2018) « Se rattacher au monde. Considérations propédeutiques à l’analyse de l’engagement cosmopolite des jeunes adultes », Revue Jeunes et Sociétés, 3 (2), p. 76-94. DOI : 10.7202/1075737ar. http://rjs.inrs.ca/index.php/rjs/article/view/151/.

Résumé : Cet article entend avancer quelques considérations propédeutiques à l’analyse d’un type d’engagement pour le monde, que j’appelle engagement cosmopolite, s’inscrivant dans un sentiment de rattachement à une commune humanité. Dans cet article, je pars de l’hypothèse que même dans un cadre qui dépasse les liens sociaux de proximité, et qui finit par embrasser le cercle ultime de l’humanité tout entière, l’individu peut éprouver un sentiment tel que la responsabilité en vienne à être considérée comme une réponse irrécusable, incessible et non résiliable à l’égard d’autrui. Je m’interroge sur la façon dont s’exprime ce sentiment lorsque des peuples, pouvant être éloignés sur le plan géographique, voire culturel, sont frappés par des événements tels des catastrophes nucléaires et environnementales, des attentats terroristes, des génocides. En exploitant une partie des entretiens menés en 2011 auprès d’une trentaine de jeunes adultes français, j’insiste sur cette forme de souci d’autrui qui peut être intelligible par la notion d’engagement cosmopolite. J’inscris l’analyse de cet engagement à l’intérieur d’un cadre général de socialisation cosmopolite de type éthique. Émerge l’idéal de l’individu cosmopolite : compétent sur le plan géopolitique, faisant preuve d’une certaine sollicitude, manifestant une forme de souci d’un autrui éloigné culturellement et géographiquement. Le repoussoir serait un individu cynique n’affichant aucune forme de sensibilité pour le sort des êtres humains. Mots-clés : engagement cosmopolite, humanité, responsabilité, compassion, empathie

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2018) « Fictionnalisation des attentats et théorie du complot chez les adolescents », Quaderni, 95, p. 53-64. DOI : 10.4000/quaderni.1140. http://journals.openedition.org/quaderni/1140.

Résumé : S’il est admis que la production culturelle a accoutumé les adolescents à endosser une posture interprétative, peu d’enquêtes s’attachent à en montrer les contours et à explorer le lien entre cette dernière et une propension à adhérer aux théories du complot. Nous considérons ici les adolescents comme des narratologues ordinaires et tentons de décrire les mécanismes de fictionnalisa¬tion par lesquels ces derniers retrouvent dans le réel et dans les médias-cultures des schèmes interprétatifs communs.

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2018) « Pour une approche cosmopolite de la globalisation », Presses de l'Inalco, 2, p. 1-21. (Sociétés Plurielles). https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01692718/document.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Cicchelli Vincenzo, Octobre Sylvie, Riegel Viviane, Katz-Gerro Tally et Handy Femida (2018) « A tale of three cities: Aesthetico-cultural cosmopolitanism as a new capital among youth in Paris, São Paulo, and Seoul », Journal of Consumer Culture (décembre 27), p. 146954051881862. DOI : 10.1177/1469540518818629. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1469540518818629.

Résumé : This article adds to the literature on the consequences of cultural capital at the age of cultural globalization by analyzing the ways youth engage in globalized cultural consumption in three cities – Paris, São Paulo, and Seoul. Drawing on cosmopolitanism as an aesthetic and cultural stance of openness and on global cultural consumption as providing youth with cosmopolitan skills, we compare the uses of aesthetico-cultural cosmopolitanism in three contexts. We offer an original account of different uses of cosmopolitan cultural skills, which, to varying degrees in the three contexts, signal generational belonging, social distinction, educational and professional success, and personal eruditeness and fulfillment. Analysis of recent interviews with 80 youth in each city reveals distinct uses of aesthetico-cultural cosmopolitanism: as a vehicle for self-development (either empowerment or Bildung) in Paris, as a means for the cultivation of social capital for personal status in São Paulo, and as human capital serving for labor market entry and attainment in Seoul. Our findings accentuate that even with the prevalence of cultural globalization in global cities, the functions of cosmopolitan skills remain highly dependent on educational, institutional, cultural, and political contexts at the national level, which create different incentives and opportunities or barriers to experiencing otherness and developing new types of cultural capital. Keywords Aesthetico-cultural cosmopolitanism, youth, cross-national comparison, globalization of culture, cultural consumption

Cloos Patrick et Ridde Valéry (2018) « Research on climate change, health inequities, and migration in the Caribbean », The Lancet Planetary Health, 2 (1) (janvier), p. e4-e5. DOI : 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30176-6. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2542519617301766.

Cole Claire B., Pacca Julio, Mehl Alicia, Tomasulo Anna, van der Veken Luc, Viola Adalgisa et Ridde Valéry (2018) « Toward communities as systems: a sequential mixed methods study to understand factors enabling implementation of a skilled birth attendance intervention in Nampula Province, Mozambique », Reproductive Health, 15 (1) (décembre), p. 132. DOI : 10.1186/s12978-018-0574-8. https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-018-0574-8.

Résumé : Skilled birth attendance, institutional deliveries, and provision of quality, respectful care are key practices to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. In Mozambique, the government has prioritized improved service delivery and demand for these practices, alongside “humanization of the birth process.” An intervention implemented in Nampula province beginning in 2009 saw marked improvement in institutional delivery rates. This study uses a sequential explanatory mixed methods case study design to explore the contextual factors that may have contributed to the observed increase in institutional deliveries.

Coulibaly A., Zitti T., Ridde Valéry et Dagenais C. (2018) « Les défis de l'accès aux connaissances et à l'information lors du démarrage d'un projet FBR au Mali », p. 4 p. multigr. https://hal.science/hal-04106056.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Snapshot (source)

Currie-Alder Bruce, Arvanitis Rigas et Hanafi Sari (2018) « Research in Arabic-speaking countries: Funding competitions, international collaboration, and career incentives », Science and Public Policy, 45 (1) (février 1), p. 74-82. DOI : 10.1093/scipol/scx048. https://academic.oup.com/spp/article/45/1/74/4107903.

Résumé : Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Qatar expanded research funds over the past two decades. The use of competitive calls required researchers to prepare and submit proposals for team-based projects or time-limited research units. Identification of national priorities and societal challenges sought to rally research toward real-world problems, while larger grants encouraged a wider range of research activities and greater levels of ambition. Yet, the incentives within hiring organizations still determine how researchers allocate their time and effort, including whether they even seek external funding or collaboration. Selection and evaluation criteria privileged collabor- ation with distant, scientifically proficient partners abroad, in order to connect with global networks and rise in international rankings of academic quality. Moving forward, countries need to consider how funding opportunities shape the size and organization of distinct research efforts, and which arrangements are best suited to making meaningful progress on different problems of societal and scientific interest.

