Références bibliographiques

Boly Dramane et Lange Marie-France (2022) « Le rôle de la privatisation de l’éducation dans l’accroissement des inégalités scolaires en milieu urbain au Burkina Faso », L’éducation en débats : analyse comparée, 12 (2) (décembre 21), p. 5-29. DOI : 10.51186/journals/ed.2022.12-2.e1050. https://oap.unige.ch/journals/ed/article/view/1050.

Résumé : Au Burkina Faso, comme dans d’autres pays d’Afrique francophone, le processus de privatisation de l’éducation concerne tout particulièrement les villes. Après avoir décrit les caractéristiques de l’offre privée dans l’enseignement primaire et post-primaire et secondaire et montré que le processus de privatisation est particulièrement important en milieu urbain, nous étudions les raisons et les modalités de ce développement. L’accroissement des inégalités scolaires en milieu urbain, en particulier dans la capitale Ouagadougou, est ensuite abordé à partir des inégalités scolaires résidentielles engendrées par une offre publique et privée inégalement répartie selon les différents quartiers de Ouagadougou. Enfin, nous montrons que la privatisation de l’éducation engendre une offre scolaire inégalitaire, peu performante et coûteuse

Bonnet Emmanuel, Beaugé Y., Ba M. F., Sidibé S., De Allegri M. et Ridde Valery (2022) « Knowledge of COVID-19 and the impact on indigents’ access to healthcare in Burkina Faso », International Journal for Equity in Health, 21 (1) (octobre 27), p. 150. DOI : 10.1186/s12939-022-01778-2. https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-022-01778-2.

Résumé : Abstract Background COVID-19 constitutes a global health emergency of unprecedented proportions. Preventive measures, however, have run up against certain difficulties in low and middle-income countries. This is the case in socially and geographically marginalized communities, which are excluded from information about preventive measures. This study contains a dual objective, i) to assess knowledge of COVID-19 and the preventive measures associated with it concerning indigents in the villages of Diebougou’s district in Burkina Faso. The aim is to understand if determinants of this understanding exist, and ii) to describe how their pathways to healthcare changed from 2019 to 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study was conducted in the Diebougou healthcare district, in the south-west region of Burkina Faso. We relied on a cross-sectional design and used data from the fourth round of a panel survey conducted among a sample of ultra-poor people that had been monitored since 2015. Data were collected in August 2020 and included a total of 259 ultra-poor people. A multivariate logistic regression to determine the factors associated with the respondents' knowledge of COVID-19 was used. Results Half of indigents in the district said they had heard about COVID-19. Only 29% knew what the symptoms of the disease were. The majority claimed that they protected themselves from the virus by using preventive measures. This level of knowledge of the disease can be observed with no differences between the villages. Half of the indigents who expressed themselves agreed with government measures except for the closure of markets. An increase of over 11% can be seen in indigents without the opportunity for getting healthcare compared with before the pandemic. Conclusions This research indicates that COVID-19 is partially known and that prevention measures are not universally understood. The study contributes to reducing the fragmentation of knowledge, in particular on vulnerable and marginalized populations. Results should be useful for future interventions for the control of epidemics that aim to leave no one behind.

Boulay Sébastien (2022) « Claire Cécile Mitatre, Au nord du Sud. Espace, valeurs et passion au Sahara atlantique », L'Homme, 242 (août 25), p. 189-192. DOI : 10.4000/lhomme.42977. https://journals.openedition.org/lhomme/42977.

Boulay Sébastien (2022) « BRACHET Julien & SCHEELE Judith, The Value of Disorder. Autonomy, Prosperity, and Plunder in the Chadian Sahara: Cambridge University Press, 2019 », Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 152 (décembre 30). DOI : 10.4000/remmm.18284. http://journals.openedition.org/remmm/18284.

Boulay Sébastien (2022) « Rétention ou transmission de savoir-faire dans l’Ouest saharien (Mauritanie, Sahara Occidental) ? Entre urgence patrimoniale, émancipation sociale et souveraineté nationale », Ethnologie française, 52 (1) (février 22), p. 51-66. DOI : 10.3917/ethn.221.0051. https://www.cairn.info/revue-ethnologie-francaise-2022-1-page-51.htm?ref=doi.

Résumé : En partant de deux initiatives originales de sauvegarde entreprises par des poètes et en partenariat avec des institutions publiques, le texte examine les enjeux mémoriels, sociaux et politiques autour de la détention et de la transmission de savoir-faire dans l’Ouest saharien (Mauritanie et Sahara Occidental), dans un contexte de fortes compétitions régionales entre États-nations et de mutation des modes de vie.

Bousmah Marwân-Al-Qays, Diakhaté Pathé, Toulao Grâce À Dieu, Le Hesran Jean-Yves et Lalou Richard (2022) « Effects of a free health insurance programme for the poor on health service utilisation and financial protection in Senegal », BMJ Global Health, 7 (Suppl 9) (décembre), p. e009977. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009977.

Résumé : INTRODUCTION: Implemented in 2013 in Senegal, the Programme National de Bourses de Sécurité Familiale (PNBSF) is a national cash transfer programme for poor households. Besides reducing household poverty and encouraging children's school attendance, an objective of the PNBSF is to expand health coverage by guaranteeing free enrolment in community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes. In this paper, we provide the first assessment of the PNBSF free health insurance programme on health service utilisation and health-related financial protection. METHODS: We collected household-level and individual-level cross-sectional data on health insurance in 2019-2020 within the Niakhar Population Observatory in rural Senegal. We conducted a series of descriptive analyses to fully describe the application of the PNBSF programme in terms of health coverage. We then used multivariate logistic and Poisson regression models within an inverse probability weighting framework to estimate the effect of being registered in a CBHI through the PNBSF-as compared with having no health insurance or having voluntarily enrolled in a CBHI scheme-on a series of outcomes. RESULTS: With the exception of health facility deliveries, which were favoured by free health insurance, the PNBSF did not reduce the unmet need for healthcare or the health-related financial risk. It did not increase individuals' health service utilisation in case of health problems, did not increase the number of antenatal care visits and did not protect households against the risk of forgoing medical care and of catastrophic health expenditure. CONCLUSION: We found limited effects of the PNBSF free health insurance on health service utilisation and health-related financial protection, although these failures were not necessarily due to the provision of free health insurance per se. Our results point to both implementation failures and limited programme outcomes. Greater commitment from the state is needed, particularly through strategies to reduce barriers to accessing covered healthcare.

Mots-clés : health economics, health insurance, health policy, health services research, maternal health.

PubMed entry

Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays, Gosselin Anne, Coulibaly Karna, Ravalihasy Andrainolo et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2022) « Health empowerment and access to health coverage among immigrants in France: the Makasi intervention », European Journal of Public Health, 32 (Supplement_3) (octobre 1), p. ckac129.457. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.457. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.457.

Résumé : The Makasi community-based research project offered an innovative health-related empowerment intervention to immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in precarious situations in the greater Paris area, to reduce their social vulnerability and their exposure to HIV. Our objective is to evaluate the impact of the intervention on access to health coverage in this population.Participants were recruited based on precariousness criteria in public places in Ile-de-France (squares, railway stations, markets, etc.) by mobile teams of social workers and health mediators. Following a stepped-wedge design, participants were randomised into two groups receiving the intervention sequentially (immediately in one group and 3 months later in the other). We evaluated the impact of the Makasi intervention on access to health coverage among 821 individuals observed at 0, 3, and 6 months, between 2018 and 2021. We implemented random-effects panel models - allowing for unobserved heterogeneity - using a Heckman selection approach to correct for attrition. Finally, we used seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) to examine the extent to which the effect of the intervention was mediated by health-related empowerment.Participants - 77% of which were men - had been living in France for 4 years on average. 44% of them had no health coverage at the time of inclusion. Our results provided evidence for a significant impact of the Makasi intervention on participants’ access to health coverage, with an 18 percentage-point increase in the probability of accessing health coverage 6 months after having received the intervention (p < 0.01). The mediation analysis revealed that this effect operated partly through an empowerment process in terms of knowledge of social and health resources.We showed that a health empowerment intervention provided by social workers and health mediators largely favours access to health rights for immigrants in precarious situations.• A health empowerment intervention improved access to health coverage among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in precarious situations in France.• Improvement in access to health coverage was found to be partly mediated by reinforcement of participants’ health literacy in terms of social and health resources.

Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays, Iwuji Collins, Okesola Nonhlanhla, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Pillay Deenan, Dabis François, Larmarange Joseph et Boyer Sylvie (2022) « Costs and economies of scale in repeated home-based HIV counselling and testing: Evidence from the ANRS 12249 treatment as prevention trial in South Africa », Social Science & Medicine, 305 (juillet 1), p. 115068. DOI : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115068. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953622003744.

