Références bibliographiques

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2021) « Le renforcement de l’autoritarisme à travers les changements de Constitutions » présenté à L’Égypte dix ans après : confrontation et hybridation des modèles (ERC Tarica), janvier 25, Paris.

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2021) « L’autonomisation économique des femmes dans la région Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord: L’impact des cadres juridiques algérien, égyptien, jordanien, libyen, marocain et tunisien », Cahiers d'études africaines, LXI (242) (juin 15), p. 447-452. DOI : 10.4000/etudesafricaines.34479. http://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/34479.

Résumé : Malgré les progrès accomplis ces dernières années dans la protection juridique des droits des femmes, l’écart entre les sexes dans la participation à la vie économique persiste dans la région Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord. Un rapport de l’OCDE s’interroge sur l’incidence négative des cadres juridiques et de facteurs sociétaux et culturels sur l’autonomie des femmes et leur capacité à s’impliquer dans des activités économiques.

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2021) « Religious references in the constitutions of the Arab World », in Constitutional Review in the Middle East and North Africa, Nahoststudien. Middle Eastern Studies, 4: p. 273-289. ISBN : 978-3-8487-7151-6. https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/9783748912019-271/religious-references-in-the-constitutions-of-the-arab-world-islamization-of-the-constitution-or-constitutionalization-of-religion.

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2021) « La garde et l’intérêt de l’enfant devant les tribunaux égyptiens », in Les parentalités en Afrique musulmane. Repenser la famille à partir de l’intérêt de l’enfant et des transformations sociales, éd. par Yazid Ben Hounet et Catherine Therrien, Rabat : Centre Jacques-Berque, p. 59-75. (Description du Maghreb). ISBN : 979-10-92046-42-7. https://books.openedition.org/cjb/1787.

Résumé : En 2008, la loi égyptienne sur l’enfant a été amendée pour exiger que l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant (maslaha al-tifl al-fadla) prévale « dans toutes les décisions et mesures relatives à l’enfance, quelle que soit la partie qui en est à l’origine ou qui les applique ». Cet amendement, destiné à mettre en œuvre la Convention des Nations unies sur les droits de l’enfant1 ratifiée par l’Égypte en 1990, a été salué comme une avancée fondamentale vers la protection des droits de l’enfant.

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie et N’Diaye Marième (2021) « Les femmes au cœur des processus de réformes juridiques dans les Afriques musulmanes », Cahiers d'études africaines, LXI (242) (juin 15), p. 265-285. DOI : 10.4000/etudesafricaines.34129. http://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/34129.

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Biau Sandrine, Bonnet Emmanuel, Dagenais Christian, De Allegri Manuela, Traoré Zoumana, Ouedraogo Abdoul Wahabo, Sow Abdramane, Dubois-Nguyen Karina et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Using Information and Communication Technologies to Engage Citizens in Health System Governance in Burkina Faso: Protocol for Action Research », JMIR Research Protocols, 10 (11) (novembre 16), p. e28780. DOI : 10.2196/28780. https://www.researchprotocols.org/2021/11/e28780.

Résumé : Background Health systems are complex systems involving a vast range of actors. In West Africa, they are often not accessible or responsive. Burkina Faso has widely expressed, in its public health policy, the need to improve both access to quality care and health system responsiveness. There is also a strong wish to give more voice to citizens. To support Burkinabè institutions in achieving these goals, we have developed an action research (AR) protocol. Objective This paper presents the protocol that will address citizens’ participation in health policies and their empowerment through the expression of opinions, for accountability, as well as the strengthening of the health system using information and communication technologies (ICTs). Methods Our approach will consist of (1) enabling people to express their opinions on the health system by means of a toll-free (TF) service coupled with an interactive voice server (IVS); (2) building an information base with anonymous and reliable data; and (3) conducting information awareness-raising activities, including knowledge transfer (KT) and advocacy, social integration activities, development of OpenData platforms, and the capitalization and media coverage of governance issues. For this purpose, the AR project will be implemented in Burkina Faso. The design uses a concurrent mixed-methods approach. This AR project will evaluate the acceptability, process, effectiveness, and economic costs of the device’s implementation. We will also analyze the potential for the data collected by the device to be used to improve practices. Results Data collection is in progress; the TF number was officially launched on July 1, 2020, and data collection is planned to continue throughout 2021. By using mixed methods, our AR will be approached from a variety of perspectives. Mixed methods will support us in combining the partial insights into sophisticated realities from qualitative inquiries with the data analyses produced by quantitative research. Conclusions This AR is expected to add knowledge on how to increase the empowerment of the population, especially the most vulnerable, to participate in democratic processes and enjoy and exercise their human rights. This protocol recommends implementing a low-cost, contextually adapted technology, associated with an evidence-based approach and carried out on a significant scale. The originality of this approach lies in the fact that it introduces a real AR dimension with local communities and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), combined with an integrated strategy of KT and application throughout the project for all stakeholders. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/28780

Biau Sandrine, Bonnet Emmanuel, Dagenais Christian, De Allegri Manuela, Traoré Zoumana, Ouédraogo Abdoul, Sow Abdramane, Dubois-Nguyen Karina et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Technologies’ contribution to the engagement of citizens in strengthening health system governance in Burkina Faso: an action research protocol (Preprint) », JMIR Research Protocols (mars 15). DOI : 10.2196/28780. http://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/28780/accepted.

Blas Hervias Iván et Mick Carola (2021) « Reescribiendo la periferia desde los centros urbanos Sociolingüística urbana de autores suramericanos contemporáneos en Paris » (communication orale), présenté à Conférence de CALACS, Université de Toronto.