Dagenais Christian, Degroote Stéphanie, Otmani Del Barrio Mariam, Bermudez-Tamayo Clara et Ridde Valéry (2018) « Establishing research priorities in prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in urban areas: a collaborative process », Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7 (85) (décembre), p. 1-10. DOI : 10.1186/s40249-018-0463-y. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-018-0463-y.

Résumé : Background: In 2015, following a call for proposals from the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), six scoping reviews on the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in urban areas were conducted. Those reviews provided a clear picture of the available knowledge and highlighted knowledge gaps, as well as needs and opportunities for future research. Based on the research findings of the scoping reviews, a concept mapping exercise was undertaken to produce a list of priority research needs to be addressed. Methods: Members of the six research teams responsible for the "VEctor boRne DiseAses Scoping reviews" (VERDAS) consortium's scoping reviews met for 2 days with decision-makers from Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Pan-American Health Organization, and World Health Organization. A total of 11 researchers and seven decision-makers (from ministries of health, city and regional vector control departments, and vector control programs) completed the concept mapping, answering the question: "In view of the knowledge synthesis and your own expertise, what do we still need to know about vector-borne diseases and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban areas?" Participants rated each statement on two scales from 1 to 5, one relative to 'priority' and the other to 'policy relevance', and grouped statements into clusters based on their own individual criteria and expertise. Results: The final map consisted of 12 clusters. Participants considered those entitled "Equity", "Technology", and "Surveillance" to have the highest priority. The cluster considered the most important concerns equity issues, confirming that these issues are rarely addressed in research on vector-borne diseases. On the other hand, the "Population mobility" and "Collaboration" clusters were considered to be the lowest priority but remained identified by participants as research priorities. The average policy relevance scores for each of the 12 clusters were roughly the same as the priority scores for all clusters. Some issues were not addressed during the brain-storming. This is the case for governance and for access and quality of care. Conclusions: Based on this work, and adopting a participatory approach, the concept mapping exercise conducted collaboratively with researchers from these teams and high-level decision-makers identified research themes for which studies should be carried out as a priority.

Dagenais Christian et Ridde Valéry (2018) « Policy brief as a knowledge transfer tool: to “make a splash”, your policy brief must first be read », Gaceta Sanitaria (mars). DOI : 10.1016/j.gaceta.2018.02.003. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213911118300360.

Résumé : Since 2010, the research teams that we work with have produced dozens of policy briefs (PB) with the purpose of informing the various stakeholders of the results of our studies and their usefulness regarding public health practices, decision-making and policy change. Because they are only aids to decision-making, “A policy brief is just a piece of paper, it doesn’t DO anything on its own”, preparing these PBs should always form part of a broader knowledge transfer process. Therefore, they often serve as discussion tools during deliberative workshops1 focusing on the manner in which the results could be incorporated into practices and public policies. Based on these experiences, we have developed a guide for preparing policy briefs, which we have used with researchers over and over again in our training workshops2. This training was offered in different formats lasting from three hours to two days. In this editorial, we use our different experiences to put forward a PB format intended for a non-scientiﬁc audience, to act as an inﬂuence on practices and policy-making.

De Allegri Manuela, Sieleunou I, Abiiro G A et Ridde Valery (2018) « How far is mixed methods research in the field of health policy and systems in Africa? A scoping review », Health Policy and Planning (janvier 19). DOI : 10.1093/heapol/czx182. http://academic.oup.com/heapol/advance-article/doi/10.1093/heapol/czx182/4818265.

Résumé : Both the academic and the policy community are calling for wider application of mixed methods research, suggesting that combined use of quantitative and qualitative methods is most suitable to assess and understand the complexities of health interventions. In spite of recent growth in mixed methods studies, limited efforts have been directed towards appraising and synthetizing to what extent and how mixed methods have been applied specifically to Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed at filling this gap in knowledge, by exploring the scope and quality of mixed methods research in the African context. We conducted a scoping review applying the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley and modified by Levac et al. to identify and extract data from relevant studies published between 1950 and 2013. We limited our search to peer-reviewed HPSR publications in English, which combined at least one qualitative and one quantitative method and focused on Africa. Among the 105 studies that were retained for data extraction, over 60% were published after 2010. Nearly 50% of all studies addressed topics relevant to Health Systems, while Health Policy and Health Outcomes studies accounted respectively for 40% and 10% of all publications. The quality of the application of mixed methods varied greatly across studies, with a relatively small proportion of studies stating clearly defined research questions and differentiating quantitative and qualitative elements, including sample sizes and analytical approaches. The methodological weaknesses observed could be linked to the paucity of specific training opportunities available to people interested in applying mixed methods to HPSR in LMICs as well as to the limitations on word limit, scope and peer-review processes at the journals levels. Increasing training opportunities and enhancing journal flexibility may result in more and better quality mixed methods publications.

Debeaudrap Pierre, Bodeau-Livinec Florence, Pasquier Estelle, Germanaud David, Ndiang Suzie Tetang, Nlend Anne Njom, Ndongo Francis Ateba, Guemkam Georgette, Penda Ida Callixte, Warszawski Josiane, Koecher Diavolana, Faye Albert et Tejiokem Mathurin (2018) « Neurodevelopmental outcomes in HIV-infected and uninfected African children aged 4 to 9 years from the pediacam cohort: », AIDS (octobre), p. 1. DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002023. http://Insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00002030-900000000-97078.

Résumé : Objective: HIV infection is associated with cognitive impairments, but outcomes are poorly explored in children starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) early or in those exposed but uninfected. Design: Nested cross-sectional evaluation of the neurocognitive and behavioural outcomes of HIV-infected, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed (HUU) Cameroonian children at age 4-9 years prospectively followed. Methods: Cognitive development was assessed in 127 HIV-infected, 101 HEU, 110 HUU children using the KABC-II, neurologic dysfunction using the Touwen examination and behavioural difficulties using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Analyses were adjusted for children age, sex and primary language. Contextual factors were included in a second step to assess their effects on outcomes. Results: All HIV-infected children were treated before 12 months. There was a negative linear gradient in KABC-II scores from HUU children to HEU and HIV-infected children [gradient: -6.0 (-7.7; -4.3) for nonverbal index, NVI, and -8.8 (-10.7; -6.8) for mental processing index, MPI1. After adjusting for contextual factors, scores of HEU children were not significantly different from those of HUU children (all P > 0.1) and differences between HIV-uninfected and HUU children reduced [NVI: from -11.9 (-15.3; -8.5) to -3.4 (-6.8; -0.01), MPI: from -17.6 (-21.3; -13.8) to -5.5 (-9.3; -1.7)]. Compared with uninfected children, HIV-infected children had more neurological dysfunctions and higher SDQ scores (P=0.002). Conclusion: Despite early ART, perinatal-HIV infection is associated with poorer neurocognitive scores and increased behavioural difficulties during childhood. Contextual factors play an important role in this association, which emphasizes the need for early nutritional and developmental interventions targeting both HIV-affected infants and their relatives.