Résumé : Universal HIV testing is now recommended in generalised HIV epidemic settings. Although home-based HIV counselling and testing (HB-HCT) has been shown to be effective in achieving high levels of HIV status awareness, little is still known about the cost implications of universal and repeated HB-HCT. We estimated the costs of repeated HB-HCT and the scale economies that can be obtained when increasing the population coverage of the intervention. We used primary data from the ANRS 12249 Treatment as Prevention (TasP) trial in rural South Africa (2012–2016), whose testing component included six-monthly repeated HB-HCT. We relied on the dynamic system generalised method of moments (GMM) approach to produce unbiased short- and long-run estimates of economies of scale, using the number of contacts made by HIV counsellors for HB-HCT as the scale variable. We also estimated the mediating effect of the contact quality – measured as the proportion of HIV tests performed among all contacts eligible for an HIV test – on scale economies. The mean cost (standard deviation) of universal and repeated HB-HCT was $24.2 (13.7) per contact, $1694.3 (1527.8) per new HIV diagnosis, and $269.2 (279.0) per appropriate referral to HIV care. The GMM estimations revealed the presence of economies of scale, with a 1% increase in the number of contacts for HB-HCT leading to a 0.27% decrease in the mean cost. Our results also suggested a significant long-run relationship between mean cost and scale, with a 1% increase in the scale leading to a 0.36% decrease in mean cost in the long run. Overall, we showed that significant cost savings can be made from increasing population coverage. Nevertheless, there is a risk that this gain is made at the expense of quality: the higher the quality of HB-HCT activities, the lower the economies of scale.

Mots-clés : AIDS/HIV, Clinical trials, Cost of care, Economies of scale, Interventions, Prevention, South Africa.

Bousmah et al. - 2022 - Costs and economies of scale in repeated home-base.pdf 1.2 Mio (source)

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Cambon Linda, Castel Patrick, Couteron Jean-Pierre, El Ghozi Laurent, Gerbaud Laurent, Girard Vincent, Habold Daniel, Kepenekian George, Ménard Didier, Nouguez Étienne, Ridde Valéry et Satilmis Laetitia (2022) « Passer d’une politique de santé publique à une santé publique politique : proposition du groupe miroir pour un virage paradigmatique », Santé Publique, 34 (1), p. 5-8. DOI : 10.3917/spub.221.0005. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2022-1-page-5.htm.

Résumé : En 2021, le Professeur Franck Chauvin a remis à Olivier Véran un rapport [1] destiné à redessiner la santé publique. Dans le cadre de cette mission, un groupe appelé « miroir » [2] a été constitué afin d’apporter une expertise pluridisciplinaire au Collège de la mission. Ce groupe a listé un certain nombre d’enjeux et de préconisations pour y répondre. Ces dernières convergeaient vers la nécessité de penser différemment l’action en santé publique en se focalisant, non pas sur les individus et leur manière d’agir et de penser la santé, mais sur les causes structurelles de sa construction, de son amélioration ou de sa dégradation. Certaines ont été retenues, d’autres non ou partiellement. Ce texte propose de partager, en complément de ce rapport, ce qui semblait, du point de vue du groupe miroir, comme fondamental à une santé publique moderne, efficace et équitable.

Carillon S., Chabrol Fanny, Couderc Marie et Girard G. (2022) « L'art de captiver, de transmettre et de fédérer », Anthropologie et Santé, No hs 24 bis, p. [9 p. en ligne]. DOI : 10.4000/anthropologiesante.11349. https://hal.science/hal-03862273.

Cavallaro Francesca L, Kabore Charles P, Pearson Rachel, Blackburn Ruth M, Sobhy Soha, Betran Ana Pilar, Ronsmans Carine et Dumont Alexandre (2022) « Does hospital variation in intrapartum-related perinatal mortality among caesarean births reflect differences in quality of care? Cross-sectional study in 21 hospitals in Burkina Faso », BMJ Open, 12 (10) (octobre 1), p. e055241. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055241. http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/10/e055241.abstract.

Résumé : Objectives To examine hospital variation in crude and risk-adjusted rates of intrapartum-related perinatal mortality among caesarean births.Design Secondary analysis of data from the DECIDE (DECIsion for caesarean DElivery) cluster randomised trial postintervention phase.Setting 21 district and regional hospitals in Burkina Faso.Participants All 5134 women giving birth by caesarean section in a 6-month period in 2016.Primary outcome measure Intrapartum-related perinatal mortality (fresh stillbirth or neonatal death within 24 hours of birth).Results Almost 1 in 10 of 5134 women giving birth by caesarean experienced an intrapartum-related perinatal death. Crude mortality rates varied substantially from 21 to 189 per 1000 between hospitals. Variation was markedly reduced after adjusting for case mix differences (the median OR decreased from 1.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.5) to 1.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.7)). However, higher and more variable adjusted mortality persisted among hospitals performing fewer caesareans per month. Additionally, adjusting for caesarean care components did not further reduce variation (median OR=1.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.8)).Conclusions There is a high burden of intrapartum-related perinatal deaths among caesarean births in Burkina Faso and sub-Saharan Africa more widely. Variation in adjusted mortality rates indicates likely differences in quality of caesarean care between hospitals, particularly lower volume hospitals. Improving access to and quality of emergency obstetric and newborn care is an important priority for improving survival of babies at birth.Trial registration number ISRCTN48510263.Data are available upon reasonable request. Reasonable requests may be directed to CK (kaborewendyam@yahoo.fr).

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Chamas Claudia, Barbeitas Mady Malheiros, Correa Marilena, Kameda Koichi, de Oliveira Ana Claudia Dias et Villarinho Luiz (2022) « Innovation in diagnostics: addressing gaps in low- and middle-income countries », Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 100 (8) (août 1), p. 467-467A. DOI : 10.2471/BLT.22.288313. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306385/.

PubMed Central Link

Chaudat Philippe (2022) « Cachez ce buveur que je ne saurais voir ! : Entre visibilité et invisibilité, la spatialisation du monde des bars à Meknès (Maroc) », Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 151 (septembre 12), p. 199-216. DOI : 10.4000/remmm.18048. http://journals.openedition.org/remmm/18048.

Résumé : Au Maroc, l’alcool est interdit aux musulmans, et pourtant les bars et certains restaurants proposent cette marchandise à des consommateurs qui sont des musulmans. Pour pouvoir vendre de l’alcool, ces commerces organisent, selon des modalités qui leur sont propres, leur espace et leurs pratiques pour les rendre invisibles, tandis que les clients, de leur côté, masquent leurs usages de cette marchandise. L’espace des bars et des restaurants servant de l’alcool se distingue alors des autres espaces commerciaux tout en étant comparable aux espaces d’habitation. Il ne relève ni du privé, ni du public, mais constitue une des multiples sphères d’échanges présentes autour de l’alcool, qui réunies forment alors un « monde » à part, coexistant avec d’autres mondes. Mots-clés : Alcool, espace, Maroc, espace privé, espace public, intime, sphères d’échanges, mondes Keywords: Alcohol, spatialization, Morocco, private space, public space, intimate, spheres of exchange, worlds

Chaudat Philippe (2022) « Hide this drinker that I cannot see! Between visibility and invisibility, the spatialization of the world of Bars in Meknes (Morocco) », Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 151 (septembre 12), p. 199. DOI : 10.4000/remmm.18048. https://hal.science/hal-04150541.

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Chaudat Philippe et Leservoisier Olivier (2022) « De l’apprentissage du terrain au terrain comme apprentissage. L’expérience d’une pédagogie inversée », Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales, 39-40 (avril 1), p. 31-50. DOI : 10.14428/emulations.039-40.02. https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/emulations/article/view/chaudat.

Résumé : Partant d’une expérience de plusieurs années d’encadrement de stages de terrain en ethnologie, cet article propose une réflexion sur les enjeux et les modalités de l’apprentissage de l’enquête ethnographique, tant du point de vue des enseignants que de celui des étudiants. Il s’interroge à la fois sur les recompositions que cet apprentissage a pu connaître au fil des ans et sur les transformations que celui-ci engendre dans les pratiques pédagogiques. L’examen des conditions d’enseignement de l’enquête de terrain conduit ainsi à analyser les effets d’une pédagogie inversée, tout en rendant compte de la portée heuristique du dialogue entre des dispositifs pédagogiques (enseignement et stage) complémentaires et essentiels dans la formation à la recherche par la recherche.

Chavez Henry, Albornoz María Belén et Martín Fernando (2022) « ‘Big data’ Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Scopus Database, 2009–2019 », Journal of Scientometric Research, 11 (1), p. 64-78. DOI : 10.5530/jscires.11.1.7. https://www.jscires.org/article/485.

