Références bibliographiques

Kabbanji Lama, Levatino Antonina et Toma Sorana (2021) « Mobilités étudiantes internationales : l’attractivité de la France », Plein droit, 130 (3) (décembre 31), p. 3-6. DOI : 10.3917/pld.130.0005. http://www.cairn.info/revue-plein-droit-2021-3-page-3.htm.

Kabbanji Lama et Scientifique » le collectif « Étrangèr-es et division internationale du travail (2021) « Ultra-sélection à l’université », Plein droit, 130 (3) (décembre 31), p. 15-18. DOI : 10.3917/pld.130.0017. http://www.cairn.info/revue-plein-droit-2021-3-page-15.htm.

Résumé : Si elle s’inscrit dans la lignée des politiques de « maîtrise des flux migratoires », la réforme adoptée en 2019 ouvre la voie à la marchandisation de l’enseignement supérieur et, dans son sillage, à l’instauration d’un régime d’inégal accès à l’enseignement supérieur fondé sur une sélection tant géographique que financière des demandes d’admission au séjour pour études. La promotion d’une délocalisation des formations payantes à l’étranger, et en particulier dans les pays d’Afrique francophone, laisse présager une reconfiguration sans précédent de l’espace universitaire français.

Kameda Koichi (2021) « Molecular Sovereignty: Building a Blood Screening Test for the Brazilian Nation », Medicine Anthropology Theory, 8 (2) (novembre 3), p. 1-25. DOI : 10.17157/mat.8.2.5122. http://www.medanthrotheory.org/article/view/5122.

Résumé : This article interrogates the relationship between the development of national diagnostic technologies and the exercise of sovereignty, by analysing a Brazilian project to produce a nucleic acid test (NAT) for the country’s blood screening programme. The concept of ‘molecular sovereignty’ is proposed to demonstrate that exercising sovereignty demands not only technological resources but also a sufficiently powerful and national imaginary to support local knowledge production as a means of advancing national healthcare priorities. First, this research article contextualises the political importance of blood safety for Brazil during its transition to democracy in the 1980s and the creation of its universal healthcare system. Then, it investigates how adopting the NAT led the state to invest in the production of a national technology. Third, the article unpacks the diagnostic test to consider how certain aspects of the project might ultimately strengthen the ability of global capital to cross national boundaries and create new markets. Lastly, it discusses how the project ended up creating a centralised and ‘closed’ system to avoid leaving the country vulnerable to the entry of global diagnostic companies. This case demonstrates how the molecularisation of blood, through the construction of a unified healthcare system driven by the constitutional right to health, can be deployed to construct imagined communities on the scale of a nation.

Mots-clés : Blood, Brazil, Diagnostic tests, Global health, Molecularisation, Sovereignty.

Kameda Koichi et Barbeitas Mady (2021) « Quelle place pour les tests dans gestion de la COVID-19 au Brésil ? », COVIDAM: la Covid-19 dans les Amériques. https://covidam.institutdesameriques.fr/quelle-place-pour-les-tests-dans-gestion-de-la-covid-19-au-bresil/.

Résumé : Dès mars 2020, il y a plus d’un an, le directeur de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé demandait à tous les pays d’investir davantage dans la réalisation de tests de diagnostic pour contrôler la dissémination du SARS-CoV-2, virus causant la Covid-19. Dans ce contexte, ce billet va analyser plus spécifiquement le cas brésilien pour éclairer le rôle du test de diagnostic dans la réponse à la COVID-19.

Kameda Koichi, Barbeitas Mady, Caetano Rosângela, Löwy Ilana, Oliveira Ana Claudia Dias de, Corrêa Marilena Cordeiro Dias Villela et Cassier Maurice (2021) « Testing COVID-19 in Brazil: fragmented efforts and challenges to expand diagnostic capacity at the Brazilian Unified National Health System », Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 37 (3), p. e00277420. DOI : 10.1590/0102-311x00277420. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2021000306001&tlng=en.

Résumé : Abstract: Since the first recorded case of COVID-19 on February 26, 2020, Brazil has seen an exponential growth in the number of cases and deaths. The national testing approach has been insufficient to correctly use this tool in the support of containing the epidemic in the country. In this communication, we discuss efforts and challenges to scale-up COVID-19 testing at the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). This communication presents the initial results of the research project created to investigate the political, industrial, technological, and regulatory aspects that may affect the diagnostic and testing capacity for COVID-19 in Brazil. The paper draws on the review of academic literature, media publication, and collection of public data on tests purchase and regulation. It enlists initiatives to enhance PCR testing, national production and development of technologies, as well as regulatory measures to fast-track new tests. Our analysis indicates some points of reflection. Firstly, the lack of a consistent national strategy to fight COVID-19 exarcebated supply problems of diagnostic components. If the country was eventually able to circumvent this situation, it still faces a more structural dependency on the importation of diagnostic components. Secondly, the discontinued funding and distribution of tests may have implied health policy fragmentation and the growing importance of local governments and non-state actors to fighting the epidemics within SUS. Finally, initiatives established since the second semester of 2020 have expanded the testing capacity at SUS. However, it has not been sufficient to control the progress of the epidemic in the country. , Resumen: Desde que se registró el primer caso de COVID-19 el 26 de febrero de 2020, Brasil ha visto un crecimiento exponencial en el número de casos y muertes. La estrategia nacional para preconizar el test de diagnóstico ha sido insuficiente en el uso correcto de esta herramienta, con el fin de ayudar a contener la epidemia en el país. Se presentó los esfuerzos y los desafíos para ampliar la realización de pruebas de COVID-19 en el Sistema Único de Salud brasileño (SUS). Este artículo presenta los resultados iniciales del proyecto de investigación sobre los aspectos políticos, industriales, tecnológicos y regulatorios que pueden afectar la capacidad de diagnóstico para la COVID-19 en Brasil. El grupo de investigación realizó una revisión de la literatura académica, medios de comunicación y recogida de datos públicos respecto a la adquisición de tests y su regulación. Se haz referencia a iniciativas para promover la realización de pruebas de PCR, la producción nacional y el desarrollo de tecnologías, así como las medidas regulatorias fast-track para nuevas pruebas. Nuestro análisis indica algunos puntos de reflexión. Primero, la falta de una estrategia nacional consistente para luchar contra la COVID-19 que exacerbó los problemas de sumistro de los componentes de diagnóstico en un primer momento. Se solucionó posteriormente esta situación, aunque se coloque nuevamente en pauta la dependencia estructural del país en la importación de insumos de salud estratégicos. Segundo, la financiación y la distribución de tests de forma descontinuada pueden indicar la fragmentación de la política de salud, así como los gobiernos estaduales, municipales, y atores no estatales asumiendo un rol preponderante en acciones de combate a la epidemia en el SUS. En último, las iniciativas establecidas en el segundo semestre del 2020 contribuyeron para ampliar la capacidad de realización de tests moleculares en el SUS. Sin embargo, esa capacidad no fue suficiente para controlar la epidemia en Brasil. , Resumo: Desde que o primeiro caso de COVID-19 no Brasil foi notificado, em 26 de fevereiro de 2020, o país assiste a um crescimento exponencial no número de casos e mortes. A estratégia nacional de testagem tem sido insuficiente para usar essa ferramenta corretamente no apoio à contenção da epidemia no país. O artigo discute os esforços e desafios para escalonar a testagem para COVID-19 no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O texto apresenta os resultados iniciais de um projeto de pesquisa sobre os aspectos políticos, industriais, tecnológicos e regulatórios que podem afetar a capacidade diagnóstica e de testagem para COVID-19 no Brasil. O estudo se apoia em revisão da literatura cientifica, artigos publicados na mídia e coleta de dados públicos sobre a compra e regulamentação de testes. O texto faz referência a iniciativas para ampliar a testagem de PCR, a produção nacional e o desenvolvimento de tecnologias, além de medidas regulatórias fast-track para novos testes. Nossa análise sugere alguns pontos para reflexão. Primeiro, a falta de uma estratégia nacional consistente para combater a COVID-19 agravou os problemas de fornecimento de reagentes de diagnostico num primeiro momento. Esta situação foi posteriormente resolvida, embora coloque novamente em pauta a dependência estrutural do país na importação de insumos de saúde estratégicos. Em segundo lugar, financiamento e a distribuição de testes, que ocorreram de forma descontinuada, podem indicar a fragmentação da política sanitária, assim como o papel de governos estaduais, municipais e atores não estatais no combate à epidemia no âmbito do SUS. Por último, iniciativas estabelecidas no segundo semestre de 2020 contribuíram para ampliar a capacidade de testagem molecular no SUS. Contudo, essa capacidade não foi suficiente para controlar a epidemia no Brasil.