Bonnet Emmanuel, Bodson O., Le Marcis F., Faye A., Sambieni N. E., Fournet F., Boyer F., Coulibaly A., Kadio K., Diongue F. B. et Ridde Valery (2021) « The COVID-19 pandemic in francophone West Africa: from the first cases to responses in seven countries », BMC Public Health, 21 (1) (décembre), p. 1490. DOI : 10.1186/s12889-021-11529-7. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-11529-7.

Résumé : Abstract Background In early March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic hit West Africa. In response, countries in the region quickly set up crisis management committees and implemented drastic measures to stem the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The objective of this article is to analyse the epidemiological evolution of COVID-19 in seven Francophone West African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Senegal) as well as the public health measures decided upon during the first 7 months of the pandemic. Methods Our method is based on quantitative and qualitative data from the pooling of information from a COVID-19 data platform and collected by a network of interdisciplinary collaborators present in the seven countries. Descriptive and spatial analyses of quantitative epidemiological data, as well as content analyses of qualitative data on public measures and management committees were performed. Results Attack rates (October 2020) for COVID-19 have ranged from 20 per 100,000 inhabitants (Benin) to more than 94 per 100,000 inhabitants (Senegal). All these countries reacted quickly to the crisis, in some cases before the first reported infection, and implemented public measures in a relatively homogeneous manner. None of the countries implemented country-wide lockdowns, but some implemented partial or local containment measures. At the end of June 2020, countries began to lift certain restrictive measures, sometimes under pressure from the general population or from certain economic sectors. Conclusion Much research on COVID-19 remains to be conducted in West Africa to better understand the dynamics of the pandemic, and to further examine the state responses to ensure their appropriateness and adaptation to the national contexts.

Boulay Sébastien (2021) « Valérie Robin Azevedo, Sur les sentiers de la violence. Politiques de la mémoire et conflit armé au Pérou », L'Homme, 238 (août 19), p. 183-185. DOI : 10.4000/lhomme.40313. http://journals.openedition.org/lhomme/40313.

Boulay Sébastien, Casciarri Barbara et Lecestre-Rollier Béatrice (2021) « Introduction », in L’eau en Mauritanie et dans l’Ouest saharien: représentations, usages et gouvernance d’une ressource en partage, sous la dir.de de Sébastien Boulay, Barbara Casciarri et Béatrice Lecestre-Rollier, Paris : L'Harmattan, 13-14: p. 15-27. (L'Ouest saharien).

Boulay Sébastien, Casciarri Barbara et Lecestre-Rollier Béatrice (2021) L'eau en Mauritanie et dans l'Ouest saharien: représentations, usages et gouvernance d'une ressource en partage, Vol., 13-14, Paris : L'Harmattan, 376 p. (L'Ouest saharien). ISBN : 978-2-343-23702-2. https://www.cairn.info/revue-l-ouest-saharien-2021-1.htm.

Résumé : Quiconque a séjourné au Sahara/Sahel aura pu prendre la mesure de l'importance de l'eau dans la vie des populations du nord-ouest de l'Afrique, qu'elles évoluent en milieu urbain ou en milieu rural. L'eau structure les modes de vie, les itinéraires de nomadisme, les choix de sédentarisation, l'habitat. La Mauritanie constitue un laboratoire privilégié pour appréhender les enjeux autour de la ressource hydrique, de sa gestion et des multiples risques auxquels elle est aujourd'hui exposée. Ce double numéro, hommage à Pierre Bonte, est le fruit d'un colloque tenu à l'Université de Nouakchott en mai 2018. Si l'essentiel des contributions porte sur la Mauritanie et la Vallée du fleuve Sénégal, les lecteurs trouvent des points de comparaison avec les montagnes de l'Atlas marocain, le Sahara algérien et le Nord Soudan.

Bousmah Marwân-Al-Qays, Boyer Sylvie, Lalou Richard et Ventelou Bruno (2021) « Reassessing the demand for community-based health insurance in rural Senegal: Geographic distance and awareness », SSM - population health, 16 (décembre), p. 100974.

Résumé : Limited access to information is one of the main health insurance market imperfections in developing countries. Differential access to information may determine individuals' awareness of health insurance schemes, thereby influencing their probability of enrollment. Relying on primary data collected in 2019-2020 in rural Senegal, we estimate the uptake of community-based health insurance using a Heckman-type model to correct for awareness-based sample selection bias. Besides showing that health insurance awareness is a precondition for effective enrollment in community-based health insurance schemes, we also bring new evidence on the roles which geographic factors and individual risk preference play in health insurance uptake by rural dwellers. We show that geographic distance prevents individuals from accessing information on health insurance schemes, and discourage those who are informed from enrolling, because of the additional distance they must travel to benefit from covered healthcare services. Results also show that individual risk preference influences health insurance uptake, but only when information barriers are taken into account. Overall, our results could help decision-makers better shape the universal health coverage roadmap, as policies to improve health insurance awareness differ substantially from policies to improve the features of health insurance schemes.

Mots-clés : Awareness, Geographic distance, Health insurance, Risk preference, Selection bias, Senegal, Sub-Saharan Africa.

Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays, Nishimwe Marie Libérée, Kuaban Christopher et Boyer Sylvie (2021) « Free access to antiretroviral treatment and protection against the risk of catastrophic health expenditure in people living with HIV: evidence from Cameroon », BMC Health Services Research, 21 (1) (avril 7), p. 313. DOI : 10.1186/s12913-021-06331-5.

Résumé : To foster access to care and reduce the burden of health expenditures on people living with HIV (PLHIV), several sub-Saharan African countries, including Cameroon, have adopted a policy of removing HIV-related fees, especially for antiretroviral treatment (ART). We investigate the impact of Cameroon’s free antiretroviral treatment (ART) policy, enacted in May 2007, on catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) risk according to socioeconomic status, in PLHIV enrolled in the country’s treatment access program.