Degroote Stéphanie, Bermudez-Tamayo Clara et Ridde Valéry (2018) « Approach to identifying research gaps on vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban settings: scoping review protocol from the VERDAS consortium and reflections on the project’s implementation », Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7 (1) (décembre). DOI : 10.1186/s40249-018-0479-3. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-018-0479-3.

Résumé : Background: This paper presents the overall approach undertaken by the "VEctor boRne DiseAses Scoping reviews" (VERDAS) consortium in response to a call issued by the Vectors, Environment and Society unit of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases hosted by the World Health Organization. The aim of the project was to undertake a broad knowledge synthesis and identify knowledge gaps regarding the control and prevention of vector-borne diseases in urban settings. Methods: The consortium consists of 14 researchers, 13 research assistants, and one research coordinator from seven different institutions in Canada, Colombia, Brazil, France, Spain, and Burkina Faso. A six-step protocol was developed for the scoping reviews undertaken by the consortium, based on the framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley and improved by Levac et al. In the first step, six topics were identified through an international eDelphi consultation. In the next four steps, the scoping reviews were conducted. The sixth step was the VERDAS workshop held in Colombia in March 2017. Discussion: In this article, we discuss several methodological issues encountered and share our reflections on this work. We believe this protocol provides a strong example of an exhaustive and rigorous process for performing broad knowledge synthesis for any given topic and should be considered for future research initiatives and donor agendas in multiple fields to highlight research needs scientifically.

Degroote Stéphanie, Zinszer Kate et Ridde Valéry (2018) « Interventions for vector-borne diseases focused on housing and hygiene in urban areas: a scoping review », Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7 (1) (décembre). DOI : 10.1186/s40249-018-0477-5. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-018-0477-5.

Résumé : Background: Over half the world's human populations are currently at risk from vector-borne diseases (VBDs), and the heaviest burden is borne by the world's poorest people, communities, and countries. The aim of this study was to conduct a review on VBD interventions relevant to housing and hygiene (including sanitation and waste management) in urban areas. Main body: We conducted a scoping review, which involved systematically searching peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 2000 and 2016 using five scientific databases and one database for grey literature. Different data extraction tools were used for data coding and extraction. We assessed the quality of each study using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and extracted descriptive characteristics and data about implementation process and transferability from all studies using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication and ASTAIRE (a tool for analyzing the transferability of health promotion interventions) tools. We reviewed 44 studies. Overall, the studies were judged to be of high risk for bias. Our results suggest multifaceted interventions, particularly community-based interventions, have the potential to achieve wider and more sustained effects than do standard vertical single-component programs. The evaluations of multifaceted interventions tend to include integrated evaluations, using not only entomological indicators but also acceptability and sustainability indicators. Conclusions: This review highlighted the important need for higher quality research in VBDs and improved and standardized reporting of interventions. Significant research gaps were found regarding qualitative research and implementation research, and results highlighted the need for more interventions focus on sanitation and hygiene practices.

Delafield Rebecca, Pirkle Catherine M. et Dumont Alexandre (2018) « Predictors of uterine rupture in a large sample of women in Senegal and Mali: cross-sectional analysis of QUARITE trial data », BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18 (1) (janvier). DOI : 10.1186/s12884-018-2064-y. https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-018-2064-y.

Résumé : BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of uterine rupture in a large sample of sub-Saharan African women. Uterine rupture is rare in high-income countries, but it is more common in low-income settings where health systems are often under-resourced. However, understanding of risk factors contributing to uterine rupture in such settings is limited due to small sample sizes and research rarely considers system and individual-level factors concomitantly.MethodsCross-sectional data analysis from the pre-intervention period (Oct. 1, 2007- Oct. 1, 2008) of the QUARITE trial, a large-scale maternal mortality study. This research examines uterine rupture among 84,924 women who delivered in one of 46 referral hospitals in Mali and Senegal. A mixed-effects logistic regression model identified individual and geographical risk factors associated with uterine rupture, accounting for clustering by hospital.ResultsFive hundred sixty-nine incidences of uterine rupture (0.67% of sample) were recorded. Predictors of uterine rupture: grand multiparity defined as >5 live births (aOR=7.57, 95%CI; 5.19-11.03), prior cesarean (aOR=2.02, 95%CI; 1.61-2.54), resides outside hospital region (aOR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.28-2.81), no prenatal care visits (aOR=1.80, 95%CI; 1.44-2.25), and birth weight of >3600g (aOR=1.61, 95%CI; 1.30-1.98). Women who were referred and who had an obstructed labor had much higher odds of uterine rupture compared to those who experienced neither (aOR: 46.25, 95%CI; 32.90-65.02).ConclusionsThe results of this large study confirm that the referral system, particularly for women with obstructed labor and increasing parity, is a main determinant of uterine rupture in this context. Improving labor and delivery management at each level of the health system and communication between health care facilities should be a priority to reduce uterine rupture.

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de Tayrac Renaud et Schantz Clémence (2018) « Lésions pelvipérinéales obstétricales : anatomie, physiologie, physiopathologie et situations particulières. RPC prévention et protection périnéale en obstétrique CNGOF », Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie, 46 (12) (décembre), p. 900-912. DOI : 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.10.031. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2468718918302861.