Kameda Koichi, Kelly Ann H, Lezaun Javier et Löwy Ilana (2021) « Imperfect diagnosis: The truncated legacies of Zika testing », Social Studies of Science (août 31), p. 030631272110354. DOI : 10.1177/03063127211035492. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03063127211035492.

Résumé : When the Zika virus burst onto the international scene in the second half of 2015, the development of diagnostic tools was seen as an urgent global health priority. Diagnostic capacity was restricted to a small number of reference laboratories, and none of the few available molecular or serological tests had been validated for extensive use in an outbreak setting. In the early weeks of the crisis, key funders stepped in to accelerate research and development efforts, and the WHO took responsibility for steering diagnostic standardization, a role it had successfully played during the West Africa Ebola virus outbreak. Yet when the WHO declared the end of the Zika Public Health Emergency of International Concern in November 2016, diagnostic capacity remained patchy, and few tools were available at the scale required in the countries that bore the brunt of the epidemic, particularly Brazil. This article analyses the limited impact of global R&D efforts on the availability of Zika diagnostic options where they were most needed and for those most vulnerable: women who might have been exposed to the virus during their pregnancy and children born with suspected congenital Zika syndrome. The truncated legacies of testing during the Zika crisis reveal some of the fault lines in the global health enterprise, particularly the limits of ‘emergency R&D’ to operate in geopolitical contexts that do not conform to the ideal type of a humanitarian crisis, or to tackle technical issues that are inextricably linked to domestic struggles over the scope and distribution of biological citizenship. Diagnostic shortcomings, we argue, lie at the heart of the stunning transformation, in less than two years, in the status of Zika: from international public health emergency to neglected disease.

Kameda Koïchi et Kessel Nils (2021) « Quels consensus ?: La sécurité transfusionnelle en Allemagne et au Brésil », Cahiers Droit, Sciences & Technologies, 12, p. 97-115. DOI : 10.4000/cdst.3483. http://journals.openedition.org/cdst/3483.

Résumé : Le présent article s’intéresse à l’émergence du consensus sur l’introduction du dépistage génomique viral (DGV ou nucleic acid based test - NAT) dans deux pays, l’Allemagne et le Brésil. L’introduction du DGV vers la fin des années 1990 en Europe puis une décennie plus tard au Brésil s’inscrit ainsi dans un ensemble de processus transnationaux : une menace virale identifiée, la disponibilité d’un ensemble de technologies mobilisant la polymerase-chain-réaction (PCR) ainsi que des normes scientifiques, technologiques et juridiques internationales relatives à la production et à la circulation du sang et à la transfusion de ses produits dérivés. L’article poursuit trois objectifs : d’abord il vise à décrire les formes et les contenus des consensus qui ont émergé dans les deux pays respectifs. Puis, nous nous intéressons à la manière dont le consensus est le résultat d’une coopération étroite entre acteurs établis. Enfin, en prolongement des questionnements de Marie-Angèle Hermitte, cet article analyse comment les processus « technoscientifiques » (Dominique Pestre) et l’évolution du droit sont intriqués et s’influencent mutuellement dans l’émergence d’un consensus.

Klein Armelle et Sandron Frédéric (2021) « La mobilité résidentielle comme cause et conséquence de vulnérabilité chez les personnes âgées à La Réunion », Populations vulnérables, 7 (décembre 1), p. 34-49. DOI : 10.4000/popvuln.850. https://journals.openedition.org/popvuln/850.

Résumé : Sur la base d’une revue de la littérature et d’un corpus de quatorze entretiens semi-directifs, l’objet de cet article est de mettre en relation les facteurs de vulnérabilité du territoire réunionnais, ceux des personnes âgées de ce département français d’outre-mer ainsi que ceux éventuellement issus d’une mobilité résidentielle. Pour cela, une analyse macroscopique et une analyse individuelle sont proposées autour des facteurs de vulnérabilité dans les registres économiques, sanitaires, sociaux et environnementaux. Ces deux niveaux d’analyse indiquent la nécessité d’une approche territoriale fine pour mieux comprendre la vulnérabilité des personnes âgées et ses liens avec la mobilité résidentielle.

Kobiané Jean-François et Pilon Marc (2021) « Contribution à une histoire de la démographie africaine. Regard sur l’Afrique francophone: », Politique africaine, n° 161-162 (1) (juin 7), p. 325-347. DOI : 10.3917/polaf.161.0325. https://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-africaine-2021-1-page-325.htm?ref=doi.

Kouassi Arsène Kra, Colin Géraldine, Diop Papa Moussa, Simo Fotso Arlette, Rouveau Nicolas, Hervé Kouakou Kouamé, Geoffroy Olivier, Diallo Bakary, Kabemba Odé Kanku, Dieng Baidy, Diallo Sanata, Vautier Anthony, Larmarange Joseph et ATLAS Team (2021) « Introducing and Implementing HIV Self-Testing in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal: What Can We Learn From ATLAS Project Activity Reports in the Context of the COVID-19 Crisis? », Frontiers in Public Health (juillet 20), p. 1-14. DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653565. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.653565/full.