Mots-clés : Cameroon, Catastrophic health expenditure, Costs, Free antiretroviral treatment, HIV, Policy evaluation, Poverty, Treatment.

Boye Sokhna, Bouaré Seydou, Ky-Zerbo Odette, Rouveau Nicolas, Simo Fotso Arlette, d'Elbée Marc, Silhol Romain, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Vautier Anthony, Breton Guillaume, Keita Abdelaye, Bekelynck Anne, Desclaux Alice, Larmarange Joseph et Pourette Dolorès (2021) « Challenges of HIV Self-Test Distribution for Index Testing When HIV Status Disclosure Is Low: Preliminary Results of a Qualitative Study in Bamako (Mali) as Part of the ATLAS Project », Frontiers in Public Health, 9 (mai 19). DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653543. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.653543/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Public_Health&id=653543.

Résumé : The rate of HIV status disclosure to partners is low in Mali, a West African country with a national HIV prevalence of 1.2%. HIV self-testing (HIVST) could increase testing coverage among partners of people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study aims to improve our understanding of the practices, limitations and issues related to the distribution of HIV self-tests at an HIV care clinic in Bamako, Mali. An ethnographic survey was conducted in 2019. It consisted of (i) individual interviews with 8 health professionals involved in the distribution of HIV self-tests; (ii) 591 observations of medical consultations, including social service consultations, with PLHIV; (iii) 7 observations of peer educator-led PLHIV group discussions. HIVST was discussed in only 9% of the observed consultations (51/591). When HIVST was discussed, the discussion was almost always initiated by the health professional rather than PLHIV. HIVST was discussed infrequently because in most of the consultations, it was not appropriate to propose partner HIVST (e.g., when PLHIV were widowed, did not have partners, or had delegated someone to renew their prescriptions). Some PLHIV had not disclosed their HIV status to their partners. Dispensing HIV self-tests was time-consuming, and medical consultations were very short. Three main barriers to HIV self-test distribution when HIV status had not been disclosed to partners were identified: (1) almost all health professionals avoided offering HIVST to PLHIV when they thought or knew that the PLHIV had not disclosed their HIV status to partners; (2) PLHIV were reluctant to offer HIVST to their partners if they had not disclosed their HIV-positive status to them; (3) there was limited use of strategies to support the disclosure of HIV status. In conclusion, it is essential to strengthen strategies to support the disclosure of HIV+ status. It is necessary to develop a specific approach for the provision of HIV self-tests for the partners of PLHIV by rethinking the involvement of stakeholders. This approach should provide them with training tailored to the issues related to the (non)disclosure of HIV status and gender inequalities, and improving counseling for PLHIV.

Mots-clés : HIV self-testing, HIV status disclosure, Index testing, Knowledge of HIV status, Mali, Partners of PLHIV, People living with HIV, Screening -.

Breton Didier, Temporal Franck, Marie Claude-Valentin et Antoine Robin (2021) « Enjeux démographiques des départements et régions d’outre-mer: La Martinique symptomatique du vieillissement et de la dépopulation des Antilles », Regards, 59 (1) (décembre 15), p. 25-39. DOI : 10.3917/regar.059.0025. https://www.cairn.info/revue-regards-2021-1-page-25.htm?ref=doi.

Brunot Stéphanie (2021) « Uso intergeneracional del garífuna y del español en siete comunidades garífuna de Honduras », Forma y Función, 34 (2) (juillet 30). DOI : 10.15446/fyf.v34n2.88605. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/formayfuncion/article/view/88605.

Résumé : This paper presents a research study of the use of Garifuna and Spanish among and across three age-groups (children, parents and grandparents) based on spontaneous and planned observations of family interactions in seven villages on the Caribbean coast of Honduras. Using a quantitative and qualitative methodology for first-hand data processing, it was observed that, although the three age-groups switch between Spanish and Garifuna, it is the children’s group that introduces more Spanish in daily interactions. It was observed that Spanish exchanges from the children´s group doubled those from the grandparents’ group. The linguistic attitudes of the youngsters can be understood as variants of an identity function. However, there is still some balance between both languages as the speakers continue to use the non-dominant language, Garifuna, in informal contexts and in home.

Burguet Delphine et Didier Pierrine (2021) « Temporalités en crise au fil des saisons : une ethnographie participative de l’ordinaire et du domestique en temps confiné et reconfiné », Temporalités : revue de sciences sociales et humaines, 34-35 (décembre 31). DOI : 10.4000/temporalites.9623. https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03636836.

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Cambon Linda, Bergeron Henri, Castel Patrick, Ridde Valéry et Alla François (2021) « Quand la réponse mondiale à la pandémie de COVID-19 se fait sans la promotion de la santé », Global Health Promotion (mai 25), p. 175797592110151. DOI : 10.1177/17579759211015131. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17579759211015131.

Cambon Linda, Bergeron Henri, Castel Patrick, Ridde Valéry et Alla François (2021) « Cuando la respuesta mundial a la pandemia de la COVID-19 no tiene en cuenta la promoción de la salud », Global Health Promotion, 28 (2), p. 111-114. DOI : 10.1177/17579759211015130. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17579759211015130.

Cambon Linda, Bergeron Henri, Castel Patrick, Ridde Valéry et Alla François (2021) « When the worldwide response to the COVID-19 pandemic is done without health promotion », Global Health Promotion, 28 (2) (juin), p. 3-6. DOI : 10.1177/17579759211015129. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17579759211015129.

Carof Solenne, Pombet Thibaud et Schultz Emilien (2021) « Entre catégorie médicale et expérience située : quelle(s) spécificité(s) des cancers pédiatriques ? », Anthropologie et Santé, 23 (novembre 23). DOI : 10.4000/anthropologiesante.10500. http://journals.openedition.org/anthropologiesante/10500.