Résumé : Objectives. - To assess whether pelvic size and shape, spinal curvature, perinea] body length and genital hiatus size are associated with the incidence of childbirth pelvic floor trauma. Special situations, such as obesity, ethnicity and hyperlaxity, will also be studied. Methods. - A bibliographic research using Pubmed and Cochrane Library databases was conducted until May 2018. Publications in English and French were selected by initial reading of the abstracts. Randomized trials, meta-analyzes, case-control studies and large cohorts were studied in a privileged way. Results. - A pubic arch angle < 90 degrees (measured clinically) does not appear to increase the risk of OASIS (Level 3), but appears to be a risk factor for postnatal anal incontinence at short-term, but not at long-term (Level 3). Measurement of pelvic dimensions and the subpubic angle is not recommended to predict OASIS or to choose the mode of delivery for the purpose of protecting the perineum (Grade C). Prenatal measurement of both perineal body (Level 3) and genital hiatus (Level 2) does not predict the incidence of 2nd or 3rd degree OASIS. Therefore, the routine prenatal measurement of the length of the perineal body or the genital hiatus is not recommended for any objective related to perineal protection (Grade C). Levator avulsion, resulting in a widening of the genital hiatus, is potentially a source of long-term pelvic floor dysfunction. Biomechanical models suggest that performing a mediolateral episiotomy and applying the fingers to the posterior perineum at the time of expulsive phase may reduce pelvic floor trauma. Obese women have a longer perineal body (Level 3), and obesity does not seem to increase the risk of OASIS (Level 2). There is no difference between Asian and non-Asian women perineal body (Level 3). No studies have validated that the liberal practice of episiotomy in Asian women reduced the risk of OASIS. It is therefore not recommended to practice an episiotomy for simple ethnic reasons in Asian women (Grade C). Compared to white women, black women do not appear to have an increased risk of OASIS and even appear to have a decreased risk of perineal tears of all stages (Level 2). Ligament hyperlaxity seems to be associated with an increased risk of OASIS (Level 2). Conclusions. - Prenatal assessment of pelvis bone, spine curvature, perineal body and genital hiatus do not allow to predict the incidence of childbirth pelvic floor trauma. Obesity and ethnicity are not risk factors for OASIS. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Dia Hamidou (2018) « Dynamiques de construction de l'école dans un contexte libéral : esquisse d'un art sénégalais des compromis provisoires », p. 47. DOI : 10.3917/kart.grego.2018.01.0049. https://hal.science/hal-04105452.

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Dia Hamidou et Ngwe Luc (2018) « La circulación de los docentes e investigadores africanos: Controversias, prácticas y políticas », Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 12,4 (4), p. I. DOI : 10.3917/rac.041.0541. http://www.cairn.info/revue-anthropologie-des-connaissances-2018-4-page-I.htm.

Résumé : Este dossier busca llenar un vacío en el campo de los estudios sobre las movilidades académicas. En efecto, un interés constante por las migraciones de los estudiantes africanos hacia otras regiones del mundo se ha desarrollado desde el acceso a la soberanía internacional de la mayoría de los Estados de dicho continente. Estos trabajos han destacado el compromiso de los grupos representantes de una élite educada en la elaboración de políticas de emancipación económica, cultural y social con sus países de origen (Ndiaye, 1962; Dieng, 2011).

Dia Hamidou et Ngwe Luc (2018) « Les circulations des enseignants et chercheurs africains: Controverses, pratiques et politiques », Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 12 (4), p. 539. DOI : 10.3917/rac.041.0539. http://www.cairn.info/revue-anthropologie-des-connaissances-2018-4-page-539.htm.

Résumé : linkThis article is available in English on Cairn International 1Ce dossier s’attache à combler un vide dans le champ des études sur les mobilités académiques. En effet, un intérêt constant pour les migrations des étudiants africains vers d’autres régions du monde s’est développé depuis l’accès à la souveraineté internationale de la plupart des États du continent. Ces travaux ont mis en relief l’engagement de cette population qui représente une élite éduquée dans l’élaboration de politiques d’émancipation économique, culturelle et sociale des pays dont elle est originaire (Ndiaye, 1962 ; Dieng, 2011).

Dia Hamidou et Ngwe Luc (2018) « The movement of african teachers and researchers: Controversies, practices and policies », Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 12,4 (4), p. a. DOI : 10.3917/rac.041.0540. http://www.cairn.info/revue-anthropologie-des-connaissances-2018-4-page-a.htm.

Résumé : This report aims to fill a gap in studies undertaken on academic mobility. Indeed, continued interest in the migration of African students to other regions of the world has evolved since most of the states on the continent gained international sovereignty. This work has highlighted the commitment of an educated élite towards the elaboration of economic, cultural and social emancipation policies in their countries of origin (Ndiaye, 1962; Dieng, 2011). This research has also made it possible to show the dynamics of change within this distinct sector of youth who are always in search of further education overseas, notably by highlighting: the development of sociological, demographic and economic characteristics of the profiles of which it is composed; its contrasting trajectories; the plural investments that are revealed both in the home countries and those of study; the difficulties some may face in promoting their diplomas, qualifications or skills; and the relationships of inequality that are experienced in the spheres where their studies are pursued, often university institutions in major European cities (Niane, 1992; Guimont, 1997; Renaudat, 1998; Amougou, 1998).

Domingos Simonella (2018) « "Hate radio" in Rwanda or How media/propaganda can impact individual’s behavior and determin participation in violence ». DOI : 10.13140/rg.2.2.33761.76643. http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.2.33761.76643.

Résumé : La présentation examine, à travers le génocide rwandais, le lien entre la propagande et le recours à la violence. La propagande semble avoir fonctionné en tant que mécanisme de coordination et était l'une des causes du génocide. Les résultats montrent également que la capacité d'accéder à des informations indépendantes peut atténuer les effets de la propagande. The presentation examines, through Rwandan genocide, the link between propaganda and the use of violence. Propaganda appears to have functioned as a coordination device and was part of the causal factors in the genocide. Results also show evidence that the ability to access independent information can mitigate the propaganda's effects.

Ducarme Guillaume, Pizzoferrato Anne Cecile, de Tayrac Renaud, Schantz Clémence, Thubert Thibault, Le Ray Camille, Riethmuller Didier, Verspyck Eric, Gachon Bertrand, Pierre Fabrice, Artzner F., Jacquetin Bernard et Fritel X. (2018) « Prévention et protection périnéale en obstétrique : Recommandations pour la Pratique Clinique du CNGOF (texte court) », Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie, 46 (12) (décembre), p. 893-899. DOI : 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.10.032. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2468718918302873.

Résumé : Introduction L’objectif de ces RPC était d’analyser l’ensemble des interventions possibles au cours de la grossesse et de l’accouchement permettant de prévenir les lésions obstétricales du sphincter anal (LOSA) et les symptômes périnéaux postnataux. Matériel et méthodes Ces recommandations ont été élaborées selon la méthode décrite dans le guide méthodologique de la HAS. Résultats En cas d’antécédent de maladie de Crohn, de LOSA, de mutilation sexuelle, ou de lésion péri-anale, un examen clinique prénatal du périnée est recommandé (Accord Professionnel). Juste après l’accouchement, il est recommandé d’examiner le périnée à la recherche d’une LOSA (Grade B) ; en cas de doute diagnostique, il est recommandé de demander un second avis (Grade C). En cas de LOSA, Il est recommandé de décrire de manière détaillée les lésions (avec leur degré) ainsi que leur réparation (Grade C). Le massage périnéal pendant la grossesse doit être encouragé chez les femmes souhaitant le pratiquer (Grade B). Aucune intervention avant le dégagement de la présentation n’a clairement démontré son efficacité pour réduire le risque de lésions périnéales. Il est recommandé de contrôler manuellement le dégagement de la présentation céphalique et de soutenir le périnée postérieur afin de diminuer le risque de LOSA (Grade C). Au cours d’un accouchement normal, la pratique d’une épisiotomie n’est pas recommandée pour réduire le risque de LOSA (Grade A). En cas d’accouchement instrumental, une épisiotomie peut être indiquée pour éviter une LOSA (Grade C). Lorsqu’une épisiotomie est réalisée, il est recommandé de choisir une incision médiolatérale (Grade B). Il est recommandé d’expliquer l’indication et de recueillir l’accord de la femme avant de pratiquer une épisiotomie. Il n’est pas recommandé de proposer une césarienne programmée en prévention primaire de lésions ou de dysfonctions périnéales (Grade B). Au cours de la grossesse et à nouveau en salle de travail, il est recommandé de s’intéresser aux attentes et d’informer les femmes sur les modalités de l’accouchement.