Résumé : Scopus-database publications containing the keyword ‘big data’ have skyrocketed from 30 (2009) to almost 16,000 (2019). This trend reveals this field’s importance across disciplines and contexts. Previous works have analysed the emergence and characteristics of scientific research on ‘big data’ but need updating. We undertook a bibliometric analysis of over 73,000 such 2009–2019 publications. This data helped to identify the primary trends, subjects, networks and institutions publishing on big data worldwide and explain the relations and differences between scientific communities working on this subject in central and peripheral countries. Furthermore, this research highlights Chinese researchers’ and institutions’ prominence in this field alongside the influence of American contributions, which are most frequently cited. The emergence of dynamic poles of scientific production in middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and South America are also studied. Despite the dynamism of the field, about 2% of the articles account for 40% of the field’s citations, while 42% have no citations. Originating in computer science and engineering, big data research is increasingly becoming interdisciplinary. Keyword trends over time also show a shift from technical and prospective concerns towards (1) methodological and practical issues and (2) the development of AI and machine learning techniques. These indicators present differences between countries with varying geo-economic conditions. Collaboration networks have rapidly grown with the US and China as the main nodes and European countries as intermediaries in the circulation of this topic. Although still rare, there are some signs of South-South collaboration between Latin America, Africa and Asia.

Mots-clés : Bibliometrics, Big data, Global South, Knowledge Circulation, Scientific networks.

Chotard Lisa, Ridde Valéry et Chabrol Fanny (2022) « « Un sac blanc qu’on bouge » : le corps mort et les soignants à l’épreuve de la pandémie de COVID-19 », Frontières, 33 (2). DOI : 10.7202/1095220ar. https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/fr/2022-v33-n2-fr07587/1095220ar/.

Résumé : À l’hôpital et en chambre mortuaire, la réalité corporelle des patients n’a jamais été aussi palpable et problématique qu’en période de pandémie. Approcher la gestion de crise par le prisme des corps est devenu autant une entrée empirique qu’un outil analytique. Impératifs de conservation, risques de contamination, accumulation des corps sont autant d’enjeux qui ont suscité un désordre multidimensionnel (logistique, psychosocial et ontologique) chez le personnel soignant et les familles. Notre enquête de quatre mois en chambre mortuaire d’un hôpital de référence parisien (de février à mai 2021) nous a permis d’en rendre compte. Les restrictions sanitaires ont engendré des troubles cognitifs et sensoriels majeurs dans la prise en charge des défunts ainsi qu’une perte de sens brutale et douloureuse pour le personnel soignant et les familles qui a été relativement palliée par le recours à différentes rationalités sensoriellement et corporellement ancrées. Le « corps mort covidé », figure réifiante des défunts atteints de la COVID‑19 soumis à la brutalité des protocoles sanitaires, a dû être resymbolisé. Il apparaît alors essentiel de repositionner la pandémie dans une compréhension non pas seulement biosécuritaire, mais aussi morale, sociale et culturelle.

Mots-clés : adaptaciones, adaptations, body, cadáveres, corps, COVID-19, COVID‑19, death, désordre, disorder, mort, muerte, trastorno.

Chotard Lisa, Ridde Valéry et Chabrol Fanny (2022) « “A White Bag We Move”: The Dead Body and Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic », Frontières, 33 (2). DOI : 10.7202/1095220ar. https://hal.science/hal-04150549.

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Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2022) « Republican Universalism at the Test of French Multicultural Society: Cultural Diversity and Social Cohesion According to Young People », Populism (septembre 6), p. 1-25. DOI : 10.1163/25888072-bja10039. https://brill.com/view/journals/popu/aop/article-10.1163-25888072-bja10039/article-10.1163-25888072-bja10039.xml.

Résumé : While the trial of modernity and its legacies, the rise of anti-universalistic discourses, and the temptations of identitarian closures are common Western trends, this paper will specifically focus on the French case, as its republican assimilationist model has been very much infused with universalism and endures many tensions facing multicultural society. By focusing on the arguments mobilized by young French adults to solve the tensions between republican universalism and national particularism, as well as envisioning social cohesion, we analyze their narratives and shed light on four “spirits”: Homo Nationalis, embodying a nationalistic passion for the homeland; Homo Civicus, expressing deep commitment to the res publica and the common good; Homo Culturalis, demanding recognition of minority cultures; and Homo Pontifex (the “bridge builder”), encouraging cosmopolitanism and a love of humanity.

Cicchelli Vincenzo, Octobre Sylvie, Katz‐Gerro Tally, Yodovich Neta, Handy Femida et Ruiz Stefanie (2022) « “Because we all love K‐Pop”: How young adults reshape symbolic boundaries in Paris, Manchester, and Philadelphia », The British Journal of Sociology (novembre 9), p. 1468-4446.12983. DOI : 10.1111/1468-4446.12983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-4446.12983.

Clech Lucie, Meister Sofia, Belloiseau Maeva, Benmarhnia Tarik, Bonnet Emmanuel, Casseus Alain, Cloos Patrick, Dagenais Christian, De Allegri Manuela, du Loû Annabel Desgrées, Franceschin Lucas, Goudet Jean-Marc, Henrys Daniel, Mathon Dominique, Matin Mowtushi, Queuille Ludovic, Sarker Malabika, Turenne Charlotte Paillard et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Healthcare system resilience in Bangladesh and Haiti in times of global changes (climate-related events, migration and Covid-19): an interdisciplinary mixed method research protocol », BMC Health Services Research, 22 (1) (décembre), p. 340. DOI : 10.1186/s12913-021-07294-3. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-07294-3.

Résumé : Abstract Background Since climate change, pandemics and population mobility are challenging healthcare systems, an empirical and integrative research to studying and help improving the health systems resilience is needed. We present an interdisciplinary and mixed-methods research protocol, ClimHB, focusing on vulnerable localities in Bangladesh and Haiti, two countries highly sensitive to global changes. We develop a protocol studying the resilience of the healthcare system at multiple levels in the context of climate change and variability, population mobility and the Covid-19 pandemic, both from an institutional and community perspective. Methods The conceptual framework designed is based on a combination of Levesque’s Health Access Framework and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office’s Resilience Framework to address both outputs and the processes of resilience of healthcare systems. It uses a mixed-method sequential exploratory research design combining multi-sites and longitudinal approaches. Forty clusters spread over four sites will be studied to understand the importance of context, involving more than 40 healthcare service providers and 2000 households to be surveyed. We will collect primary data through questionnaires, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and participatory filming. We will also use secondary data on environmental events sensitive to climate change and potential health risks, healthcare providers’ functioning and organisation. Statistical analyses will include event-history analyses, development of composite indices, multilevel modelling and spatial analyses. Discussion This research will generate inter-disciplinary evidence and thus, through knowledge transfer activities, contribute to research on low and middle-income countries (LMIC) health systems and global changes and will better inform decision-makers and populations.

Coulibaly Abdourahmane, Touré Laurence, Zinszer Kate et Ridde Valéry (2022) « La résilience de l’hôpital du Mali face à la Covid-19 dans un contexte de pénuries », Santé Publique, Prépublication, p. 935-945. DOI : 10.3917/spub.pr1.0935. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2022-0-page-935.htm.

Résumé : Objectif : L’objectif de cette recherche était de rendre compte des stratégies de résilience mobilisées par l’Hôpital du Mali face à la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19).Méthode : Les données collectées ont concerné une période correspondant aux premiers mois de gestion de la pandémie à l’hôpital (avril - juillet 2020). Au total, 32 entretiens semi-directifs et 53 séances d’observation ont été réalisés. Les analyses se sont appuyées sur un cadre conceptuel et ont été menées selon l’approche déductive.Résultats : Les résultats montrent que, face aux multiples effets de la COVID-19 tels que l’aggravation de la pénurie du personnel et de la charge de travail, le besoin de créer des infrastructures dédiées, la baisse drastique des recettes liée à la baisse de fréquentation de l’hôpital, le personnel a mis en place de multiples stratégies (ex. réduction ou report de certaines dépenses, réquisition de bâtiment, recrutements de contractuels et le redéploiement du personnel fonctionnaire). La mise en place de ces stratégies a globalement permis de maintenir l’accès aux soins des patients, même si les restrictions ont été nombreuses pour les patients non COVID-19. L’hôpital a été en mesure de s’inscrire dans une résilience absorptive.Conclusion : Cette recherche qualitative a permis une meilleure compréhension des faits liés à la gestion de la COVID-19 en milieu hospitalier, et notamment de sa résilience. Les leçons tirées de la recherche devraient permettre de concevoir, à l’avenir, des réponses plus adaptées et plus efficaces pour faire face aux pandémies.