Chabrol Fanny (2021) « A Political Project and a Geopolitical Terrain: The New Referral Hospital Built by China in Niamey », Somatosphere. http://somatosphere.net/2021/new-referral-hospital-china-niamey.html/.

Chabrol Fanny (2021) « Consuming Tales, Powerful Tools », Somatosphere. http://somatosphere.net/forumpost/consuming-tales-powerful-tools/.

Résumé : Why is it so difficult to write about such a nice book––a book that offers an elegant and important argument about industrial capitalism and growth that is devouring the world in which we live? The…

Chabrol Fanny et Hou Renyou (2021) « La construction des hôpitaux par la Chine en Afrique. Le cas du Niger », Séminaire Présences Chinoises en Afrique et en Amérique latine février 24, EHESS (visio). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UlFFnAcHY4&t=21s.

Chao Fengqing, Gerland Patrick, Cook Alex Richard, Guilmoto Christophe Z et Alkema Leontine (2021) « Projecting sex imbalances at birth at global, regional and national levels from 2021 to 2100: scenario-based Bayesian probabilistic projections of the sex ratio at birth and missing female births based on 3.26 billion birth records », BMJ Global Health, 6 (8) (août), p. e005516. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005516. https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005516.

Résumé : Introduction Skewed levels of the sex ratio at birth (SRB) due to sex-selective abortions have been observed in several countries since the 1970s. They will lead to long-term sex imbalances in more than one-third of the world’s population with yet unknown social and economic impacts on affected countries. Understanding the potential evolution of sex imbalances at birth is therefore essential for anticipating and planning for changing sex structures across the world. Methods We produced probabilistic SRB projections from 2021 to 2100 based on different scenarios of sex ratio transition and assessed their implications in terms of missing female births at global, regional and national levels. Based on a comprehensive SRB database with 3.26 billion birth records, we project the skewed SRB and missing female births with a Bayesian hierarchical time series mixture model. The SRB projections under reference scenario S1 assumed SRB transitions only for countries with strong statistical evidence of SRB inflation, and the more extreme scenario S2 assumed a sex ratio transition for countries at risk of SRB inflation but with no or limited evidence of ongoing inflation. Results Under scenario S1, we projected 5.7 (95% uncertainty interval (1.2; 15.3)) million additional missing female births to occur by 2100. Countries affected will be those already affected in the past by imbalanced SRB, such as China and India. If all countries at risk of SRB inflation experience a sex ratio transition as in scenario S2, the projected missing female births increase to 22.1 (12.2; 39.8) million with a sizeable contribution of sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusion The scenario-based projections provide important illustrations of the potential burden of future prenatal sex discrimination and the need to monitor SRBs in countries with son preference. Policy planning will be needed in the years to come to minimise future prenatal sex discrimination and its impact on social structures.

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Chao Fengqing, Guilmoto Christophe Z. et Ombao Hernando (2021) « Sex ratio at birth in Vietnam among six subnational regions during 1980–2050, estimation and probabilistic projection using a Bayesian hierarchical time series model with 2.9 million birth records », éd. par Srinivas Goli, PLOS ONE, 16 (7) (juillet 14), p. e0253721. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0253721. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253721.

Résumé : The sex ratio at birth (SRB, i.e., the ratio of male to female births) in Vietnam has been imbalanced since the 2000s. Previous studies have revealed a rapid increase in the SRB over the past 15 years and the presence of important variations across regions. More recent studies suggested that the nation’s SRB may have plateaued during the 2010s. Given the lack of exhaustive birth registration data in Vietnam, it is necessary to estimate and project levels and trends in the regional SRBs in Vietnam based on a reproducible statistical approach. We compiled an extensive database on regional Vietnam SRBs based on all publicly available surveys and censuses and used a Bayesian hierarchical time series mixture model to estimate and project SRB in Vietnam by region from 1980 to 2050. The Bayesian model incorporates the uncertainties from the observations and year-by-year natural fluctuation. It includes a binary parameter to detect the existence of sex ratio transitions among Vietnamese regions. Furthermore, we model the SRB imbalance using a trapezoid function to capture the increase, stagnation, and decrease of the sex ratio transition by Vietnamese regions. The model results show that four out of six Vietnamese regions, namely, Northern Midlands and Mountain Areas, Northern Central and Central Coastal Areas, Red River Delta, and South East, have existing sex imbalances at birth. The rise in SRB in the Red River Delta was the fastest, as it took only 12 years and was more pronounced, with the SRB reaching the local maximum of 1.146 with a 95% credible interval (1.129, 1.163) in 2013. The model projections suggest that the current decade will record a sustained decline in sex imbalances at birth, and the SRB should be back to the national SRB baseline level of 1.06 in all regions by the mid-2030s.

Charbit Yves, ss la dir. de (2021) Population and development issues, Hoboken : ISTE Ltd / John Wiley and Sons Inc, 312 p. ISBN : 978-1-78945-051-4.

Résumé : One of the major challenges facing the world today is the interaction between demographic changes and development. Rather than the usual view that the population itself is the main problem, Population and Development Issues argues that it is just one factor among many others, such as poverty, illiteracy, poor health, unemployment, the condition of women and climate change. This book analyzes the relationships between the key demographic variables (fertility, morbidity and mortality, migration, etc.) and major development issues, notably education, employment, health, gender, social and geographical inequalities and climate concerns. Bringing together contributions from specialists across every field, it presents empirical data simply and clearly alongside theoretical reflections.

Charbit Yves (2021) Population et Questions de Développement, London : ISTE Editions Ltd. ISBN : 978-1-78949-051-0. http://public.eblib.com/choice/PublicFullRecord.aspx?p=6802356.