Dumoulin Kervran David, Kleiche-Dray Mina et Quet Mathieu (2018) « Going South. How STS could think science in and with the South? », Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 1 (1), p. 280-305. DOI : 10.1080/25729861.2018.1550186.

Résumé : Social studies of science (STS, science studies) have played an important role in the renewal of social sciences in the course of their institutionalization. However, especially in France, where the authors are working, they have paid only limited attention to the research on science done in the South. The diverse perspectives developed from/on the South would, if taken into account, broaden the discussion of knowledge, its places and circulation. In particular, we think that postcolonial approaches provide relevant tools for this reflection and that they give the means for a more mature globalization of STS - relying on a better integration of the Global South to the science studies landscape. Our proposal is developed as such: 1) understanding why science studies have shown little interest in the South until recently, 2) analysing the processes which have enabled the move of STS to the South, 3) mapping the challenges of the "creolization" of STS that mixes post-colonial approaches with science studies approaches.

Dussault Gilles, Codjia Laurence, Zurn Pascal et Ridde Valery (2018) « Investir dans les ressources humaines pour la santé en Afrique francophone : les apports du projet Muskoka », Santé Publique, 30 (S), p. 11-17. DOI : 10.3917/spub.180.0009. http://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2018-HS-page-9.htm.

Résumé : This introduction presents thearticles included in this special issue on "investing in human resources for health in French-speaking Africa". It starts by placing the human resources issue in the context of the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. It then presents the Muskoka Project, launched by the French Government and implemented in collaboration with the World Health Organization and UNICEF, which supported studies on the quality of education of health workers and recruitment and retention issues in nine French-speaking African countries. The articles of this special issue are briefly presented together with the main lessons to be learned that can be useful for the design and implementation of interventions on the various topics concerned.

Eboko Fred et Awondo Patrick (2018) « L’État stationnaire, entre chaos et renaissance », Politique africaine, 150 (2), p. 5-27. DOI : 10.3917/polaf.150.0005. http://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-africaine-2018-2-page-5.htm.

Résumé : Le présent dossier vise à aborder la question des dynamiques politiques camerounaises par le biais des lignes de fond et de fractures qui traversent ce pays depuis plusieurs décennies. La concordance entre les élections présidentielles d’octobre 2018 et la sortie de ce numéro commande de distinguer la situation structurelle et un moment d’historicité qui peut devenir ou pas un événement autour de cette échéance électorale. Ceci constitue une autre manière de convoquer la question de l’historicité dans la lignée de Bergson et Deleuze dont Jean-François Bayart s’est servi pour revenir sur cette distinction et nous permet d’insister sur la situation que ce dossier aborde et sur la question de l’événement qui en est une des illustrations, sans toutefois qu’il en soit le cœur

Eder Marcus, Cortes Fanny, Teixeira de Siqueira Filha Noêmia, Araújo de França Giovanny Vinícius, Degroote Stéphanie, Braga Cynthia, Ridde Valéry et Turchi Martelli Celina Maria (2018) « Scoping review on vector-borne diseases in urban areas: transmission dynamics, vectorial capacity and co-infection », Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7 (90) (décembre), p. 1-24. DOI : 10.1186/s40249-018-0475-7. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-018-0475-7.

Résumé : Background: Transmission dynamics, vectorial capacity, and co-infections have substantial impacts on vector-borne diseases (VBDs) affecting urban and suburban populations. Reviewing key factors can provide insight into priority research areas and offer suggestions for potential interventions. Main body: Through a scoping review, we identify knowledge gaps on transmission dynamics, vectorial capacity, and co-infections regarding VBDs in urban areas. Peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 2000 and 2016 was searched. We screened abstracts and full texts to select studies. Using an extraction grid, we retrieved general data, results, lessons learned and recommendations, future research avenues, and practice implications. We classified studies by VBD and country/continent and identified relevant knowledge gaps. Of 773 articles selected for full-text screening, 50 were included in the review: 23 based on research in the Americas, 15 in Asia, 10 in Africa, and one each in Europe and Australia. The largest body of evidence concerning VBD epidemiology in urban areas concerned dengue and malaria. Other arboviruses covered included chikungunya and West Nile virus, other parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, and bacterial rickettsiosis and plague. Most articles retrieved in our review combined transmission dynamics and vectorial capacity; only two combined transmission dynamics and co-infection. The review identified significant knowledge gaps on the role of asymptomatic individuals, the effects of co-infection and other host factors, and the impacts of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on VBD transmission in urban areas. Limitations included the trade-off from narrowing the search strategy (missing out on classical modelling studies), a lack of studies on co-infections, most studies being only descriptive, and few offering concrete public health recommendations. More research is needed on transmission risk in homes and workplaces, given increasingly dynamic and mobile populations. The lack of studies on co-infection hampers monitoring of infections transmitted by the same vector. Conclusions: Strengthening VBD surveillance and control, particularly in asymptomatic cases and mobile populations, as well as using early warning tools to predict increasing transmission, were key strategies identified for public health policy and practice.

Farges Géraldine, Guidi Pierre et Métais Julie (2018) « Introduction. Saisir les transformations des conditions enseignantes dans leur diversité et leur complexité », Cahiers de la recherche sur l'éducation et les savoirs, 17, p. 7-20. http://journals.openedition.org/cres/3295.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Fourn Léo (2018) « De la révolution au travail humanitaire. Reconversions de militants syriens exilés au Liban », Revue internationale de politique comparée, 25 (1-2), p. 63-81. DOI : 10.3917/ripc.251.0063. https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-politique-comparee-2018-1-2-page-63.htm.