Résumé : Background: The ATLAS program promotes and implements HIVST in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal. Priority groups include members of key populations – female sex workers (FSW), men having sex with men (MSM), and people who use drugs (PWUD) – and their partners and relatives. HIVST distribution activities, which began in mid-2019, were impacted in early 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This article, focusing only on outreach activities among key populations, analyzes quantitative and qualitative program data collected during implementation to examine temporal trends in HIVST distribution and their evolution in the context of the COVID-19 health crisis. Specifically, we investigated the impact on, the adaptation of, and the disruption of field activities. Results: In all three countries, the pre-COVID-19 period was marked by a gradual increase in HIVST distribution. The period corresponding to the initial emergency response (March-May 2020) witnessed an important disruption of activities: a total suspension in Senegal, a significant decline in Côte d’Ivoire, and a less pronounced decrease in Mali. Secondary distribution was also negatively impacted. Peer educators showed resilience and adapted by relocating from public to private areas, reducing group sizes, moving night activities to the daytime, increasing the use of social networks, integrating hygiene measures, and promoting assisted HIVST as an alternative to conventional rapid testing. From June 2020 onward, with the routine management of the COVID-19 pandemic, a catch-up phenomenon was observed with the resumption of activities in Senegal, the opening of new distribution sites, a rebound in the number of distributed HIVST kits, a resurgence in larger group activities, and a rebound in the average number of distributed HIVST kits per primary contact. Conclusions: Although imperfect, the program data provide useful information to describe changes in the implementation of HIVST outreach activities over time. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIVST distribution among key populations was visible in the monthly activity reports. Focus groups and individual interviews allowed us to document the adaptations made by peer educators, with variations across countries and populations. These adaptations demonstrate the resilience and learning capacities of peer educators and key populations.

Mots-clés : Côte d'Ivoire, COVID-19, HIV self-testing, Key populations, Mali, Senegal, West Africa.

Kouassi Arsène Kra, Simo Fotso Arlette, N'Guessan Kouassi Noël, Geoffroy Olivier, Younoussa Sidibé, Kanku Kabemba Odé, Dieng Baidy, Dama Ndeye Pauline, Rouveau Nicolas, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Boily Marie-Claude, Silhol Romain, d'Elbée Marc, Vautier Anthony, Larmarange Joseph et on behalf of the ATLAS Team (2021) « Reaching key and peripheral populations: a phone-based survey of HIV self-test users in West Africa » (poster #PEC004), présenté à 21st ICASA, Durban.

Résumé : Background In West Africa, community-based strategies focussing on key populations (KP) such as female sex workers (FSW) and men having sex with men (MSM) have significantly improved access to HIV testing for KP. However, some of them (like “occasional FSW” or “hidden MSM”) remain difficult to reach, as well as their sexual partners and clients. HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits can be distributed to primary contacts for personal use and through secondary distribution, where contacts are invited to redistribute kits to their peers, partners, and relatives. Since 2019, the ATLAS program implements such a strategy in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal, including FSW-based and MSM-based activities within the communities. Methods To examine the profiles of actual HIVST users without actively tracking them, we implemented a phone‐based survey. Between March and June 2021, leaflets were distributed in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal with the HIV test kits, inviting users to call a free phone number anonymously. Participation was rewarded with $3 USD of phone credit. Each flyer had a unique participation number to indirectly identify the distribution channel (DC), FSW-based or MSM-based. Results A total of 1305 participants were recruited among the FSW-DC and 1100 through MSM-DC across countries out of 44’598 HIVST kits distributed. Of participants, 69% received their self-test kit through primary distribution and 31% received it from a friend (17%), sexual partner (7%), relative (6%) or colleague (1%), which illustrates the feasibility of secondary distribution. In the FSW-DC, 48% of participants were male, and in the MSM-DC 9% were female, showing the capacity of HIVST to reach sexual partners and clients of KP. Only 50% of male participants in the MSM-DC reported to the interviewer that they ever had sex with a man, suggesting that some “hidden MSM” may also be recruited. One third of female participants from the FSW-DC and 45% of male participants from the MSM-DC were testing for the first time. The proportions whose last HIV test was done more than a year were respectively 24% and 14%. These proportions are higher than observed in surveys conducted among FSW and MSM in the same countries. Conclusions HIVST offers a complementary testing approach to increase diagnosis coverage among KP that face barriers to conventional HIV testing strategies. Secondary distribution of HIVST is feasible and has the potential to reach, beyond KP, vulnerable peripheral groups.

Ky-Zerbo Odette, Desclaux Alice, Kouadio Alexis Brou, Rouveau Nicolas, Vautier Anthony, Sow Souleymane, Camara Sidi Cheick, Boye Sokhna, Pourette Dolorès, Sidibé Younoussa, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Larmarange Joseph et on behalf of the ATLAS Team (2021) « Enthusiasm for Introducing and Integrating HIV Self-Testing but Doubts About Users: A Baseline Qualitative Analysis of Key Stakeholders' Attitudes and Perceptions in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal », Frontiers in Public Health, 9 (octobre 18). DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2021.653481. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2021.653481.

Résumé : Since 2019, the ATLAS project, coordinated by Solthis in collaboration with national AIDS programs, has introduced, promoted and delivered HIV self-testing (HIVST) in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal. Several delivery channels have been defined, including key populations: men who have sex with men, female sex workers and people who use injectable drugs. At project initiation, a qualitative study analyzing the perceptions and attitudes of key stakeholders regarding the introduction of HIVST in their countries and its integration with other testing strategies for key populations was conducted. The study was conducted from September to November 2019 within 3 months of the initiation of HIVST distribution. Individual interviews were conducted with 60 key informants involved in the project or in providing support and care to key populations: members of health ministries, national AIDS councils, international organizations, national and international non-governmental organizations, and peer educators. Semi structured interviews were recorded, translated when necessary, and transcribed. Data were coded using Dedoose© software for thematic analyses. We found that stakeholders' perceptions and attitudes are favorable to the introduction and integration of HIVST for several reasons. Some of these reasons are held in common, and some are specific to each key population and country. Overall, HIVST is considered able to reduce stigma; preserve anonymity and confidentiality; reach key populations that do not access testing via the usual strategies; remove spatial barriers; save time for users and providers; and empower users with autonomy and responsibility. It is non-invasive and easy to use. However, participants also fear, question and doubt users' autonomy regarding their ability to use HIVST kits correctly; to ensure quality secondary distribution; to accept a reactive test result; and to use confirmation testing and care services. For stakeholders, HIVST is considered an attractive strategy to improve access to HIV testing for key populations. Their doubts about users' capacities could be a matter for reflective communication with stakeholders and local adaptation before the implementation of HIVST in new countries. Those perceptions may reflect the West African HIV situation through the emphasis they place on the roles of HIV stigma and disclosure in HIVST efficiency.