Résumé : Un des enjeux majeurs de la planète est l’interaction entre les évolutions démographiques et le développement, mais la population est-elle le problème majeur ou un facteur parmi d’autres et en particulier la pauvreté, l’analphabétisme, l’urbanisation anarchique, l’inégalité entre hommes et femmes ?Population et questions de développement analyse les relations entre les principales variables démographiques et des grandes questions de développement.Cet ouvrage, qui rassemble des contributions de spécialistes de chaque domaine, offre une présentation simple et claire des données empiriques associée à une réflexion théorique sur les implications pour le développement, qu’il s’agisse d’éducation, d’emploi, de santé, des inégalités ou du climat.

Charbit Yves (2021) Dynamiques démographiques et développement, London : ISTE editions, 282 p. (Encyclopédie sciences). ISBN : 978-1-78948-050-4.

Résumé : Un des enjeux majeurs de la planète est l'interaction entre les évolutions démographiques et le développement. Après avoir fait un rappel de la théorie démographique dominante, dite, transition démographique, Dynamiques démographiques et développement présente une étude complète sur le vieillissement, la fécondité, la contraception, la nuptialité, la mortalité et les migrations qui sont au coeur des mutations. Chaque question associe les données empiriques les plus récentes à une réflexion théorique sur les implications pour le développement. Ce panorama des données démographiques à la fois du monde et du niveau de développement offre aux chercheurs et aux spécialistes des données claires à travers des études de cas approfondies, consacrées à un pays, à une région ou à un sousthème scientifique particulièrement important

Chauvin Franck (2021) Dessiner la santé publique de demain, Paris, France : Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé, 158 p. https://solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/ministere/documentation-et-publications-officielles/rapports/sante/article/dessiner-la-sante-publique-de-demain.

Résumé : Retrouvez ci-dessous le rapport remis par le Pr Franck Chauvin, président du Haut conseil en santé publique. Ce rapport vise à tracer les contours et les aspects institutionnels de l’organisation de la santé publique de demain, notamment sous ses aspects de métiers, formations, recherche, expertise et intervention de terrain.

Chavez Henry et Gaybor Jacqueline (2021) « Transformations in the Ecuadorian Scientific Landscape: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Main Publications Trends and the Role of the Scientific Networks and the Public International Scholarship Program », Journal of Scientometric Research, 10 (1s) (juin), p. s115-s128. DOI : 10.5530/jscires.10.1s.27. https://www.jscires.org/article/423.

Chavez Henry (2021) « Le projet postnéolibéral du développement technoscientifique en Équateur : de l’illusion à la dystopie », in Gouvernements progressistes en Amérique Latine (1998-2008): la fin d’un « âge d’or », éd. par Thomas Posado et Franck Gaudichaud, Rennes : PUR, p. 26. ISBN : 978-2-7535-8048-0.

Duchesne Véronique (2021) « L’argilo-thérapie dans un hôpital ivoirien : collaboration thérapeutique et co-construction d’un savoir alternatif », in (Ré) Appropriations des savoirs, éd. par Marie Chosson, Marie-Albane de Suremain, et Anne Viguier, Presses de l’Inalco, p. 427-448. ISBN : 978-2-85831-386-0 978-2-85831-387-7. http://books.openedition.org/pressesinalco/43927.

Résumé : La situation de collaboration entre un médecin généraliste et un tradipraticien de santé, au sein de l’unité de médecine traditionnelle d’un hôpital ivoirien, a engendré une pratique et un savoir sur l’argilo‑thérapie, co‑construits par chacun. Cependant, étant donné leurs formations et leurs identités professionnelles différentes, des ajustements dans la pratique thérapeutique ont été nécessaires. Ce cas d’étude permet d’interroger la pertinence de la catégorie de « Médecine traditionnelle » pour qualifier des pratiques et des savoirs qui n’ont cessé de se transformer et de s’ouvrir sur l’extérieur. Cette catégorie, désormais obsolète, peut masquer des innovations thérapeutiques en cours. Enfin, le rôle de l’hôpital, en Afrique comme ailleurs, est aussi questionné : il pourrait être le lieu requis de recherches et d’expériences ouvertes à des thérapies alternatives, avec comme objectif de reconnaître la complémentarité entre les médecines, en prenant soin d’identifier les limites de chacune.

Chosson Marie, Suremain Marie-Albane de et Viguier Anne (2021) (Ré) appropriations des savoirs: acteurs, territoires, processus, enjeux, Paris : Presses de l'Inalco. (TransAire(s). ISBN : 978-2-85831-386-0.

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2021) « Débat : Quand la jeunesse interroge le vivre-ensemble », The Conversation, décembre 5. https://theconversation.com/debat-quand-la-jeunesse-interroge-le-vivre-ensemble-171447.

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2021) « La culture à l’âge global. Une analyse par la circulation des produits culturels », Réseaux, 226-227 (2-3), p. 19-43. DOI : 10.3917/res.226.0019. https://www.cairn.info/revue-reseaux-2021-2-3-page-19.htm.

Résumé : L’objectif de cet article est de fournir au lecteur un modèle théorique d’appréhension des dimensions culturelles de la globalisation, saisies à l’aune de la circulation des produits issus des industries culturelles globales. Pour ce faire, il procède tout d’abord à une mise en perspective des principaux outils analytiques, proposés dès le début des années 1990, dont certains ont joué un rôle fondamental dans le tournant global de la culture. Les travaux mobilisés mettaient en évidence trois tensions majeures dans les transformations profondes des identités culturelles qui sont loin d’avoir été dissipées : entre homogénéisation et hétérogénéisation, entre impérialisme culturel américano-occidental et résistances ethno-nationales, entre promotion locale et hybridation. Puisant dans ce corpus canonique, l’article propose un modèle à quatre vecteurs pour analyser les différentes dimensions de la globalisation de la culture : la production et la distribution des marchandises esthétiques (dans le cadre du capitalisme esthétique), la compétition politique dans l’arène globale pour l’hégémonie culturelle (par le recours au soft power), la construction et la promotion de l’authenticité et de la différence culturelles (par le biais des intermédiaires) et le réglage de la distance entre le proche, le familier et le lointain, l’exotique (par des amateurs cosmopolites socialisés à la différence culturelle à travers leurs consommations).