Résumé : Cet article examine les modulations, continuités et discontinuités du militantisme dans un contexte de guerre et d’exil. Le cas étudié est celui du passage d’un engagement contestataire au travail humanitaire, à partir de l’analyse de parcours de militants syriens réfugiés au Liban. Après avoir quitté la Syrie où ils ont participé au soulèvement contre le régime, une partie de ces militants se sont engagés au Liban dans l’action humanitaire auprès des réfugiés les plus démunis. Il s’agit de questionner la façon dont le contexte d’exil infléchit les parcours militants en question, en analysant l’émergence d’une nouvelle offre d’engagement. Ce passage au travail humanitaire se caractérise alors par un processus de professionnalisation de l’engagement. Une approche compréhensive nous invite à considérer la manière dont ces acteurs donnent du sens à la modulation de leur engagement, comme continuité de la défense d’une « cause syrienne », désormais caractérisée par une mise en retrait de la dimension contestataire au profit d’un discours humanitaire.

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Fourn Léo (2018) « L’installation des réfugiés syriens en Europe face au recul de l’hospitalité », Migrations Société, 174 (4), p. 17-31. DOI : 10.3917/migra.174.0017. https://www.cairn.info/revue-migrations-societe-2018-4-page-17.htm.

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Fourn Léo (2018) « Loin de la Syrie, loin de la Révolution: L’expérience de l’absence par les activistes syriens exilés en France », Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 144 (novembre 30), p. 211-228. DOI : 10.4000/remmm.12253. http://journals.openedition.org/remmm/12253.

Résumé : L’absence est inhérente à l’exil. Les activistes syriens ayant fui la répression et la guerre partagent avec l’ensemble des exilés l’expérience de l’absence. Cet article se propose de considérer l’absence à travers un prisme particulier, celui de l’engagement militant. La distance géographique est alors accentuée par l’éloignement de la cause en faveur de la « révolution syrienne ». Désormais installés en France, ces activistes font l’expérience de multiples souffrances liées à l’exil. Ils tentent de l’atténuer en maintenant un lien, depuis leur pays d’exil, avec la lutte en cours. Cependant, l’évolution du conflit et la prolongation de l’exil les amènent dans une certaine mesure à se résigner à l’absence et à prendre de la distance avec leur engagement. Il s’agit ainsi plus généralement de penser les relations entre exil et engagement.

Fourn Léo (2018) « Soutenir la révolution à distance : mobilisations de deux générations d’exilés syriens en France », Migrations Société, 174 (4), p. 59-73. DOI : 10.3917/migra.174.0059. https://www.cairn.info/revue-migrations-societe-2018-4-page-59.htm.

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Fournet Florence, Jourdain Frédéric, Bonnet Emmanuel, Degroote Stéphanie et Ridde Valéry (2018) « Effective surveillance systems for vector-borne diseases in urban settings and translation of the data into action: a scoping review », Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7 (99) (décembre), p. 1-18. DOI : 10.1186/s40249-018-0473-9. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-018-0473-9.

Frasca Timothy, Fauré Yves-A. et Atlani-Duault Laetitia (2018) « Decentralisation of Brazil’s HIV/AIDS programme: intended and unintended consequences », Global Public Health, 13 (12) (décembre 2), p. 1725-1736. DOI : 10.1080/17441692.2018.1455888. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17441692.2018.1455888.

Résumé : Brazil's response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic was characterised by an innovative alliance of governmental and non-governmental actors inspired by a strong progressive tradition in public health. Brazil eventually moved to decentralise HIV/AIDS programmes to its states and cities, a policy endorsed and supported financially by the World Bank as consistent with the mix of public and private elements central to the country's HIV/AIDS strategy. However, decentralisation has not provided the results anticipated. Through interviews with key informants, government officials and patient advocates as well as observation of treatment sites, we outline how the shift of administration and resources to state and municipal bodies operated in practice. The Bank promoted decentralisation as an uncontroversial technical matter, and its programmatic guidelines implied that the nonprofit sector would be strengthened by it. However, instead of bringing HIV/AIDS policy closer to the grassroots, decentralisation has undermined the country's early work and opened the door to a rejuvenated epidemic by empowering unsympathetic local elites, marginalising the human rights focus, and removing federal oversight. Its experience holds crucial lessons for developing countries facing similar conditions. Affiliation IRD : UMR 215 (Prodig) ; UMR 196 (CEPED)

Gautier Lara et Ridde Valéry (2018) « Did the learning agenda of the World Bank-administrated Health Results Innovation Trust Fund shape politicised evidence on performance-based financing? A documentary analysis », Sociedade e Cultura, 21 (2) (décembre 17), p. 27-53. DOI : 10.5216/sec.v21i2.56310. https://www.revistas.ufg.br/fchf/article/view/56310.

Résumé : The World Bank, co-funded by Norway and the United Kingdom, created and managed an innovative financing mechanism, the Health Results Innovation Trust Fund (HRITF), to support performance-based financing (PBF) reforms in low- and middle-income countries. From its inception in late 2007, until the closing of fundraising in 2017, it has carried out a wide range of activities related to experimenting PBF. In conjunction with the World Bank, which positioned itself as a “learning organisation”, donors have pushed the HRITF towards developing a specific learning agenda for documenting the policy impact of PBF. This learning agenda has been primarily based on impact evaluations of PBF pilot programmes. As a new body took over the HRITF’s portfolio (Global Financial Facility), a documentary analysis of this learning agenda is timely. Building from public policy concepts that have been applied to social and health policy, and knowledge translation literature, we examine the learning agenda implemented by the HRITF over these 10 years. Our data includes documentation and publications (N=35) on HRITF and from the HRITF online platform. Results indicate that on several fronts, the HRITF shaped some form of politicised knowledge, notably in the ways country pilot grants were designed and evaluated. Some of its learning activities also provided opportunities for a transformative use of knowledge for World Bank staff as well as national implementers and policymakers. We also provide reflections about the HRITF’s preferred approaches to produce knowledgeand learn.

Gautier Lara, Tosun Jale, De Allegri Manuela et Ridde Valéry (2018) « How do diffusion entrepreneurs spread policies? Insights from performance-based financing in Sub-Saharan Africa », World Development, 110 (octobre), p. 160-175. DOI : 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.032. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X18301803.

Göle N., Lintz Y., Larzillière Pénélope et Wieviorka M. (2018) « L'islam dans sa dimension culturelle et artistique : un enjeu politique à saisir [table ronde] », Socio - La nouvelle revue des sciences sociales, 11, p. 165. DOI : 10.4000/socio.3603. https://hal.science/hal-04102305.