Ky-Zerbo et al. - 2021 - Enthusiasm for Introducing and Integrating HIV Sel.pdf 652.9 kio (source)

Ky-Zerbo Odette, Desclaux Alice, Kouadio Brou Alexis, Rouveau Nicolas, Vautier Anthony, Sow Souleymane, Camara Cheick Sidi, Boye Sokhna, Pourette Dolorès, Younoussa Sidibé, Maheu-Giroux Mathieu, Larmarange Joseph et for the ATLAS Team (2021) « Introducing HIV self-testing (HIVST) among key populations in West Africa: a baseline qualitative analysis of key stakeholders' attitudes and perceptions in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal » (poster PEC320), présenté à 11th IAS Conference on HIV Science, Berlin. https://theprogramme.ias2021.org/Abstract/Abstract/972.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a way to improve HIV status knowledge and access to HIV testing. Since 2019, the ATLAS project has introduced, promoted, and delivered HIVST in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal, in particular among female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who use drugs (PWUD), these key populations being particularly vulnerable to HIV and stigmatized in West Africa. Stakeholders involved in HIV testing activities targeting key populations are essential for the deployment of HIVST. Here, we analyze their perceptions of the introduction of HIVST in their countries. METHODS: A qualitative survey was conducted from September to November 2019 within three months of HIVST distribution initiation. Individual interviews were conducted with 60 stakeholders (Côte d'Ivoire, 19; Mali, 20; Senegal, 21). Semi-structured interviews were recorded, translated when necessary, and transcribed. Data were coded using Dedoose"© software for thematic analyses. RESULTS: In the three countries, stakeholders express enthusiasm and willingness to introduce HIVST for several reasons. HIVST is considered able to reduce stigma, preserve anonymity and confidentiality, especially for MSM and PWUD; reach key populations that do not access testing via usual strategies and HIV+ key populations; remove spatial barriers; save time for providers and users, notably for FSW; and empower users with autonomy and responsibility. HIVST is noninvasive and easy to use. Secondary distribution of HIVST seems appropriate for reaching partners of MSM, with confidentiality. However, stakeholders expressed doubts about key populations' ability, particularly PWUD, to correctly use HIVST kits, ensure quality secondary distribution, accept a reactive test result, and use confirmation testing and care services. They also mentioned that FSW might have difficulties redistributing HIVST to their clients and partners. CONCLUSIONS: HIVST is considered an attractive strategy to improve access to HIV testing for key populations. The doubts about users' capacities could be a matter of reflective communication with stakeholders before HIVST implementation in other western African countries.

Lambert Anne, Le Roux Guillaume, Baril Elodie, Bringé Arnaud, Bonvalet Catherine et Bajos Nathalie (2021) « Les mobilités résidentielles pendant la crise sanitaire : flux et déterminants. » présenté à Inserm, Les Mardis d'Epicov.

Lange Marie-France (2021) « La privatisation de l’éducation en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone », in Jeunesse d’ici et d'ailleurs. Récits, mobilisation, éducation et socialisation, Hommage à Suzie Guth, professeure émérite à l’Université de Strasbourg (ed. Simantoto Mafuta Apollinaire-Sam), Paris : L’Harmattan, p. 171-191. (Logiques Sociales). ISBN : 978-2-343-22276-9.

Lange Marie-France (2021) « Une discrète révolution sociale : la progression massive de la scolarisation des filles et des jeunes filles dans les pays du Sud », Presses de Scinces Po, 87, p. 3-33. (Autrepart). https://www.cairn.info/revue-autrepart-2018-3-page-3.htm.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Lange Marie-France, Lewaurier Thibaut et Locatelli Rita (2021) The impact of privatization on teachers in Francophone sub-Saharan African countries, Paper commissioned for the 2021/2 Global Education Monitoring Report, Non-state actors in education (ED/GEMR/MRT/2021/P1/12), Paris : UNESCO, 76 p. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380072.

Résumé : The GEM 2021 report focuses on the role of non-state actors in education. A trend towards privatisation is increasing across all levels of education around the world. Several studies have analysed the impact of this trend on teachers, as they are a key determinant of the quality of education. This point of view is reflected in the framework of the Education 2030 initiative and the establishment of a qualified teaching body is one of the three main measures to be implemented to achieve Objective 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals, as indicated in target 4.C 1. Based on this observation, and to address the issue of the role of non-state actors in education, our report focuses on ‘the impact of privatisation on teachers in Francophone sub-Saharan African countries’.Through the analysis of available official data and recent research developed in Francophone African countries, the purpose of this background paper is to look into the different dimensions of the teaching profession in different types of private schools (for elites, low-cost, faith-based, community, etc.) at the level of compulsory education. To do this, seventeen countries in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa were selected (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo).After undertaking a literature review to illustrate the main results concerning teachers in non-state education, data available on teachers in private schools are presented (characteristics by age, sex, etc.). Five main themes are then looked at in greater depth: certification and regulations, type of recruitment, quality of education, social dialogue and professionalization. The impact of these different dimensions on the quality of education is then brought to light.Finally, two case studies are presented; they focus on Senegal and Burkina Faso, provide more information on this topic and also cover these same five themes.The conclusion reflects on the effects of the increasing involvement of private actors in schoolsystems in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa and the consequences on the teaching profession in the countries studied.

Larmarange Joseph (2021) « Enseigner R sur YouTube en temps de Covid : retours d’expérience des webin-R » (communication orale), présenté à Journées d'étude : Compter, Mesurer, Calculer.. Raisonner ? Enseigner le quanti en sciences sociales dans le supérieur : pratiques et défis", Nantes. https://quanti.hypotheses.org/2157.