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Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2021) « La globalisation de la culture à l’aune de la circulation des produits culturels », Reseaux, N° 226-227 (2) (avril 26), p. 9-15. DOI : 10.3917/res.226.0009. https://www.cairn.info/revue-reseaux-2021-2-page-9.htm.

Résumé : l existe depuis une trentaine d’années un grand nombre de livres, d’articles et de numéros spéciaux de revues en langue anglaise consacrés à la globalisation de la culture, dans sa double dynamique de transformation des identités culturelles et de circulation des biens culturels, travaux rassemblés sous la bannière des global studies. En dehors d’auteurs tels que Arjun Appadurai (2001), John Urry (2005), Homi K. Bhabha (2007), Ulf Hannerz (2010), Manuel Castells (2013) ou encore Henri Jenkins (2013), de nombreux autres, à la renommée internationale tout aussi établie, ont en revanche rarement fait l’objet de traduction et leur discussion dans l’espace francophone a été très réduite. Ce constat, déjà réalisé il y a quelques années par Alain Caillé et Stéphane Dufoix (2013) sur la faiblesse des études globales en langue française à quelques exceptions près, est toujours d’actualité, malgré certaines avancées : on peut citer à titre d’exemple la création, en 2019, du Global Research Institute of Paris rattaché à l’Université de Paris. Ce numéro double de Réseaux contribue à combler cette lacune, en se focalisant principalement sur la circulation des produits culturels. Sans pouvoir prétendre à une impossible exhaustivité, ce numéro ambitionne à la fois de familiariser le lecteur francophone avec les concepts les plus saillants de ce domaine et de rassembler, pour la première fois, des travaux francophones, menés dans des champs disciplinaires divers.

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2021) Une jeunesse crispée. Le vivre ensemble face aux crises globales, Paris : L'Harmattan, 228 p. (Logiques sociales). ISBN : 978-2-343-23880-7. https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/livre-une_jeunesse_crispee_le_vivre_ensemble_face_aux_crises_globales_vincenzo_cicchelli_sylvie_octobre-9782343238807-71332.html.

Résumé : La longue suite de crises globales (économiques, migratoires, sociales, sécuritaires et politiques) que traverse la France depuis le début des années 2000 a profondément bouleversé le lien social et eu un impact sur la façon dont la jeunesse conçoit le vivre ensemble. Face au creusement des inégalités, à la perte de confi ance dans les institutions démocratiques, à la montée en puissance du communautarisme, à la crise du modèle républicain et au retour du nationalisme, cette génération est plus que jamais en quête d’un récit qui unirait les Français par-delà leurs divisions de genre, d’origines sociales et ethniques. Cet ouvrage alerte sur les crispations des jeunes et invite les adultes (décideurs, responsables politiques, éducateurs, parents) à leur proposer un récit du vivre ensemble renouvelé, avant que leurs inquiétudes ne s’expriment dans les urnes.

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2021) « Les crispations de la jeunesse contemporaine », Telos (décembre 20). https://www.telos-eu.com/fr/societe/les-crispations-de-la-jeunesse-contemporaine.html.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie, ss la dir. de (2021) Globalisation de la culture, Vol., 226-227, Paris : La découverte, 300 p. (Réseaux (revue). ISBN : 978-2-348-06945-1. https://www.editionsladecouverte.fr/globalisation_de_la_culture-9782348069451.

Résumé : Il existe depuis une trentaine d’années un grand nombre de livres, d’articles et de numéros spéciaux de revues en langue anglaise consacrés à la globalisation de la culture, dans sa double dynamique de transformation des identités culturelles et de circulation des biens culturels, travaux rassemblés sous la bannière des global studies. Ce numéro double de Réseaux contribue à combler cette lacune, en se focalisant principalement sur la circulation des produits culturels. Sans pouvoir prétendre à une impossible exhaustivité, ce numéro ambitionne à la fois de familiariser le lecteur francophone avec les concepts les plus saillants de ce domaine et de rassembler, pour la première fois, des travaux francophones, menés dans des champs disciplinaires divers. Si l’on ne peut certes pas parler d’effervescence de la recherche francophone sur le sujet, le nombre élevé de propositions reçues par le comité de rédaction (une cinquantaine) témoigne d’une vitalité que ce numéro souhaite encourager à poursuivre. Chacun à leur manière, ces articles mettent en lumière les multiples facettes de la globalisation de la culture, à partir de la circulation des produits culturels, et ouvrent de nouvelles pistes pour des questionnements tant méthodologiques qu’épistémologiques ou théoriques, sur la base d’enquêtes empiriques. Bien sûr, ce numéro n’épuise en rien un sujet dont la période actuelle nous montre l’importance, y compris avec la pandémie de la Covid-19 qui a vu la croissance exponentielle de la circulation des produits culturels sur les plateformes globales, mais il voudrait augurer d’une plus grande focalisation des sciences sociales dans l’espace francophone sur ces thématiques.

Cicchelli Vincenzo et Octobre Sylvie (2021) The Sociology of Hallyu Pop Culture: Surfing the Korean Wave, London : Palgrave MacMillan, XXVIII, 356 p. ISBN : 978-3-030-84295-6. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-84296-3.