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Coulibaly Abdourahmane, Touré Laurence, Zinszer Kate et Ridde Valéry (2022) « La résilience de l’hôpital du Mali face à la COVID-19 dans un contexte de pénuries: », Santé Publique, Vol. 33 (6) (mars 11), p. 935-945. DOI : 10.3917/spub.216.0935. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2021-6-page-935.htm?ref=doi.

Résumé : Objectif : L’objectif de cette recherche était de rendre compte des stratégies de résilience mobilisées par l’Hôpital du Mali face à la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19). Méthode : Les données collectées ont concerné une période correspondant aux premiers mois de gestion de la pandémie à l’hôpital (avril - juillet 2020). Au total, 32 entretiens semi-directifs et 53 séances d’observation ont été réalisés. Les analyses se sont appuyées sur un cadre conceptuel et ont été menées selon l’approche déductive. Résultats : Les résultats montrent que, face aux multiples effets de la COVID-19 tels que l’aggravation de la pénurie du personnel et de la charge de travail, le besoin de créer des infrastructures dédiées, la baisse drastique des recettes liée à la baisse de fréquentation de l’hôpital, le personnel a mis en place de multiples stratégies (ex. réduction ou report de certaines dépenses, réquisition de bâtiment, recrutements de contractuels et le redéploiement du personnel fonctionnaire). La mise en place de ces stratégies a globalement permis de maintenir l’accès aux soins des patients, même si les restrictions ont été nombreuses pour les patients non COVID-19. L’hôpital a été en mesure de s’inscrire dans une résilience absorptive. Conclusion : Cette recherche qualitative a permis une meilleure compréhension des faits liés à la gestion de la COVID-19 en milieu hospitalier, et notamment de sa résilience. Les leçons tirées de la recherche devraient permettre de concevoir, à l’avenir, des réponses plus adaptées et plus efficaces pour faire face aux pandémies.

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Coulibaly Karna, Gosselin Anne, Carillon Séverine, Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays, Taéron Corinne, Mbiribindi Romain et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2022) « Knowledge of HIV prevention biomedical tools among African immigrants in France: the Makasi project », European Journal of Public Health, 32 (Supplement_3) (octobre 1), p. ckac130.173. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.173. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.173.

Résumé : In France, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have been available for several years. However, there is still no evidence on the level of knowledge of these HIV prevention tools among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in precarious situations, a population particularly affected by HIV. The aim of this study is to describe the knowledge of these tools in this population and analyse the factors associated with this knowledge.The data mobilized are from the Makasi interventional research that was conducted between 2018 and 2020 among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa in precarious situations in the greater Paris area. Using data collected from 601 participants, we described levels of knowledge of HIV treatment effectiveness, treatment as prevention (TasP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), by sex with a chi2 test. We investigated factors associated with their knowledge with logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions and sexual behaviors (p ≤ 0.2).The population surveyed was predominantly men (76%), from West Africa (61%) and in a precarious situation: 69% were unemployed, 74% were undocumented, 46% had no health coverage and 13% were homeless. In this population, knowledge of antiretroviral treatments for HIV prevention was heterogeneous: the effectiveness of HIV treatment was well known (84%), but only half of the respondents (46%) were aware of TasP and very few knew about PEP and PrEP: 6% and 5% respectively. Multivariable-adjusted models showed that these tools was better known by educated people, those who had a social network in France, those who have had access to the health system and those who were exposed to sexual risks.While sub-Saharan African immigrants know the effectiveness of HIV treatment and use certain prevention tools such as HIV testing, they are not aware of PEP and PrEP.PEP and PrEP are two HIV prevention tools that are not well known by sub-Saharan African immigrants.There is an urgent need to disseminate information about these prevention tools to immigrants.

Coulibaly Karna, Gosselin Anne, Carillon Séverine, Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Melchior Maria, Ridde Valéry, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et On Behalf of the MAKASI Study Group (2022) « Is empowerment in sexual health measurable? A scoping review of definitions and measurement indicators », Health Promotion International, 37 (5) (octobre 1), p. daac139. DOI : 10.1093/heapro/daac139. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac139.

Résumé : The concept of empowerment in sexual health is widely used in health promotion. This scoping review aims to identify how it is defined and measured. PubMed, Sage Journals, PsycInfo and the Web of Science are data sources. The inclusion criteria for studies were as follows: (1) an analysis of empowerment in sexual health, (2) quantitative evaluation and (3) publication in a peer-reviewed journal in French or English since January 1996. Data were extracted using a summary table of the definitions and indicators of empowerment in sexual health. Of the 2181 articles found, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Only 4 studies on 29 clearly defined empowerment in sexual health. Five dimensions emerged from the indicators used in the 29 studies in relation to sexual empowerment (social participation, participation in decision making, power to act, sexual health knowledge and gender norms), with two types of indicators: indicators unspecific to sexual health, which can be viewed as empowerment basic skills, and indicators specific to sexual health. Most studies concerned women and focused on individual empowerment, with a lack of measure of collective and structural levels of empowerment. Despite great heterogeneity in the definitions and indicators used, a set of core indicators emerged: participation in decision making, sexual negotiation power and sexual communication skills, knowledge and use of contraceptive methods, and HIV and sexually transmitted infections risk perception. This set could be systematically used in each study based on sexual empowerment concept, completed by supplementary indicators considering the specific context.Empowerment is at the heart of health promotion. The concept of empowerment in sexual health has been increasingly used in the field of health promotion, but there is a lack of a consensual definition and great heterogeneity in the indicators used to assess that concept and measure it, according to targeted populations and cultural contexts. In this scoping review on how empowerment in sexual health is defined and measured, five dimensions emerged: social participation, participation in decision making, power to act, sexual health knowledge and gender norms. Through these dimensions, two types of indicators were collected: indicators unspecific to sexual health, which can be viewed as empowerment basic skills, and indicators specific to sexual health. Despite great heterogeneity in the definitions and indicators used, a set of core indicators emerged: participation in decision making, sexual negotiation power and sexual communication skills, knowledge and use of contraceptive methods, and HIV and sexually transmitted infections risk perception. For future research, this set could be systematically used in each study based on sexual empowerment concept, and should be completed by supplementary indicators considering the specific context.

De Araujo Oliveira Sydia Rosana, Soares Sampaio Aletheia, Vasconcelos Ana Lucia, Cazarin Gisele, Zacarias Amanda, Furtado Betise, Andrade Andréa Carla, Paz de Sousa Karla Myrelle et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Mise en œuvre de la capacité de réponse à la COVID-19 dans un hôpital au Brésil: », Santé Publique, Vol. 33 (6) (mars 11), p. 971-978. DOI : 10.3917/spub.216.0971. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2021-6-page-971.htm?ref=doi.

De Beaudrap Pierre, Mouté Charles, Pasquier Estelle, Tchoumkeu Alice, Temgoua Carole Dongmo, Zerbo Aida, Mac-Seing Muriel et Beninguisse Gervais (2022) « Burden of and risk factors for sexual violence among women with and without disabilities in two sub-Saharan African countries », Global Health Action, 15 (1) (décembre 31), p. 2077904. DOI : 10.1080/16549716.2022.2077904. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16549716.2022.2077904.

Résumé : BACKGROUND Available data suggest that women with disabilities have an increased risk of sexual violence, but little is known about the situation of those women living in resource-limited settings. OBJECTIVES To assess the burden and examine the drivers of sexual violence among women with disabilities. METHODS This is a pooled analysis of two population-based surveys conducted in Cameroon and Burundi. Adults with and without disabilities were randomly recruited from the general population. Structured interviews were conducted at both sites to collect data on participants’ functional limitations, life-course history of sexual violence, education, employment, and resources. Only women with disabilities whose impairments started before the age of 10 years (n = 359) and women without disabilities (n = 720) are included in this analysis. The age-adjusted prevalence of violence was computed, and risk factors were assessed using a discrete survival regression and mediation analysis. RESULTS At both sites, the participants with disabilities had a lower education level and had an increased risk of food insecurity. The pooled age-adjusted prevalence of lifetime sexual violence was 19.8% (95%CI:15.3–24.3) among women with disabilities and 11.7% (95%CI:9.3–14.1) among those without disabilities (ORap: 2.0, 95%CI:1.4–2.8). Women with cognitive limitations and those with visual impairments had the highest risk of sexual violence (ORap: 3.5 (95%CI:2.0–6.3) and 2.7 (95%CI:1.4–5.0), respectively). Over the life course, the risk of sexual violence was especially high among women with disabilities who had lived with an intimate partner before the age of 25 years (p < 0.001). Education level mediated approximately one-third of the total association between disability and sexual violence (p = 0.001). There was no evidence of an indirect effect through food insecurity. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of the high burden of sexual violence among women with disabilities who live in urban African contexts. The social environment and access to education may be key contributors to this vulnerability.