Résumé : Les engagements de femmes musulmanes sont multiples, diversifiés dans leurs objets et dans leurs formes. Certaines font du religieux une référence essentielle, d'autres s'en éloignent. Au coeur des débats sur l'islam ou le genre, elles ont en commun, cependant, d'être confrontées à des représentations voire des assignations identitaires paradoxales. Leur place et les modalités de leur présence dans l'espace public ne cessent d'être discutées, les images ne cessent de circuler. Pourtant, cette apparente visibilité s'appuie souvent sur des représentations uniformisées et masque une disparition : les pratiques militantes réelles, dans leur variété, les mises en sens et les raisons d'agir, les difficultés rencontrées et les stratégies de contournement restent peu ou mal connues. Ce numéro de Socio vise à faire réémerger la pluralité des formes d'engagements de femmes musulmanes et à en comprendre de l'intérieur les ressorts. Il interroge ainsi le rapport à l'engagement en contexte d'intersectionnalité, lorsqu'interagissent et se cumulent différenciations et dominations en termes de genre, de classe, d'appartenances identitaires ou religieuses. Plus largement, il revient sur le rapport au religieux dans les formes très contemporaines d'engagements, et les enjeux spécifiques liés à son inscription dans des sociétés sécularisées et globalisées.

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Gosselin Anne (2018) « Le titre de séjour pour raison médicale, un obstacle à l’accès au titre de séjour pérenne : résultats de l’enquête ANRS Parcours », Santé Publique, 30 (2) (août 7), p. 197-201. DOI : 10.3917/spub.182.0197. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2018-2-p-197.htm.

Résumé : Objectifs : En France, les acteurs associatifs dénoncent depuis longtemps les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes étrangères détentrices d’un titre de séjour pour raison médicale dans l’accès à des titres de séjour pérennes (carte de 10 ans ou nationalité française). L’objectif de cette étude est de vérifier si une discrimination existe envers les personnes étrangères détentrices de ce titre, toutes choses égales par ailleurs.Méthodes : Nous utilisons les données de l’enquête quantitative rétrospective ANRS Parcours qui a été menée en 2012-2013 auprès de 1 705 immigrés subsahariens atteints de VIH/sida ou d’Hépatite B en Île-de-France. Cette enquête biographique a permis de reconstituer l’historique des titres de séjour. Au moyen de modèles logistiques à temps discret, nous modélisons les facteurs associés à l’obtention d’un titre de séjour pérenne et l’effet du titre de séjour pour soins sur cette probabilité. Des variables de contrôle permettent de prendre en compte le niveau d’étude, le motif de la venue en France, la période d’arrivée, la durée de séjour.Résultats : Le titre de séjour pour soins a un effet délétère sur l’accès à un titre de séjour pérenne (ORa compris entre 0,15 et 0,27 selon le groupe, p < 0,01). Par ailleurs, il y a un allongement du temps nécessaire pour obtenir un titre de séjour pérenne depuis 2005 comparé à avant 1996 pour l’ensemble des personnes étrangères participant à l’enquête.Conclusions : Nos résultats suggèrent une discrimination envers les personnes détentrices d’un titre de séjour pour raison médicale dans l’accès à un titre de séjour pérenne. Ainsi, c’est l’accès au droit à la santé des personnes étrangères qui est remis en question., Objectives: Various associations in France have denounced for a long time the difficulties encountered by foreigners with a residence permit for medical reasons to access permanent residence status (10-year resident’s card or French nationality). The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a real discrimination towards foreigners with a residence permit for medical reasons, with all other things being equal.Methods: This study was based on data from the retrospective quantitative ANRS Parcours survey, conducted in 2012-2013 among 1,705 Sub-Saharan immigrants with HIV/AIDS or Hepatitis B in Ile-de-France. This life-event survey reconstructed the immigrant’s permit history. Discrete time logistic models were then used to model the factors associated with obtaining a permanent residence permit and the impact of a residence permit for medical reasons on this probability. Control variables were used to take into account the level of education, the reason for arrival in France, the period of arrival, the duration of stay.Results: A residence permit for medical reasons has a negative impact on access to permanent residence status (aOr between 0.15 and 0.27 across subgroups, P < 0.01). Additionally, the time required to obtain permanent residence status has increased since 2005 compared to before 1996 for all foreigners participating in the survey.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest discrimination towards people with a residence permit for medical reasons in terms of access to permanent residence status, thereby placing their access to health care at stake.

Mots-clés : discrimination sociale, émigrants & immigrants, France, titre de séjour pour soins.

Gosselin Anne, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et Lelièvre Eva (2018) « How to use sequence analysis for life course epidemiology? An example on HIV-positive Sub-Saharan migrants in France », Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 7 (6) (février 2), p. 507-512. DOI : 10.1136/jech-2017-209739. http://jech.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/jech-2017-209739.

Résumé : Background Life course epidemiology is now an established field in social epidemiology; in sociodemography, the quantitative analysis of biographies recently experienced significant trend from event history analysis to sequence analysis. The purpose of this article is to introduce and adapt this methodology to a social epidemiology question, taking the example of the impact of HIV diagnosis on Sub-Saharan migrants’ residential trajectories in the Paris region. Methods The sample consists of 640 migrants born in Sub-Saharan Africa receiving HIV care. They were interviewed in healthcare facilities in the Paris region within the PARCOURS project, conducted from 2012 to 2013, using life event history calendars, which recorded year by year their health, family and residential histories. We introduce a two-step methodological approach consisting of (1) sequence analysis by optimal matching to build a typology of migrants’ residential pathways before and after diagnosis, and (2) a Cox model of the probability to experience changes in the residential situation. Results The seven-clusters typology shows that for a majority, the HIV diagnosis did not entail changes in residential situation. However 30% of the migrants experienced a change in their residential situation at time of diagnosis. The Cox model analysis reveals that this residential change was in fact moving in with one’s partner (HR 2.99, P<0.000) rather than network rejection. Conclusion This original combination of sequence analysis and Cox models is a powerful process that could be applied to other themes and constitutes a new approach in the life course epidemiology toolbox.

Gosselin Anne, Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Lelièvre Eva, Lert France, Dray-Spira Rosemary, Lydié Nathalie et the Parcours Study Group (2018) « Understanding Settlement Pathways of African Immigrants in France Through a Capability Approach: Do Pre-migratory Characteristics Matter? », European Journal of Population, 34 (5) (janvier 22), p. 849-871. DOI : 10.1007/s10680-017-9463-z. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10680-017-9463-z.

Résumé : With the increase in asylum-related immigration since 2015, understanding how immigrants settle in a new country is at the centre of social and political debate in European countries. The objective of this study is to determine whether the necessary time to settle for Sub-Saharan Africa immigrants in France depends more on pre-migratory characteristics or on the structural features of the host society. Taking a capability approach, we define settlement as the acquisition of three basic resources: a personal dwelling, a legal permit of a least 1year and paid work. We use data from the PARCOURS survey, a life-event history survey conducted from 2012 to 2013 that collected 513 life histories of Sub-Saharan African immigrants living in France. Situations regarding housing, legal status and activity were documented year by year since the arrival of the respondent. We use a Kaplan-Meier analysis and chronograms to describe the time needed for settlement, first for each resource (personal dwelling, legal permit and paid work) and then for the combined indicator of settlement. Discrete-time logistic regressions are used to model the determinants of this settlement process. Overall, women and men require 6 and 7years (medians), respectively, to acquire basic resources in France. This represents a strikingly long period of time in which immigrants lack basic security. The settlement process varies according to gender, but very few sociodemographic factors influence settlement dynamics. Therefore, the length of the settlement process may be due to structural features of the host society.