Résumé : Combining global, media, and cultural studies, this book analyzes the success of Hallyu, or the "Korean Wave” in the West, both at a macro and micro level, as an alternative pop culture globalization. This research investigates the capitalist ecosystem (formed by producers, institutions and the state), the soft power of Hallyu, and the reception among young people, using France as a case study, and placing it within the broader framework of the 'consumption of difference.' Seen by French fans as a challenge to Western pop culture, Hallyu constitutes a material of choice for understanding the cosmopolitan apprenticeships linked to the consumption of cultural goods, and the use of these resources to build youth’s biographical trajectories. The book will be relevant to researchers, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students in sociology, cultural studies, global studies, consumption and youth studies.

Clavel Nathalie, Badr Janine, Gautier Lara, Lavoie-Tremblay Mélanie et Paquette Jesseca (2021) « Risk Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviors of General and High-Risk Adult Populations Towards COVID-19: A Systematic Scoping Review », Public Health Reviews, 42, p. 1-22. DOI : 10.3389/phrs.2021.1603979. https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2021.1603979.

Résumé : The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major crisis for governments and populations. The public’s risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors are key factors that play a vital role in the transmission of infectious diseases. Our scoping review aims to map the early evidence on risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors of general and high-risk adult populations towards COVID-19. A systematic scoping review was conducted of peer-reviewed articles in five databases on studies conducted during the early stages of COVID-19. Thirty-one studies meeting the inclusion criteria were appraised and analyzed.The levels of risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors towards COVID-19 were moderate to high in both general and high-risk adult populations. The perceived severity of the disease was slightly higher than the perceived susceptibility of getting COVID-19. Adults were knowledgeable about preventive behaviors. Nevertheless, an important knowledge gap regarding the asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 was reported in many studies. Our review identified hand-washing and avoiding crowded places as dominant preventive behaviors. Being a female, older, more educated, and living in urban areas was associated with better knowledge of COVID-19 and appropriate preventive behaviors.

Coulibaly Karna et Ravalihasy Andrainolo (2021) « Empowerment et migration/immigration : une rencontre tardive mais des travaux de plus en plus nombreux », De facto | Institut Convergences Migrations, 29 (décembre 15), p. 30-33. (Dossier « Penser les migrations à la lumière du pouvoir d’agir »). https://www.icmigrations.cnrs.fr/2021/11/26/defacto-029-04/.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Coulibaly Karna et Ravalihasy Andrainolo (2021) « « Comment mesurer l’empowerment en santé sexuelle des immigrés précaires ? Le cas de Makasi » » présenté à Séminaire du département Santé de l’Institut Convergences Migrations, Aubervilliers.

Coulibaly Pierre, Schantz Clémence, Traoré Brehima, Bagayoko Nanko S., Traoré Abdoulaye, Chabrol Fanny et Guindo Oumar (2021) « In the era of humanitarian crisis, young women continue to die in childbirth in Mali », Conflict and Health, 15 (1). DOI : 10.1186/s13031-020-00334-5. https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1186/s13031-020-00334-5.

Résumé : Maternal mortality occurs mostly in contexts of poverty and health system collapse. Mali has a very high maternal mortality rate and this extremely high mortality rate is due in part to longstanding constraints in maternal health services. The central region has been particularly affected by the humanitarian crisis in recent years, and maternal health has been aggravated by the conflict. Sominé Dolo Hospital is located in Mopti, central region. In the last decade, a high number of pregnant or delivering women have died in this hospital. We conducted a retrospective and exhaustive study of maternal deaths occurring in Mopti hospital. Between 2007 and 2019, 420 women died, with an average of 32 deaths per year. The years 2014–2015 and the last 2 years have been particularly deadly, with 40 and 50 deaths in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The main causes were hypertensive disorders/eclampsia and haemorrhage. 80% of these women’s deaths were preventable. Two major explanations result in these maternal deaths in Sominé Dolo’s hospital: first, a lack of accessible and safe blood, and second, the absence of a reference and evacuation referral system, all of which are aggravated by security issues in and around Mopti. Access to quality hospital care is in dire need in the Mopti region. There is an urgent need for a safe blood collection system and free of charge for pregnant women. We also strongly recommend that the referral/evacuation system be reinvigorated, and that universal health coverage be strengthened.

Cu Anthony, Meister Sofia, Lefebvre Bertrand et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Assessing healthcare access using the Levesque’s conceptual framework– a scoping review », International Journal for Equity in Health, 20 (1) (décembre), p. 116. DOI : 10.1186/s12939-021-01416-3. https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-021-01416-3.

Résumé : Abstract Introduction Countries are working hard to improve access to healthcare through Universal Healthcare Coverage. To genuinely address the problems of healthcare access, we need to recognize all the dimensions and complexities of healthcare access. Levesque’s Conceptual Framework of Access to Health introduced in 2013 provides an interesting and comprehensive perspective through the five dimensions of access and the five abilities of the population to access healthcare. The objectives of this paper are to identify and analyze all empirical studies that applied Levesque’s conceptual framework for access to healthcare and to explore the experiences and challenges of researchers who used this framework in developing tools for assessing access. Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching through four databases, for studies citing Levesque et al. 2013 to select all empirical studies focusing on healthcare access that applied the framework. An initial 1838 documents underwent title screening, followed by abstract screening, and finally full text screening by two independent reviewers. Authors of studies identified from the scoping review were also interviewed. Results There were 31 studies identified on healthcare access using the Levesque framework either a priori , to develop assessment tool/s (11 studies), or a posteriori , to organize and analyze collected data (20 studies) . From the tools used, 147 unique questions on healthcare access were collected, 91 of these explored dimensions of access while 56 were about abilities to access. Those that were designed from the patient’s perspective were 73%, while 20% were for health providers, and 7% were addressed to both. Interviews from seven out of the 26 authors, showed that while there were some challenges such as instances of categorization difficulty and unequal representation of dimensions and abilities, the overall experience was positive. Conclusion Levesque’s framework has been successfully used in research that explored, assessed, and measured access in various healthcare services and settings. The framework allowed researchers to comprehensively assess the complex and dynamic process of access both in the health systems and the population contexts. There is still potential room for improvement of the framework, particularly the incorporation of time-related elements of access.

d'Elbée Marc, Traore Métogara Mohamed, Badiane Kéba, Vautier Anthony, Simo Fotso Arlette, Kabemba Odé Kanku, Rouveau Nicolas, Godfrey-Faussett Peter, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Medley Graham Francis, Larmarange Joseph, Terris-Prestholt Fern et ATLAS Team (2021) « Costs and Scale-Up Costs of Integrating HIV Self-Testing Into Civil Society Organisation-Led Programmes for Key Populations in Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Mali », Frontiers in Public Health, 9 (mai 24). DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653612. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.653612/full.