Debe Siaka, Ilboudo Patrick G, Kabore Lassane, Zoungrana Noelie, Gansane Adama, Ridde Valéry, De Brouwere Vincent et Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati (2022) « Effects of the free healthcare policy on health services’ usage by children under 5 years in Burkina Faso: a controlled interrupted time-series analysis », BMJ Open, 12 (11), p. e058077. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058077. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058077.

Résumé : Objectives This study aimed to analyse, at national level, the effects of the free healthcare policy for children on the use of health services by children under five in Burkina Faso. We hypothesised that this policy has led to an immediate and sustained increase in the use of health services for these children in the country. Setting We conducted a controlled interrupted time series. Monthly data at district level, spanning from January 2013 to December 2018 and corresponding to 72 monthly data points (39 before and 33 after), were extracted from the Burkina Faso National Health Information System. The analysed dataset included data from all the 70 health districts of the country. Participants The study consisted of aggregated data from children under five as the target for the policy with children aged between 5 and 14 years old as control group. Intervention The intervention was the introduction of the free healthcare policy for women and children under 5 years from April 2016. Outcome The primary outcome was the monthly mean rate of health services visits by children. Results Among the children under five, the rate of visits increased of 57% (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.57; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0) in the month immediately following the launching of the free healthcare policy. An increase in the rate of health facility visits of 1% (IRR=1.01; 95% CI 1.0 to 1.1) per month was also noted during postintervention. Compared with the control group, we observed an increase in the rate of visits of 2.5% (IRR=1.025; 95% CI 1.023 to 1.026) per month. Conclusion Findings suggest that the free healthcare policy increased the use of health facilities for care in Burkina Faso immediately after the implementation of the policy with a small increase in the rate overtime. Strategies to maintain the policy effect over time are necessary.

Dérilus J., Simon D. Jean et Becquet Valentine (2022) « Le non recours à la contraception chez les femmes célibataires sexuellement actives à Haïti », Périnatalité, Lavoisier (novembre 18). DOI : 10.3166/rmp-2022-0178. https://rmp.revuesonline.com/articles/lvrmp/abs/first/lvrmp_2022_sprperinat000584/lvrmp_2022_sprperinat000584.html.

Résumé : À Haïti, bien que le gouvernement se soit engagé à améliorer les services de planification familiale, les femmes célibataires sont confrontées à des difficultés considérables en matière de droits sexuels et reproductifs. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cet article est d’estimer le taux de besoins non satisfaits en contraception (BNSC) chez les femmes célibataires sexuellement actives à Haïti, d’identifier et de hiérarchiser les facteurs associés à la non-utilisation de la contraception dans cette population. L’article utilise les données de l’Enquête Démographique et de Santé la plus récente réalisée à Haïti en 2017 et repose sur des analyses descriptives et une régression logistique binaire. Les résultats montrent que le taux de BNSC chez les femmes sexuellement actives est estimé à 52,9 %, ce qui est largement supérieur à celui des femmes en union (38,0 %). Il a été également observé que l’âge, le département de résidence, l’occupation et le niveau de vie sont les déterminants des BNSC chez les célibataires sexuellement actives. L’âge et le département de résidence sont par ailleurs les facteurs les plus contributifs à l’explication du phénomène étudié. Afin de combler les BNSC des femmes sexuellement actives, les autorités gouvernementales devraient tenir compte de ces facteurs. Il conviendrait surtout d’améliorer les ressources sociales, économiques et politiques des femmes, célibataires mais aussi en union, afin qu’elles puissent prendre leurs propres décisions reproductives et choisir de limiter ou non leurs naissances, par le moyen qu’elles préfèrent.

Desjeux Dominique et Moati Philippe (2022) « Que restera-t-il de la crise Covid dans les modes de vie et de consommation ? », p. 17. https://hal.science/hal-03897946.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Diagne Ibrahima, Petit Véronique et Koundoul Adama (2022) « Youth and Mental Health in a Context of Demographic and Health Transition in Senegal: How Youth Mental Health Intersects with Important Development Issues », Austin Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 6 (2) (novembre 4), p. id1027.

Résumé : Citation: Diagne I, Petit V and Koundoul A. Youth and Mental Health in a Context of Demographic and Health Transition in Senegal: How Youth Mental Health Intersects with Important Development Issues. Austin Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022; 6(2): 1027. Austin Child Adolesc Psychiatry - Volume 6 Issue 2 - 2022 Submit your Manuscript | www.austinpublishinggroup.com Diagne et al. © All rights are reserved Austin Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Open Access Abstract The mental health of young people is an issue of public health and sustainable development that is still underestimated in the countries of the South, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, even though demographic and health transitions make it a major challenge. The overview of mental health in developing countries highlights the absence of a specific policy, the lack of resources allocated to this health sector, and the scarcity of research, even though mental illnesses have decisive and growing morbid, social, and economic impacts. The insufficient production of data contributes to the invisibilities of this issue. Based on the literature and the experiences of the authors on mental health in Senegal, they illustrate how the psychological health of young people is interwoven into the societal context.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Diallo Alhassane, Carlos-Bolumbu Miguel, Diallo Mamadou Hassimiou, Makinson Alain et Galtier Florence (2022) « Efficacy of approved vaccines to prevent COVID-19: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of reconstructed individual patient data from randomized trials », Journal of Public Health (mars 23). DOI : 10.1007/s10389-022-01707-1. https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-03994353.

Résumé : Aim To optimize vaccination strategy, evidence on vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 is needed. Method The present network meta-analysis uses reconstructed individual patient data from phase III trials on vaccine efficacy (VE), identified through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library (CENTRAL) peer-reviewed and published in English before August 31, 2021. The primary outcome was the VE against confirmed COVID-19 at any time after the first dose as defined in each study. VE was re-estimated using the two-stage approach. Poisson regression models were applied to each trial at the first stage, and the incidence risk ratio (IRR) and their 95% CI were aggregated to allow random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) at the second stage. VE was expressed as: (1-IRR) × 100. The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020200012). Results A total of eight studies, evaluating nine different vaccines were identified and analyzed. Between April 23, 2020 and January 05, 2021, 210,418 participants were recruited in 354 sites worldwide. During a median (IQR) follow-up duration of 69.8 (69.7–70.3) days, 2131 confirmed COVID-19 cases occurred (604; 26.0 per 1000 person–years in vaccine recipients and 1527; 85.9 per 1000 person–years in the control group). The mRNA-1273 vaccine was the most effective (P-score 0.99); at any time after dose 1, incidence reduction for mRNA-1273 ranged from 78% to 98% compared to the other vaccines. Conclusion Our results provide evidence for the short-term superiority of mRNA vaccines, especially the mRNA-1273 vaccine in prevention of COVID-19 in different populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01707-1.

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Diallo Amadou Ibra, Faye Adama, Tine Jean Augustin Diègane, Ba Mouhamadou Faly, Gaye Ibrahima, Bonnet Emmanuel, Traoré Z. et Ridde Valery (2022) « Factors associated with the acceptability of government measures to address COVID-19 in Senegal », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (mars), p. S0398762022002930. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2022.03.123. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0398762022002930.

Résumé : Introduction : Three months after the first appearance of the new coronavirus (COVID 19), Senegal recorded its first case on March 2, 2020. Faced with this pandemic, the State reacted quickly with public measures : instituting a curfew, placing a ban on travel between regions, and closing shops and places of worship. This research aims to study the acceptability of these non-pharmaceutical measures by the Senegalese population. Method : This study was a cross-sectional and analytical survey conducted in June and July 2020 among Senegalese over 18 years old. Sampling by the representative quota method was distributed proportionally to age, gender and region. We constructed the questionnaire using the theoretical framework of acceptability of health interventions. Through a telephone call center synchronised to an internet server, we collected data on personal characteristics, knowledge of the disease, trust in information sources, trust in government, concern about the pandemic, and the seven dimensions of acceptability. We performed descriptive analysis and structural equation with R software version 4.0.2. Results : This study included a total of 813 individuals. The average age was 34.7 years ( ± 14.2 years). They were predominantly male (54.6 %), with no education (42.6 %). The increased level of knowledge of the disease was associated with confidence in national media information sources provided by the administrative and health authorities (β=0.11**). The increase in the level of trust in the government in response to COVID-19 was positively related to the acceptability of curfew (β=0.16***), travel ban between regions (β=0.11***), and closure of places of worship (β=0.1**) and markets (β=0.09**). Conclusion : In Senegal, the acceptability of the measures depended on knowledge of the disease, perception of the risk of the disease, and trust in the government. There is a need to strengthen awareness and risk communication of COVID-19. Keywords Social acceptabilityGovernment measuresCOVID-19Senegal

Drabo Seydou, Ouattara Fatoumata, Baxerres Carine et Guillaume Agnès (2022) « Reproductive Health Governance: Availability and Professional Use of Misoprostol in Benin and Burkina Faso », Nordic Journal of African Studies, 31 (3), p. 224-244. DOI : 10.53228/njas.v31i3.926. https://www.njas.fi/njas/article/view/926/593.