Gosselin Anne, Taeron Corinne, Mbiribindi Romain, Derche Nicolas et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2018) « Empowering Sub-Saharan immigrants in sexual health in Paris greater area: results from the Makasi Project », European Journal of Public Health, 28 (suppl_1) (mai 1), p. 27. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/cky047.026. https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/doi/10.1093/eurpub/cky047.026/4973070.

Goyet Sophie, Sauvegrain Priscille, Schantz Clémence et Morin Christine (2018) « State of midwifery research in France », Midwifery, 64 (septembre), p. 101-109. DOI : 10.1016/j.midw.2018.06.021. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026661381830192X.

Résumé : Objective: We describe French midwives' experience and perception of research and publication as well as their publications in scientific and professional journals. Design: We conducted an online cross sectional survey of midwives from June to November 2016; complemented by a bibliometric analysis of their publications in any language. Setting: This study was conducted in France, where it is necessary to question some midwifery and obstetrical practices. Participants: 146 midwives working/residing in France or holding/studying in France for a PhD or a Masters' degree at the time of the study; or having already published articles in any scientific or professional journal. Findings: Of the 146 eligible midwives, 91.8% were female; 15 (10.3%) had a PhD degree, 26 (17.8%) and 80 (54.8%) were preparing a PhD and a Master's degree, respectively. A total of 140 midwives (95.8%) were working in midwifery and 54 (37.0%) respondents reported having already participated in midwifery research programs. Publication experience was reported by 73 midwives, including 26 (17.8%) who have published at least one article on midwifery in a journal accessible online and peerreviewed. 97.2% of midwives with publication experience consider it useful to publish but 75.7% consider that it is a difficult process. Lack of time, not mastering scientific writing and English language are their main barriers to publication. We identified 218 articles published by these midwives before January 2016, including 180 (82.6%) on maternal and perinatal health. Of their 134 unique articles on midwifery accessible online, 77 (57.5%) dealt with bio-medical topics, 49 (36.6%) with health system issues, and 17 (12.7%) used human and social sciences approaches. Pregnancy and birth were the two most studied reproductive life phases. Eighty-nine (28.4%) of these 314 articles were about midwifery practices or interventions. Since 1990, 93 articles have been published on midwifery in peer-reviewed journals, including 32 in the French language. The number of publications increased significantly with time with a progression coefficient at +1.18% per year, in particular in scientific journals (+0.78% per year). Key conclusions and implication: We evidenced that even though midwives in France have a still limited experience of research, and few of them have completed a PhD degree, or receive a salary for doing research, they publish an increasing number of scientific articles on midwifery topics. However, very few research programs in France examine aspects of midwifery. This scarcity is a major barrier to the involvement of midwives in research. Scientific publications about midwifery in French language are limited mainly due to the lack of adequate and specialized journal in French. However, publishing in French would facilitate the access to knowledge and evidence of midwifery practitioners in Frenchspeaking countries, including French-speaking Africa, where maternal mortality ratios can be very high. We suggest and discuss a number of approaches to increase access to scientific knowledge on midwifery in France and French-speaking countries.

Guichard Anne, Hébert Catherine, Nour Kareen, Lafontaine Ginette, Tardieu Émilie et Ridde Valery (2018) « Adaptation et conditions d’utilisation d’un outil d’analyse des interventions au regard des inégalités sociales de santé », Santé Publique, S2 (HS2), p. 121. DOI : 10.3917/spub.184.0121. http://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2018-HS2-page-121.htm.

Guichard Anne, Tardieu Émilie, Nour Kareen, Lafontaine Ginette et Ridde Valéry (2018) « Adapting a health equity tool to meet professional needs (Québec, Canada) », Health Promotion International (août 9). DOI : 10.1093/heapro/day047. https://academic.oup.com/heapro/advance-article/doi/10.1093/heapro/day047/5068642.

Résumé : Summary. While numerous tools are available to better incorporate equity into population health actions, they are limited mainly by their lack of adaptation to

Guidi Pierre (2018) « "For Good, God, and the Empire", French Franciscan Sisters in Ethiopia 1896-1937 », History of Education, 47 (3), p. 384-398. DOI : 10.1080/0046760x.2018.1427284.

Résumé : In 1897, four French Franciscan sisters arrived in Ethiopia, having been summoned there by the Capuchin missionaries. In 1925, they ran an orphanage, a dispensary, a leper colony and 10 schools with 350 girl students. The students were freed slaves, orphans, and upper-class Ethiopian and European girls. After providing a brief background to the relations between the Ethiopian government and the missionaries, this article describes the general activities of the Sisters, the importance they dedicated to education, and their religious and political motives. In the second part, it analyses the sociological backgrounds of the female students and the way in which education intersected with gender, class, and race. Third, it reconstructs the multiple power relations within which the Sisters’ educational work was embedded. Finally, it demonstrates how schooling girls in a class-based manner – in conformity with the Franciscan Sisters’ perceptions about what lower-class and upper-class women should be – enabled them to secure relations with Ethiopian political elites. These relations benefited both the Ethiopian elites and furthered the cause of French imperialism.

Guillaume Agnès et Rossier Clémentine (2018) « Abortion around the world. An overview of legislation, measures, trends, and consequences », trad. par, Paul Reeves, Population (English version), 73 (2), p. 217-306. DOI : 10.3917/popu.1802.0225. http://www.cairn.info/revue-population-2018-2-page-225.htm.

Résumé : Abortion is a fertility regulation practice that women use in the absence of contraception or when contraceptives fail. Laws regulating this practice in different countries range from allowing it on request to restrictive access and even total prohibition. Where the right to abortion is established, it is frequently challenged. Debates around legalization are centred on the rights of women, the rights of the embryo, and the health consequences of unsafe abortions. But whether abortion is legal or prohibited, women around the world resort to it, with great disparities in the intensity of the practice and its health and social consequences. Levels of safety of abortions varies widely between countries and regions (safe, less safe, and least safe). They have improved with the spread of medical abortion, particularly in countries with legal limits on access, where they replace riskier methods. The available data are highly heterogeneous: from healthcare statistics in countries where abortion is legal, to survey data of varying levels of completeness, and including the use of sophisticated methods to estimate levels in countries where legal access is restricted.

Mots-clés : Avortement, Droits des femmes, Législation, Mesures, Méthodes d'avortement, Santé des femmes.

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