Résumé : En raison du contexte sanitaire, plusieurs formations intensives sur l’analyse d’enquêtes avec R et RStudio à destination de mastorants, doctorants et post-doctorants en sciences sociales que je devais animer en France et en Afrique de l’Ouest ont dues être annulées ou reportées. En réponse, a été mis en place à partir de novembre 2019 un webinaire en ligne hebdomadaire d’enseignement à R : les webin-R. Face à la demande (plus de 400 inscrits à la mailing liste dédiée mise en place début novembre 2020), il a été choisi de diffuser le webin-R en live sur YouTube, avec possibilité de visionnage en différé. Les séances durent entre 1h30 et 2h. L’intervenant partage son écran pour tester le code R en direct et permettre aux participants de visualiser l’interface RStudio. Comme les interactions avec les participants sont limitées (uniquement le chat YouTube pendant le live), des sessions interactives du type Foire aux questions (FAQ) sont organisées sur Zoom tous les 4 à 6 séances, enregistrées et rediffusées sur YouTube. YouTube a également été choisi pour sa facilité d’utilisation, sa bande passante élevée (notamment pour les spectateurs africains) et la possibilité de visionner les vidéos dans différentes qualités (dont en HD 1080p, indispensable pour que la capture d’écran et le code R soient bien lisibles). La captation vidéo est réalisée avec le service https://streamyard.com/ qui permet un flux video live en 1080p, le suivi en direct du chat et la possibilité d’afficher à l’image des commentaires choisis par l’intervenant. Les webin-R s’accompagnent d’une mailing listes dédiée, d’une chaîne YouTube et d’un site d’accompagnement (https://larmarange.github.io/webin-R/) où pour chaque séance sont fournies des ressources additionnelles, notamment les scripts R des séances et des liens vers des chapitres analyse-R (https://larmarange.github.io/analyse-R/), une sorte de manuel pratique en ligne existant depuis une dizaine d’années (les contenus correspondent à l’équivalent d’un ouvrage de plus de 1200 pages et le site enregistre ~50 000 pages vues par mois). L’ensemble des contenus des webin-R et d’analyse-R sont accessibles gratuitement et sous licence libre Creative Commons. Les webin-R n’ont pas pour vocation d’enseigner les statistiques proprement dites mais plutôt comment réaliser des statistiques avec les logiciels R et RStudio. Ils se focalisent sur la mise en œuvre pratique, l’objectif étant de donner les clés de départ pour permettre aux participants de pouvoir continuer à s’autoformer par la suite. Au 1er mars 2021, la chaîne YouTube des webinaires totalisait 485 abonnés, 11 vidéos (9 webin-R et 2 FAQ) et 8213 vues. Selon les données analytiques des 90 derniers jours : le nombre moyen de vue par spectateur est de 4,0 et les abonnés représentent 48% des vues. Mi-février 2021, après les neuf premières séances, une enquête a été mené auprès des participants aux webin-R. Il s’agissait d’un questionnaire en ligne dont la promotion a été réalisée via la liste de diffusion : 152 questionnaires complets ont été reçus. Les répondants étaient en majorité des hommes (61%). Ils étaient âgés de 33 ans en médiane (IQR : 28-41). Les deux tiers (64%) résident en France, 31% en Afrique francophone. Ils relèvent de situations diverses : étudiant·e·s en licence (1%), mastorant·e·s (16%), doctorant·e·s (29%), post-doctorant·e·s (5%), ingénieur·e·s de recherche (15%), chercheur·e·s ou enseignant-chercheur·e·s (14%), personnes travaillant dans le secteur privé (19%). Les disciplines sont toutes aussi variées : épidémiologie (19%), sociologie (15%), démographie (14%), économie (11%), statistique (9%), géographie (6%), … En termes de participation, on observe un léger phénomène de fatigue, avec un taux de participation de 80-90% pour les premières séances et de 61-76% pour les dernières séances. Surtout, la proportion suivant les séances en direct a diminué au profit d’un suivi en différé. Parmi les points forts mentionnés par les participants : visualisation en direct de la mise en œuvre du code via l’écran partagé ; la mise à disposition des scripts et de ressources en ligne ; l’approche pratique et pragmatique ; le fait que les vidéos et les ressources soient en français ; la possibilité de revoir les vidéos en différé ; l’existence du site analyse-R en complément des vidéos (78% l’utilisent régulièrement) ; l’existence de sessions FAQ… Parmi les points faibles sont mentionnés : l’absence d’exercice ; la non-possibilité de valider des crédits d’enseignement ; le fait que toutes les explications données pendant les vidéos ne sont pas forcément reprises sur analyse-R ; le souhait de plus d’applications concrètes sur des données existantes ; un temps insuffisant consacré à l’interprétation des résultats ; une organisation et structuration des sessions FAQ à améliorer… Une enquête complémentaire est prévue en mai 2021. La présentation portera sur les leçons apprises de l’expérience des webin-R, ses atouts et ses limites.

Larmarange Joseph (2021) « From Key Populations to beyond : using HIV self-testing to increasingly reach vulnerable groups in West-Africa » (communication orale), présenté à 11th IAS Conference on HIV Science, Berlin. https://theprogramme.ias2021.org/Programme/Session/163.

Larmarange Joseph (2021) « Initier la communauté de recherche à l’analyse d’enquêtes avec R et RStudio : retours d’expériences d’analyse-R et des webin-R » (communication orale), présenté à Semaine Data SHS 2021, Paris. https://progedo.hypotheses.org/1787.

Larmarange Joseph, Ludecke Daniel, Wickham Hadley, Bojanowski Michal et Briatte François (2021) Labelled: Manipulating Labelled Data, version 2.9.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=labelled.

Résumé : Work with labelled data imported from 'SPSS' or 'Stata' with 'haven' or 'foreign'. This package provides useful functions to deal with "haven_labelled" and "haven_labelled_spss" classes introduced by 'haven' package.

Larmarange Joseph et pour l'équipe ATLAS (2021) « Au-delà des populations clés : la distribution secondaire de kits d’autodépistage du VIH en Afrique de l’Ouest » (communication orale (symposium ATLAS), présenté à 21st ICASA conference, Durban.

Larmarange Joseph et Sjoberg Daniel D. (2021) Broom.helpers: Helpers for Model Coefficients Tibbles, version 1.5.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=broom.helpers.

Résumé : Provides suite of functions to work with regression model 'broom::tidy()' tibbles. The suite includes functions to group regression model terms by variable, insert reference and header rows for categorical variables, add variable labels, and more.

Larzillière Pénélope, Chiara Calabrese Erminia, Grajales Jacobo, Manrique Gabriela, Napolitano Valentina et Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2021) « Engagements et désengagements combattants. Les émotions comme outil d’analyse: », Critique internationale, 91 (2) (avril 27), p. 163-181. DOI : 10.3917/crii.091.0166. https://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2021-2-page-163.htm?ref=doi.

Larzillière Pénélope et Grajales Jacobo, ss la dir. de (2021) Les émotions politiques des combattants, entre guerre et paix, Vol., 91, Paris, France : Presses de Sciences Po, 198 p. (Critique internationale). ISBN : 978-2-7246-3674-1. https://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2021-2.htm?contenu=sommaire.

Résumé : Comment envisager la prégnance des émotions politiques en temps de guerre ? À rebours de tout irrationalisme émotionnel, nous analysons leur intrication avec des représentations du juste et de l’injuste, en nous appuyant sur la notion de « sentiment moral », expression conjointe d’un affect et d’un jugement axiologique. Ces sentiments moraux sont marqués par le rapport à la violence, l’expérience du combat et le retour du front, et dans certains cas la sortie de conflit. Ils se construisent dans des enchâssements discontinus de réseaux combattants, militants, familiaux et professionnels, et leur expression éclaire un rapport complexe au politique, qui va de formes de légitimation de la violence aux reconfigurations des engagements armés. Cette proposition théorique est ici mise en application à partir de recherches menées auprès de combattants et ex-combattants en Turquie et en Syrie, au Liban, en Jordanie, en Côte d’Ivoire, et au Pakistan.