Résumé : Misoprostol is effective not only for gastroenterology indications but also for reproductive health-related conditions and for the reduction of maternal mortality. The use of misoprostol is well documented in Latin America, where it is widely used for abortions. However, scant knowledge exists regarding its use in African contexts. In this study, we describe and analyse the conditions of the professional use of misoprostol in Benin and Burkina Faso. We ask the following questions: How accepted is misoprostol in Benin and Burkina Faso? What was the process leading to the official recognition of misoprostol in both countries? Which actors were involved in this process? How do health care workers perceive and use misoprostol in the context of care? Theoretically, we use the concepts ‘social life of medicine’ and ‘reproductive governance’ to analyse the position of misoprostol within the broader system of health policy, as well as its professional usage within the health care system. The fieldwork conducted in Benin and Burkina Faso highlights the conditions of the institutional acceptability of the drug and the logics underlying the use and non-use of misoprostol by health workers in both countries. The article highlights the social life of misoprostol by showing how the governance surrounding its use contributes to the development and cultivation of suspicions towards the drug among health care providers and institutional actors – suspicions that consequently restrict the availability of misoprostol as a medical therapeutic option.

Mots-clés : ⚠️ Invalid DOI.

Dumont Alexandre, de Loenzien Myriam, Nhu Hung Mac Quo, Dugas Marylène, Kabore Charles, Lumbiganon Pisake, Torloni Maria Regina, Gialdini Celina, Carroli Guillermo, Hanson Claudia, Betrán Ana Pilar et On behalf of the QUALI-DEC consortium (2022) « Caesarean section or vaginal delivery for low-risk pregnancy? Helping women make an informed choice in low- and middle-income countries », éd. par Melissa Morgan Medvedev, PLOS Global Public Health, 2 (11) (novembre 14), p. e0001264. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001264. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001264.

Résumé : Women’s fear and uncertainty about vaginal delivery and lack of empowerment in decision-making generate decision conflict and is one of the main determinants of high caesarean section rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to develop a decision analysis tool (DAT) to help pregnant women make an informed choice about the planned mode of delivery and to evaluate its acceptability in Vietnam, Thailand, Argentina, and Burkina Faso. The DAT targets low-risk pregnant women with a healthy, singleton foetus, without any medical or obstetric disorder, no previous caesarean scarring, and eligibility for labour trials. We conducted a systematic review to determine the short- and long-term maternal and offspring risks and benefits of planned caesarean section compared to planned vaginal delivery. We carried out individual interviews and focus group discussions with key informants to capture informational needs for decision-making, and to assess the acceptability of the DAT in participating hospitals. The DAT meets 20 of the 22 Patient Decision Aid Standards for decision support. It includes low- to moderate-certainty evidence-based information on the risks and benefits of both modes of birth, and helps pregnant women clarify their personal values. It has been well accepted by women and health care providers. Adaptations have been made in each country to fit the context and to facilitate its implementation in current practice, including the development of an App. DAT is a simple method to improve communication and facilitate shared decision-making for planned modes of birth. It is expected to build trust and foster more effective, satisfactory dialogue between pregnant women and providers. It can be easily adapted and updated as new evidence emerges. We encourage further studies in LMICs to assess the impact of DAT on quality decision-making for the appropriate use of caesarean section in these settings.

Dumont Alexandre, Dugas Marylène Md et de Loenzien Myriam (2022) « Livret d'aide à la décision: césarienne ou accouchement vaginal, faire un choix éclairé » (juin 24). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03825035.

Résumé : Ce livret est un outil d’aide à la décision qui est utilisé dans un projet de recherche intitulé QUALI-DEC. Ce projet a pour objectif d’améliorer la prise de décision concernant l’accouchement.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Dumont Alexandre, Dugas Marylène Md et de Loenzien Myriam (2022) « Cesárea o parto vaginal Tomar una decisión informada » (juin 24). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03825039.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Dumont Alexandre, Dugas Marylène Md et Loenzien Myriam de (2022) « Caesarean section or Vaginal birth: Making an Informed Choice » (juin 24). https://hal.ird.fr/ird-03825031.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Eïd Julia et Desgrées du Loû Annabel (2022) « Empowerment-based support program for vulnerable populations living with diabetes, obesity or high blood pressure: a scoping review », BMC Public Health, 22 (1) (novembre 9), p. 2051. DOI : 10.1186/s12889-022-14480-3. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-14480-3.

Résumé : Abstract Background The management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure is a major global health challenge, particularly among the most disadvantaged populations. Beyond the biomedical management of these diseases, comprehensive support that takes into account the peoples’ economic and social situation is fundamental. The objective of this scoping review is to create an inventory and an analysis of the different types of support for these chronic diseases among disadvantaged, immigrant or minority populations to contribute to a better definition and characterization of what should be global support for these vulnerable populations suffering from these diseases. Methods A search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Sages Journals and Web of Science was conducted (between March and May 2021) for articles published between January 2000 and May 2021. Articles were selected after screening titles, abstracts and full texts according to our 5 inclusion criteria. Results We included 16 articles. The diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure support programs described in these articles operate to improve physical and mental health and access to care. The approaches of these interventions are focused on the training and participation of people and the implementation of support actions adapted to the person. The majority of these interventions have a real attachment to the community. Conclusions This review of the literature shows that support for people with chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity or high blood pressure is based on three pillars: empowerment, peer mediation and holistic and tailor-made support for the individual. The empowerment approach, which considers the capacities and resources of individuals and whose goal is to strengthen their ability to act on their health, appears to be entirely suited to the support of these chronic diseases. This review underlines the importance of moving away from a biomedical approach to a holistic approach truly focused on the person, their capacities and their needs.

Émilie Pigeon-Gagné, Vigu Teodora, Kadio Kadidiatou, Bonnet Emmanuel et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Explanatory models of psychotic-like experiences in rural Burkina Faso: A qualitative study among indigents and their community », SSM - Mental Health (octobre), p. 100166. DOI : 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100166. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666560322001062.

Résumé : Background In Sub-Saharan Africa, psychiatric care for severe mental disorders is scarce. This is especially true for people living in chronic poverty in rural areas. The way in which people with psychotic manifestations are socially perceived and treated remains under-researched, limiting the possibility of adapting services to their needs. Methods In May 2017, 29 semi-structured individual interviews with indigent people reporting psychotic-like experiences and 8 focus groups with members of their community were conducted in the rural region of Diébougou (Burkina Faso). Indigents were questioned on their subjective interpretation regarding these experiences. Community members were asked about their perceptions of people manifesting psychotic-like experiences. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results Three distinct conceptions of psychotic-like experiences were identified. First, these experiences were often understood as a reflection of a mental disorder involving evil supernatural entities. Second, some people were considered as possessing a faculty that conferred supernatural powers that could be used for healing purposes. Finally, psychotic-like experiences might also reflect a temporary disturbance for which no significant repercussions were raised. Conclusions This study suggests that certain manifestations qualified as psychotic according to the biomedical nosology seem to be considered differently from communities' perspectives. These experiences were frequently interpreted as being personal and not requiring medical attention or even as socially valuable faculties. Although psychotic-like experiences were not always perceived negatively, people who experienced them were reluctant to talk about them. This suggests that a form of stigmatization is associated with psychotic-like experiences. Keywords Psychotic-like experiencesIndigentsBurkina FasoExplanatory models of illnessUniversal health coverage

Faccin Mauro, Gargiulo Floriana, Atlani-Duault Laëtitia et Ward Jeremy K. (2022) « Assessing the influence of French vaccine critics during the two first years of the COVID-19 pandemic », éd. par Constantine Dovrolis, PLOS ONE, 17 (8) (août 4), p. e0271157. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0271157. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271157.

Résumé : When the threat of COVID-19 became widely acknowledged, many hoped that this pandemic would squash “the anti-vaccine movement”. However, when vaccines started arriving in rich countries at the end of 2020, it appeared that vaccine hesitancy might be an issue even in the context of this major pandemic. Does it mean that the mobilization of vaccine-critical activists on social media is one of the main causes of this reticence to vaccinate against COVID-19? In this paper, we wish to contribute to current work on vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic by looking at one of the many mechanisms which can cause reticence towards vaccines: the capacity of vaccine-critical activists to influence a wider public on social media. We analyze the evolution of debates over the COVID-19 vaccine on the French Twittosphere, during two first years of the pandemic, with a particular attention to the spreading capacity of vaccine-critical websites. We address two main questions: 1) Did vaccine-critical contents gain ground during this period? 2) Who were the main actors in the diffusion of these contents? While debates over vaccines experienced a tremendous surge during this period, the share of vaccine-critical contents in these debates remains stable except for a limited number of short periods associated with specific events. Secondly, analyzing the community structure of the re-tweets hyper-graph, we reconstruct the mesoscale structure of the information flows, identifying and characterizing the major communities of users. We analyze their role in the information ecosystem: the largest right-wing community has a typical echo-chamber behavior collecting all the vaccine-critical tweets from outside and recirculating it inside the community. The smaller left-wing community is less permeable to vaccine-critical contents but, has a large capacity to spread it once adopted.