Résumé : Despite significant progress on the proportion of individuals who know their HIV status in 2020, Côte d’Ivoire (76%), Senegal (78%), and Mali (48%) remain far below, and key populations (KP) including female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who use injectable drugs (PWuID) are the most vulnerable groups with a HIV prevalence at 5%-30%. HIV self-testing (HIVST), a process where a person collects his/her own specimen, performs an HIV test, and interprets the result, was introduced in 2019 as a new testing modality through the ATLAS project coordinated by the international partner organisation Solthis (IPO). In this paper, we estimate the costs of implementing HIVST through twenty-three civil society organisations (CSO)-led models for KP in Côte d’Ivoire (N=7), Senegal (N=11), and Mali (N=5). We modelled costs for programme transition (2021) and early scale-up (2022-2023). Between July 2019 and September 2020, a total of 51,028, 14,472 and 34,353 HIVST kits were distributed in Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, and Mali, respectively. Across countries, 64%-80% of HIVST kits were distributed to FSW, 20%-31% to MSM, and 5%-8% to PWuID. Average costs per HIVST kit distributed ranged $12-$15 (FSW), $14-$27 (MSM), and $15-$143 (PWuID), driven by personnel costs at various intervention levels (53%-78% of total costs), and HIVST kits costs (2%-15%). Estimated average costs at scale-up ranged $6-$13 (FSW), $6-$23 (MSM), and $14-$50 (PWuID), and were mainly explained by the spreading of IPO costs over higher HIVST distribution volumes. In all three countries, CSO-led HIVST kit provision to KP showed relatively high costs during the study period related to the progressive integration of the programme to CSO activities and contextual challenges (COVID-19 pandemic, country safety concerns). The analysis of costs at scale suggests that, in the transition to scale-up and further integration of the HIVST programme into CSO existing activities, this model can evolve into an affordable HIV testing strategy. This is particularly relevant as it remains today the most promising strategy for reaching KP of the HIV epidemic, their sexual partners, and FSW clients not accessing HIV testing. Further research will assess the overall cost-effectiveness of this model.

Mots-clés : Costs and Cost Analysis, Côte d'Ivoire, diagnosis, Female sex workers, HIV self-testing, Key populations, Knowledge of HIV status, Mali, Men who have sex with men, People who use injectable drugs, Scale-up, screening, Senegal, West Africa.

d'Elbée Marc, Traore Métogara Mohamed, Badiane Kéba, Vautier Anthony, Simo Fotso Arlette, Kanku Kabemba Odé, Rouveau Nicolas, Godfrey-Faussett Peter, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Medley Graham Francis, Larmarange Joseph et Terris-Prestholt Fern (2021) « Costs and costs-at-scale of provision of HIV self-testing kits by civil society organisations to key populations and their sexual partners in Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal and Mali » (poster PED500), présenté à 11th IAS Conference on HIV Science, Berlin. https://theprogramme.ias2021.org/Abstract/Abstract/476.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite significant progress on the proportion of individuals who know their HIV status in 2020, Côte d'Ivoire (76%), Senegal (78%), and Mali (48%) remain far below the 90-90-90 targets. Key populations including female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who use drugs (PWUD) are the most vulnerable groups with HIV prevalence at 5%-30%. HIV self-testing (HIVST) was introduced in West Africa in 2019 as a new testing modality through the ATLAS project coordinated by the international partner organisation Solthis (IPO). METHODS: We estimated the costs of implementing HIVST through twenty-three civil society organisations (CSO)-led models in Côte d'Ivoire (N=7), Senegal (N=11), and Mali (N=5). We modelled costs for programme transition (2021) and early scale-up (2022-2023). RESULTS: Between July-2019 and September-2020, a total of 51,028, 14,472 and 34,353 HIVST kits were distributed in Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Mali, respectively. Across countries, 64%-80% of HIVST kits were distributed to FSW, 20%-31% to MSM, and 5%-8% to PWUD. Cost per HIVST kit distributed ranged from $12-$15 (FSW), $14-$27 (MSM), to $15-$143 (PWUD), driven by personnel costs at various intervention levels (53%-78% of total costs), and HIVST kit costs (2%-15%). Predicted costs at scale-up ranged from $5-$13 (FSW), $5-$24 (MSM), to $13-$53 (PWUD), and were mainly explained by the spreading of IPO costs over higher HIVST distribution volumes. CONCLUSIONS: In all countries, CSO-led HIVST kit provision to key populations showed relatively high costs related to the progressive integration of the programme to CSO activities and contextual challenges (e.g. country security issues). In the transition to scale-up and further integration of the HIVST programme into CSO activities, this model can become less costly. This is particularly relevant as it remains today the most promising strategy for reaching key populations and their sexual partners not accessing HIV testing.

Dagenais Christian, Hébert Catherine et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Video as an effective knowledge transfer tool to increase awareness among health workers and better manage dengue fever cases », Journal of Global Health Reports (novembre), p. e2021100. DOI : 10.29392/001c.29879.

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