Larzillière Pénélope et Grajales Jacobo (2021) « Les émotions politiques des (ex-)combattants. Pour une sociologie des sentiments moraux », Critique internationale, 91 (2) (juin 3), p. 9-22. DOI : 10.3917/crii.091.0012. https://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2021-2-page-9.htm?ref=doi.

Le Guen Mireille, Schantz Clémence, Régnier-Loilier Arnaud et de La Rochebrochard Elise (2021) « Reasons for rejecting hormonal contraception in Western countries: A systematic review », Social Science & Medicine, 284 (septembre), p. 114247. DOI : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114247. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277953621005797.

Résumé : Over the past decade, women in Western countries have taken to various social media platforms to share their dissatisfactory experiences with hormonal contraception, which may be pills, patches, rings, injectables, implants or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs). These online testimonials have been denounced as spreading “hormonophobia”, i.e. an excessive fear of hormones based on irrational causes such as an overestimation of health risks associated with their use, that was already aroused by the recurring media controversies over hormonal contraception. In order to move toward a reproductive justice framework, we propose to study the arguments that women and men (as partners of female users) recently put forward against hormonal contraception to see whether they are related to hormonophobia. The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic review of the recent scientific literature in order to construct an evidence-based typology of reasons for rejecting hormonal contraception, in a continuum perspective from complaints to choosing not to use it, cited by women and men in Western countries in a recent time. The published literature was systematically searched using PubMed and the database from the French National Institute for Demographic Studies (Ined). A total of 42 articles were included for full-text analysis. Eight main categories emerged as reasons for rejecting hormonal contraception: problems related to physical side effects; altered mental health; negative impact on sexuality; concerns about future fertility; invocation of nature; concerns about menstruation; fears and anxiety; and the delegitimization of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives. Thus, arguments against hormonal contraception appeared complex and multifactorial. Future research should examine the provider-patient relationship, the gender bias of hormonal contraception and demands for naturalness in order to understand how birth control could better meet the needs and expectations of women and men in Western countries today.

Texte intégral 1.1 Mio (source)

Leclère Malory et Auzanneau Michelle (2021) « Que signifie apprendre le français pour les mineurs non accompagnés suivis à la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse ? Enjeux et contextualisation des questions langagières », in Langage et migration : perspectives pluridisciplinaires (Resp. scient. Le Ferrec, Laurence; Véniard, Marie), Lambert Lucas, p. 179-197. ISBN : 978-2-35935-342-6. https://hal.science/hal-03981334.

Full Text PDF 390.9 kio (source)

Lefort-Rieu Claire et Minfegue Calvin (2021) « Quand l’aide internationale renforce la présence de l’État aux marges de son territoire. Le cas de l’assistance aux réfugiés centrafricains à l’Est-Cameroun », Cahiers d'études africaines, 244 (novembre 29), p. 777-797. DOI : 10.4000/etudesafricaines.35599. http://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/35599.

Résumé : Dans la région frontalière entre le Cameroun et la République centrafricaine (RCA), les mouvements de population ont longtemps fait partie intégrante du paysage politique et économique. Avec la formalisation des frontières — coloniales puis nationales —, ces mouvements acquièrent le statut de migrations internationales, sujettes à des formes de contrôle et de régulation. Pourtant, ces dynamiques ne se trouvent remises en cause que récemment, via une conjonction de facteurs liés aux violences en RCA et à « l’humanitarisation » des flux migratoires que celles-ci provoquent. L’aide internationale en faveur des réfugiés dans la zone, initiée en 2013, permet ainsi de renforcer et de rendre visible une frontière longtemps poreuse et d’intégrer des marges périphériques au sein du territoire national camerounais.

Legrand Florian, Eychene Jean-Marc, Audiffren Julien, Klein Armelle, Labourdette C., Nicolaï Alice, Sandron Frederic et Vidal Piere-paul (2021) « Description of Participants in the “Atout Age Mobility” Prevention Workshops at the University Hospital Center of La Reunion: A Prospective Study », The journal of nutrition, health & aging (février 16). DOI : 10.1007/s12603-021-1604-8. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12603-021-1604-8.

Résumé : Introduction As the population ages, loss of autonomy is becoming a priority public health issue. "Atout Age Mobility" prevention interventions for seniors aim to limit frailty, which is a predictive and reversible factor in the loss of autonomy and disability. Objectives The objective of this study is to describe the impact of these interventions on the physical performance and quality of life of a pilot sample of participants. Design We conducted a prospective study named 5P PILOT with 3 months of follow up. Settings Subjects were recruited by convenience sampling from participants in the "Atout Age Mobility" workshops at Saint Joseph from 04/09/2017 to 29/01/2019. Participants Retired people over 55 years old with no contraindications to physical activity recruited from participants in the "Atout Age Mobility" workshops in Saint Joseph. Intervention(s) (for clinical trials) or Exposure(s) (for observational studies): All participants completed 12 weeks of physical exercise called the "Atout Age Mobility" workshop, which lasted 60 minutes each week and was supervised by physical activity coaches. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s) Physical performance was assessed by Short physical performance battery (SPPB), 10-m gait speed and grip strength measurement. Quality of life through the SF-36 test. Results Ninety-six patients were included and 55 (57.3%) completed the study. There was a significant improvement in gait speed (1.35 +/- 0.26m/s vs. 1.27 +/- 0.24m/s; p=0.008). There was no significant change in SF-36, grip strength dominant arm and SPPB at the 0.01 significance level. Conclusion The "Atout Ages Mobility" workshops seem to significantly improve gait speed but not other aspects of physical performance or quality of life.

Legrand Florian, Eychene Jean-Marc, Audiffren Julien, Klein Armelle, Labourdette Christophe, Nicolaï Alice, Sandron Frédéric et Vidal Pierre-Paul (2021) « The 5P program, personalized and participatory primary prevention pathway: Rational and design of a clinical trial in general practice », Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 22 (juin), p. 100786. DOI : 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100786. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2451865421000879.

Résumé : The aging of the population is leading to an increase in the number of people with loss of autonomy, placing a strain on the health care system. Its prevention at early stages such as the frailty stage would allow an improvement in the quality of life of seniors while limiting health care expenses. The “Atout Age” prevention program set up by the health public authorities of Reunion Island for retired people and the new frailty assessment tools based on mathematical machine learning algorithms could improve the ambulatory care of senior citizens. At present, referral care remains hospital with comprehensive geriatric assessment and there is a lack of evidence of the effectiveness of a prevention pathway for loss of autonomy in primary care. For these reasons, the 5P program “Personalized and Participative Primary Prevention Pathway” has been started in order to obtain scientific evidence. In this article, we present the objectives, design and first results, used in the 5P program up to the implementation of a clinical trial in general practice. The program is articulated in 3 phases. A first phase to evaluate the acceptability of innovative screening tools for frailty. A second pilot phase evaluates the feasibility of a large-scale ambulatory clinical trial in general practice. The last phase described in this article, is a multisite, pseudo-randomized, controlled clinical trial measuring the impact of the “Atout Age” workshops on the physical performance and the quality of life of seniors compared with their usual ambulatory follow-up.