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Fillol Amandine, Mcsween-Cadieux Esther, Ventelou Bruno, Larose Marie-Pier, Kamguem Ulrich Boris Nguemdjo, Kadio Kadidiatou, Dagenais Christian et Ridde Valery (2022) « Quand le messager est plus important que le message : étude expérimentale en Afrique francophone sur l'utilisation des connaissances », TUC : Revue Francophone de Recherche sur le Transfert et l'Utilisation des Connaissances, 6 (3). DOI : 10.18166/tuc.2022.6.3.26. https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03777820.

Résumé : Contexte : Les injustices épistémiques sont de plus en plus décriées dans le domaine de la santé mondiale. Cette étude vise à déterminer si la source des connaissances influence la perception de ces connaissances et la volonté de les utiliser. Méthodes : L’étude suit un devis expérimental randomisé dans lequel les participant·es ont été assigné·es au hasard à l'une des sept notes de politique conçues avec le même contenu scientifique, mais avec différentes organisations présentées comme autrices. Chaque organisation était représentative d'une autorité financière, scientifique ou morale. Pour chaque type d'autorité, deux organisations étaient proposées : l'une nord-américaine ou européenne, l'autre africaine. Résultats : Les résultats montrent que le type d’autorité et la localisation des organisations autrices ne sont pas significativement associés à la qualité perçue et à l’utilisation instrumentale déclarée. Toutefois, des interactions entre le type d’autorité et la localisation étaient significatives. Ainsi, les analyses stratifiées ont mis en évidence que pour la qualité perçue, les notes de politique signées par l'organisme bailleur (autorité financière) africain obtenaient de meilleurs scores que les notes de politique signées par l’organisme bailleur nord-américain/européen. Tant pour la qualité perçue que pour l'utilisation instrumentale déclarée, ces analyses stratifiées ont révélé que les notes de politique signées par l'université africaine (autorité scientifique) étaient associées à des scores plus faibles que les notes de politique signées par l'université nord-américaine/européenne. Interprétation : Les résultats confirment l'influence significative des sources sur la perception des connaissances en santé mondiale et rappellent l’intersectionnalité de l’influence des sources d’autorité. Cette analyse nous permet à la fois d'en apprendre davantage sur les organisations qui dominent la scène de la gouvernance mondiale en santé et de réfléchir aux implications pour les pratiques d'application des connaissances.

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Fillol Amandine, McSween-Cadieux Esther, Ventelou Bruno, Larose Marie-Pier, Kanguem Ulrich Boris Nguemdjo, Kadio Kadidiatou, Dagenais Christian et Ridde Valéry (2022) « When the messenger is more important than the message: an experimental study of evidence use in francophone Africa », Health Research Policy and Systems, 20 (1) (mai 26), p. 57. DOI : 10.1186/s12961-022-00854-x. https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12961-022-00854-x.

Résumé : Abstract Background Epistemic injustices are increasingly decried in global health. This study aims to investigate whether the source of knowledge influences the perception of that knowledge and the willingness to use it in francophone African health policy-making context. Methods The study followed a randomized experimental design in which participants were randomly assigned to one of seven policy briefs that were designed with the same scientific content but with different organizations presented as authors. Each organization was representative of financial, scientific or moral authority. For each type of authority, two organizations were proposed: one North American or European, and the other African. Results The initial models showed that there was no significant association between the type of authority or the location of the authoring organization and the two outcomes (perceived quality and reported instrumental use). Stratified analyses highlighted that policy briefs signed by the African donor organization (financial authority) were perceived to be of higher quality than policy briefs signed by the North American/European donor organization. For both perceived quality and reported instrumental use, these analyses found that policy briefs signed by the African university (scientific authority) were associated with lower scores than policy briefs signed by the North American/European university. Conclusions The results confirm the significant influence of sources on perceived global health knowledge and the intersectionality of sources of influence. This analysis allows us to learn more about organizations in global health leadership, and to reflect on the implications for knowledge translation practices. , Résumé Contexte Les injustices épistémiques sont de plus en plus décriées dans le domaine de la santé mondiale. Cette étude vise à déterminer si la source des connaissances influence la perception de ces connaissances et la volonté de les utiliser. Méthodes L’étude suit un devis expérimental randomisé dans lequel les participant·es ont été assigné·es au hasard à l'une des sept notes politiques conçues avec le même contenu scientifique, mais avec différentes organisations présentées comme autrices. Chaque organisation était représentative d'une autorité financière, scientifique ou morale. Pour chaque type d'autorité, deux organisations étaient proposées : l'une nord-américaine ou européenne, l'autre africaine. Résultats Les résultats montrent que le type d’autorité et la localisation des organisations autrices ne sont pas significativement associés à la qualité perçue et à l’utilisation instrumentale déclarée. Toutefois, des interactions entre le type d’autorité et la localisation étaient significatives. Ainsi, les analyses stratifiées ont mis en évidence que pour la qualité perçue, les notes de politique signées par l'organisme bailleur (autorité financière) africain obtenaient de meilleurs scores que les notes de politique signées par l’organisme bailleur nord-américain / européen. Tant pour la qualité perçue que pour l'utilisation instrumentale déclarée, ces analyses stratifiées ont révélé que les notes de politique signées par l'université africaine (autorité scientifique) étaient associées à des scores plus faibles que les notes de politique signées par l'université nord-américaine/européenne. Interprétation Les résultats confirment l'influence significative des sources sur la perception des connaissances en santé mondiale et rappellent l’intersectionnalité de l’influence des sources d’autorité. Cette analyse nous permet à la fois d'en apprendre davantage sur les organisations qui dominent la scène de la gouvernance mondiale en santé et de réfléchir aux implications pour les pratiques d'application des connaissances.

Floersheim Charlotte (2022) « Quand la relation donne une direction », Anthropologie & Santé. Revue internationale francophone d'anthropologie de la santé, 24 bis (hors-série) (mai 15). DOI : 10.4000/anthropologiesante.11029. https://journals.openedition.org/anthropologiesante/11029.

Résumé : Rencontre Femmes Plus, planning familial, Marseille Milieu des années 2010, un printemps ou un automne, je ne sais plus, je participe à l’organisation d’une des journées du collectif inter-associatif marseillais, Femmes Plus. Le temps d’un samedi, sans enfant, environ quatre fois par an, ce collectif réunit des femmes séropositives de la région. Ces journées mélangent temps de réflexion, ateliers autour de la maladie, du bien-être, de la vie avec le VIH. Elles se déroulent à Marseille dans le...

Floersheim Charlotte, Musso Sandrine, Eubanks August, Douine Maylis, Spire Bruno, Sagaon-Teyssier Luis, Parriault Marie Claire, Girard Gabriel et Mosnier Emilie (2022) « What can lead to late diagnosis of HIV in an illegal gold mining environment? A qualitative study at the French Guiana’s border with Brazil », BMJ Open, 12 (9) (septembre 1), p. e061237. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061237. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/9/e061237.

Résumé : Objective The present study aimed to understand what factors can lead to late HIV diagnosis of illegal gold miners at French Guiana’s border with Brazil. Design An exploratory qualitative study with in-depth interviews and observations was conducted between November 2019 and February 2020. Setting The study was conducted in the main medical healthcare service and two non-governmental organisation premises in the Oyapock border region, which is a supply area for illegal gold mining sites. Participants Fifteen people living with HIV diagnosed with CD4 count <350 cells 106/L were interviewed. Seven women and eight men participated; they were between 31 and 79 years old, and the median time since HIV diagnosis was 6 years. Eight had links to illegal gold mining. Findings Three key themes for late HIV diagnosis emerged: (1) the presence of economic and political structural factors which constitute risks for this illegal activity, specifically the repression of gold mining sites by French Armed Forces and the distance from healthcare facilities; (2) representations of the body and health, related to the living conditions of this population; prioritisation of health emergencies and long-term self-medication; and (3) gender roles shaping masculinity and heterosexuality contributing to a perception of not being at risk of HIV and delaying testing. Conclusion This study highlights structural, group-based and individual factors that reduce access to HIV testing and healthcare in general for a population of migrant workers in an illegal gold mining area. Faced with harsh living conditions and state repression, these workers develop a vision of health which prioritises the functionality of the body. Associated with gender roles which are partly shaped both by the mining activity and its geographical location, this vision can lead to late HIV diagnosis.