Leservoisier Olivier (2021) « Recherches au sein de mouvements sociaux de descendants d’esclaves en Mauritanie et d’associations de migrants aux Etats-Unis : conditions et enjeux de la participation » (communication orale), présenté à , Ceped, Paris.

leservoisier Olivier (2021) « Altérités et processus de catégorisation chez les migrants haalpulaaren vivant dans les quartiers afro-américains aux Etats-Unis » (communication orale), présenté à Séminaire organisé par G. Ciarcia sur la notion d’exotisme et ses usages, Campus Condorcet, Aubervilliers.

Lim Jacqueline K., Carabali Mabel, Edwards Tansy, Barro Ahmed, Lee Jung-Seok, Dahourou Desire, Lee Kang Sung, Nikiema Teguewende, Shin Mee Young, Bonnet Emmanuel, Kagone Therese, Kaba Losseni, Namkung Suk, Somé Paul-André, Yang Jae Seung, Ridde Valery, Yoon In-Kyu, Alexander Neal et Seydou Yaro (2021) « Estimating the Force of Infection for Dengue Virus Using Repeated Serosurveys, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso », Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27 (01) (janvier), p. 130-139. DOI : 10.3201/eid2701.191650. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/01/19-1650_article.htm.

Résumé : Because of limited data on dengue virus in Burkina Faso, we conducted 4 consecutive age-stratified longitudinal serologic surveys, ≈6 months apart, among persons 1–55 years of age, during June 2015–March 2017, which included a 2016 outbreak. The seroconversion rate before the serosurvey enrollment was estimated by binomial regression, taking age as the duration of exposure, and assuming constant force of infection (FOI) over age and calendar time. We calculated FOI between consecutive surveys and rate ratios for potentially associated characteristics based on seroconversion using the duration of intervals. Among 2,897 persons at enrollment, 66.3% were IgG-positive, and estimated annual FOI was 5.95%. Of 1,269 enrollees participating in all 4 serosurveys, 438 were IgG-negative at enrollment. The annualized FOI ranged from 10% to 20% (during the 2016 outbreak). Overall, we observed high FOI for dengue. These results could support decision-making about control and preventive measures for dengue.

Louart Sarah, Bonnet Emmanuel, Kadio Kadidiatou et Ridde Valéry (2021) « How could patient navigation help promote health equity in sub-Saharan Africa? A qualitative study among public health experts », Global Health Promotion, 28 (1_suppl) (mars), p. 75-85. DOI : 10.1177/1757975920980723. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1757975920980723.

Résumé : The indigents have long been excluded from health policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite recent efforts by some countries to allow them free access to health services, they face a multitude of non-financial barriers that prevent them from accessing care. Interventions to address the multiple patient-level barriers to care, such as patient navigation interventions, could help reverse this trend. However, our scoping review showed that no navigation interventions in low-income countries targeted the indigents. The objective of this qualitative study is, therefore, to go beyond the lack of evidence and discuss relevant approaches to act in favor of health care equity. We interviewed 22 public health experts with the objective of finding out which actions related to patient navigation programs (identified in the scoping review for other target groups) could be relevant and/or adapted for the indigents. For each ability to access care described by Levesque and colleagues, we were thus able to list the potential opportunities and challenges of implementing each type of action for the indigents in sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, the experts all felt that patient navigation programs were very relevant to implement for the indigents. They emphasized the need for personalized follow-up and for holistic actions to consider the whole context of the situation of indigence. The recommendations made by the experts are valuable in guiding political decision-making, while leaving room for adaptation of the proposed guidelines according to different contexts.

Manac'h Léopoldine (2021) « “Pouvons-nous être amis ?” Nommer la relation entre bénévoles et exilés dans un Prahda », in Les camps de Babel, Inalco, Paris.

Manac'h Léopoldine (2021) « Christophe Broqua (dir.). "Se mobiliser contre le sida en Afrique : sous la santé globale, les luttes associatives", Paris, L’Harmattan, 2018, 372 pages. », Critique Internationale, 90 (1), p. 197-200. DOI : 10.3917/crii.090.0200. http://www.cairn.info/revue-critique-internationale-2021-1-page-197.htm?ref=doi.

Manac'h Léopoldine (2021) « La police des migrants. Filtrer, disperser, harceler », Carnets de géographes - Babels, 15.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Manac'h Léopoldine et Huët Romain (2021) « Les dispositifs d’écoute et la dépolitisation de la souffrance », in De si violentes fatigues. Les devenirs politiques de l’épuisement politique, Paris : PUF. ISBN : 978-2-13-082892-1.

Manac'h Léopoldine et Yahiaoui Amira (2021) « L’enfermement des personnes étrangères en France : une clinique du hors-lieu ? Perspectives comparatives entre psychanalyse et anthropologie », Recherches en psychanalyse, 31.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Manoufi D., Kabore W.C., Yahannon C.N., Dumont Alexandre et Ridde Valery (2021) « Amélioration de l’offre et de la demande de soins de santé maternelle et infantile au Tchad : une étude quasi-expérimentale », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (mai), p. S0398762021002157. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2021.04.137. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0398762021002157.

Martin-Fernandez Judith, Aromatario Olivier, Prigent Ollivier, Porcherie Marion, Ridde Valéry et Cambon Linda (2021) « Evaluation of a knowledge translation strategy to improve policymaking and practices in health promotion and disease prevention setting in French regions: TC-REG, a realist study », BMJ Open, 11 (9), p. e045936. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045936. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045936.

Résumé : Objective This paper presents the results of a realist evaluation of a knowledge translation (KT) intervention implemented in the field of health promotion and disease prevention at the local level in France. Design Realist evaluation study. Setting The target population comprised decision-makers and field professionals working in prevention and public health services operating in regions of France (ie, ARS (Agence Régionale de Santé: regional health agency), IREPS (Instance Régionale d'Education et de Promotion de la Santé pour tous: regional organisation for health promotion and education) and their partners). Participants This evaluation was based on data collected from 2 seminars, 82 interviews, 18 observations and 4 focus groups over 18 months. Intervention The TC-REG intervention aimed to increase the use of evidence in cancer prevention, health promotion and disease prevention across four geographical regions in France. The intervention combined various activities: Supporting access to and adaptation of usable evidence, strengthening professionals’ skills in analysing, adopting and using policy briefs, and facilitating the use of evidence in organisations and processes. Results The collected data was used to define favourable/unfavourable contexts for the use of scientific data and mechanisms to be activated to encourage the use of scientific knowledge. From these raw results eight final refined middle-range theories were defined. Organised around the mechanisms to be activated, these middle-range theories illustrate how to activate knowledge and under what conditions. These analyses provided a basis for the production of seven operational and contextualised recommendations to develop KT to inform regional policymaking regarding health promotion and disease prevention. Conclusion The results obtained from the analyses led us to formulate two perspectives of an operational nature for the benefit of those involved in prevention and health promotion.