Mots-clés : Epidemiology, HIV & AIDS, Public health.

Gagnon-Dufresne Marie-Catherine, Gautier Lara, Beaujoin Camille, Lamothe Ashley Savard, Mikanagu Rachel, Cloos Patrick, Ridde Valéry et Zinszer Kate (2022) « Considering social inequalities in health in large-scale testing for COVID-19 in Montréal: a qualitative case study », BMC Public Health, 22 (1), p. 749. DOI : 10.1186/s12889-022-13163-3. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-13163-3.

Résumé : Abstract Background Evidence continues to demonstrate that certain marginalised populations are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. While many studies document the impacts of COVID-19 on social inequalities in health, none has examined how public health responses to the pandemic have unfolded to address these inequities in Canada. The purpose of our study was to assess how social inequalities in health were considered in the design and planning of large-scale COVID-19 testing programs in Montréal (Québec, Canada). Methods Part of the multicountry study HoSPiCOVID, this article reports on a qualitative case study of large-scale testing for COVID-19 in Montréal. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 stakeholders involved in planning large-scale testing or working with vulnerable populations during the pandemic. We developed interview guides and a codebook using existing literature on policy design and planning, and analysed data deductively and inductively using thematic analysis in NVivo. Results Our findings suggest that large-scale COVID-19 testing in Montréal did not initially consider social inequalities in health in its design and planning phases. Considering the sense of urgency brought by the pandemic, participants noted the challenges linked to the uptake of an intersectoral approach and of a unified vision of social inequalities in health. However, adaptations were gradually made to large-scale testing to improve its accessibility, acceptability, and availability. Actors from the community sector, among others, played an important role in supporting the health sector to address the needs of specific subgroups of the population. Conclusions These findings contribute to the reflections on the lessons learned from COVID-19, highlighting that public health programs must tackle structural barriers to accessing healthcare services during health crises. This will be necessary to ensure that pandemic preparedness and response, including large-scale testing, do not further increase social inequalities in health.

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Gautier Lara, Borgès Da Silva Roxane, Faye Adama et Ridde Valéry (2022) « Patient‐ and community‐centered approaches as the cornerstone of health services evaluation in the 21st century », The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 37 (S1), p. 4-7. DOI : 10.1002/hpm.3568. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hpm.3568.

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Gautier Lara, Nguengang Wakap Stéphanie, Verrier Florian, da Silva Miranda Érica, Négré Victoria, Hamza Jalel, Poveda Juan-Diego et Bouchon Magali (2022) « Responding to Increasing Health and Social Needs of Unprotected Unaccompanied Minors in Paris in the Context of COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Case Study », Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies (janvier 19), p. 1-20. DOI : 10.1080/15562948.2022.2027057. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15562948.2022.2027057.

Résumé : Unaccompanied minors (UMs) are children under the age of 18 who settle in a foreign country without a legal representative. In France, many UMs are left unprotected from child welfare services because assessment systems evaluate that they are not minors. In Paris, the non-governmental organization Médecins du Monde (MdM) offers unprotected UMs medical, psychological, and social care. In March 2020, the lockdown policy to contain COVID-19 constrained MdM to adapt its care provision model. This case study sought to answer the following question: how did volunteers and employees of MdM respond to the social and health needs of unprotected UMs during the spring 2020 lockdown in Paris? We analyzed a cohort of 58 UMs for eight weeks of lockdown using secondary quantitative data. We further explored the UMs’ needs and the experience of phone consultations, through 15 interviews with MdM’s program volunteers and employees. Time series showed a steady increase in UMs’ needs. The program’s adapted care provision likely contributed to reducing UMs’ feeling of isolation. It also had several negative consequences for unprotected UMs, volunteers, employees, and Médecins du Monde’s institution. This study highlights the role of non-governmental organizations in providing a particularly vulnerable migrant population – unprotected UMs – care and support, despite operational challenges in crisis times.

Mots-clés : care provision, COVID-19 pandemic, France, mixed methods study, Unaccompanied Minors.

Gosselin Anne, Malroux Inès, Desprat Diane, Devetter François-Xavier, Memmi Sarah, Pannetier Julie, Valat Emmanuel et Melchior Maria (2022) « Prévalence des risques psychosociaux au travail et santé mentale parmi les immigrés et descendants d’immigrés : résultats de l’enquête nationale Conditions de Travail-Risques psychosociaux 2016 », Bull Epidémiol Hebd, 7, p. 141-9. http://beh.santepubliquefrance.fr/beh/2022/7/2022_7_2.html.

Résumé : Objectifs – Peu d’études se sont penchées sur les risques psychosociaux parmi les immigrés et les descendants d’immigrés et leur association avec la santé mentale. Notre étude a pour objectif : 1) de décrire la prévalence de deux indicateurs qui recouvrent les dimensions d’exigence psychologique, de latitude décisionnelle et d’isolement au travail : le job strain (tension au travail : faible latitude/forte demande) et l’iso-strain (combinaison d’une situation de job strain et d’un faible soutien social) selon le statut migratoire et modéliser la probabilité d’être exposé ; 2) vérifier que les associations entre le job strain, l’iso-strain et l’anxiété sont similaires pour tous les groupes (immigrés, descendants d’immigrés). Méthodes – Nous avons utilisé l’enquête nationale transversale Conditions de Travail-Risques Psychosociaux 2016 (N=24 640). L’anxiété a été mesurée par le score GAD-Mini, outil diagnostique pour repérer le trouble anxieux généralisé. Les prévalences du job strain et de l’iso-strain ont été décrites selon le statut migratoire et le sexe. Des régressions de Poisson ont été utilisées pour modéliser la probabilité d’être exposé au job strain et à l’iso-strain. La prévalence de l’anxiété a été ensuite décrite selon le statut migratoire et le sexe. Dans chaque groupe de population, nous modélisons la probabilité de l’anxiété en fonction des caractéristiques sociodémographiques, des antécédents de santé mentale et de l’expérience du job strain ou de l’iso-strain. Résultats – Les prévalences de risques psychosociaux varient fortement selon le statut migratoire, avec des immigrés plus exposés que la population majoritaire (ni immigrée, ni descendante d’immigrés). Après ajustement, être un immigré d’Afrique reste associé au job strain (ratio incidence risque ajusté : IRRa=1,21 ; IC95%: [0,99-1,47]), et être un descendant d’immigré d’Afrique à l’iso-strain (IRRa=1,33 [1,05-1,69]). La prévalence de l’anxiété était particulièrement haute parmi les descendants d’immigrés d’Afrique (12%). Dans cette population, le job strain et l’iso-strain étaient associés à l’anxiété (IRRa job strain=2,70 [1,22-6,01] ; IRRa iso-strain=4,26 [2,29-7,92]). Conclusion – Dans la lignée des travaux internationaux, notre étude montre que les immigrés et descendants d’immigrés sont particulièrement exposés au job strain et à l’iso-strain, ce qui pourrait contribuer à détériorer leur santé mentale.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Gosselin Anne, Warszawski Josiane, Bajos Nathalie et for the EpiCov Study Group (2022) « Higher risk, higher protection. COVID-19 risk among immigrants in France: results from the population-based EpiCov survey », European Journal of Public Health (avril 27), p. ckac046. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckac046. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac046.

Résumé : Immigrants and ethnic/racialized minorities have been identified as being at higher risk of COVID-19 infection, but few studies report on their exposures and prevention behaviours. This study aims to examine the social distribution of COVID-19 exposure (overcrowding, working outside the home, use of public transport to go to work) and prevention behaviours (use of face masks, washing hands, respect for physical distance) in France during the first wave of the epidemic.We used the EpiCov population-based survey from a random sample of individuals aged 15 years or more. We determined the distribution of the self-reported outcomes according to migratory status and sex, using chi2 tests. We modelled the probability of outcomes with logistic regression. Finally, we focused the analysis on the Greater Paris area and accounted for neighbourhood characteristics.A total of 111,824 participants were included in the study. Overall, immigrant groups from non-European countries were more exposed to COVID-19-related factors and more respectful of prevention measures. The probability of overcrowding and the use of public transport was higher for immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa (aOR=3.71 [3.19;4.32], aOR=6.36 [4.86; 8.32]) than for the majority population. Immigrant groups were less likely to have a non-systematic use of face masks and to breach physical distancing than the majority population (for immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, aOR=0.32 [0.28; 0.37] and aOR=0.71 [0.61; 0.81], respectively). Living in a neighbourhood with a higher share of immigrants was associated with higher exposure and better prevention behaviours.In France, immigrants had a higher exposure to COVID-19-related factors and more systematic prevention behaviours.

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