Mathevet Isadora, Ost Katarina, Traverson Lola, Zinszer Kate et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Accounting for health inequities in the design of contact tracing interventions: a rapid review », International Journal of Infectious Diseases (mars 11), p. S1201971221002277. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.010. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1201971221002277.

Résumé : Context Contact tracing has been a central COVID-19 transmission control measure. However, without the consideration of the needs of specific populations, public health interventions can exacerbate health inequities. Purpose The purpose of this rapid review was to determine if and how health inequities were included in the design of contact tracing interventions in epidemic settings. Method We conducted a search of the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science. Our inclusion criteria included articles that: (i) described the design of contact tracing interventions, (ii) have been published between 2013 and 2020 in English, French, Spanish, Chinese, or Portuguese, (iii) and included at least 50% of empiricism, according to the Automated Classifier of Texts on Scientific Studies (ATCER) tool. We relied on various tools to extract data. Result Following the titles and abstracts screening of 230 articles, 39 articles met the inclusion criteria. Only seven references were retained after full text review. None of the selected studies considered health inequities in the design of contact tracing interventions. Conclusion The use of tools/concepts for incorporating health inequities, such as the REFLEX-ISS tool, and “proportionate universalism” when designing contact tracing interventions, would enable practitioners, decision makers, and researchers to better consider health inequities.

Mc Sween-Cadieux Esther, Chabot Catherine, Fillol Amandine, Saha Trisha et Dagenais Christian (2021) « Use of infographics as a health-related knowledge translation tool: protocol for a scoping review », BMJ Open, 11 (6) (juin), p. e046117. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046117. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046117.

Résumé : Introduction Efforts to bridge the know–do gap have paved the way for development of the field of knowledge translation (KT). KT aims to understand how evidence use can best be promoted and supported through different activities. For dissemination activities, infographics are gaining in popularity as a promising KT tool to reach multiple health research users (eg, health practitioners, patients and families, decision-makers). However, to our knowledge, no study has yet mapped the available evidence on this tool using a systematic method. This scoping review will explore the depth and breadth of evidence on infographics use and its effectiveness in improving research uptake (eg, raising awareness, influencing attitudes, increasing knowledge, informing practice and changing behaviour). Methods and analysis We will use the scoping review methodological framework first proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), improved by Levac et al , and further refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (2020). The search will be conducted in MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Social Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts, Education Resources Information Center, Cairn and Google Scholar. We will also search for relevant literature from the reference lists of the included publications. Two independent reviewers will select the studies. All study designs will be eligible for inclusion, with no date or publication status restrictions. The included studies will have evaluated infographics that disseminate health research evidence and target a non-scientific audience. A data extraction form will be developed and used to extract and chart the data, which will then be synthesised to present a descriptive summary of the results. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required. To inform the research and KT communities, various dissemination activities will be developed, including user-friendly KT tools (eg, webinars, fact sheets and infographics), open-access publication and presentations at KT events and conferences.

Melchior M., Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Gosselin Anne, Datta G. D., Carabali M., Merckx J. et Kaufman J. S. (2021) « À quand une prise en compte des disparités ethnoraciales vis-à-vis de l’infection à COVID-19 en France ? », Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (février). DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2021.01.006. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0398762021000456.

Mensah Keitly (2021) « Dépistage opportuniste du cancer du col par test HPV dans les pays à faibles et moyens revenus : exemples de la Côte d’Ivoire et du Burkina Faso », Thèse de doctorat en santé publique, Paris : Université Paris Cité.

Résumé : En Afrique subsaharienne, la prévention du cancer du col de l’utérus (CCU) repose essentiellement sur l’inspection visuelle après coloration à l’acide acétique (IVA). Le recours à la détection des papillomavirus humains à haut risque oncogène (test HPV) en première intention pourrait améliorer la performance du dépistage, mais le succès de son introduction dans des systèmes de santé fragiles et en développement reste incertain. L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’évaluer les stratégies de mise en œuvre du dépistage opportuniste par test HPV primaire au sein de trois formations sanitaires : un centre prenant en charge les femmes vivant avec le VIH en Côte d’Ivoire et deux centres de santé primaire à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso. Une recherche formative initiale a été réalisée pour évaluer les freins et les leviers potentiels à la mise en œuvre du test HPV et adapter la stratégie à chaque contexte. Puis une étude hybride multi-sites d’efficacité et de mise en œuvre a été menée afin d’explorer les déterminants de la complétude du dépistage (réalisation d’un test de triage et d’un traitement si nécessaire) et de la satisfaction des participantes à l’égard de leur prise en charge. Une approche mixte quantitative et qualitative a été utilisée. Le dépistage par test HPV a pu être intégré avec succès aux activités de routine des différents centres participants. Le taux de complétude dépassait 80% bien que la prise en charge des femmes non éligibles à un traitement sur place et adressées vers d’autres structures ait été le plus souvent incomplète. Au Burkina Faso, une minorité de femmes a pu être dépistée et traitée le même jour lorsque cela s’avérait nécessaire. Toutefois, la compréhension des informations délivrées par les soignants, l’usage de l’auto-prélèvement ainsi que les temps d’attentes réduits augmentaient la complétude du dépistage et la satisfaction des participantes. En Côte d’Ivoire, toutes les femmes éligibles ont été dépistées et traitées le même jour comme l’exigeait le protocole de recherche. Mais les temps d’attente associés, jugés trop long par les soignants, n’étaient pas compatibles avec une intégration pérenne de ce type de dépistage dans l’offre de soins. Par ailleurs, les patientes étaient d’autant plus satisfaites qu’elles avaient confiance en l’auto-prélèvement et que le diagnostic de séropositivité au VIH était ancien. Les patientes dépistées positives et traitées avaient plus de chance d’être suivie à 12 mois lorsqu’ elles étaient âgées, bien informées et avaient eu une visite intermédiaire. Mais l’annonce du résultat générait parmi les femmes HPV positives une anxiété qui pourrait avoir un impact négatif sur le suivi à un an. Mettre en place un dépistage par test HPV au sein des centres de santé s’avère faisable dans des contextes à ressources limitées. Une approche « dépister et traiter » en deux temps semble la plus adaptée et bien acceptée par les femmes vivant en milieu urbain. Les futurs programmes devraient mettre l’accent sur l’auto-prélèvement, la communication des résultats, la réduction des temps d’attente, l’accompagnement psychologique des femmes dépistées HPV positives et l’intégration du dépistage dans la charge de travail du personnel de santé.

Mensah Keitly, Kaboré Charles, Zeba Salifou, Bouchon Magali, Duchesne Véronique, Pourette Dolorès, DeBeaudrap Pierre et Dumont Alexandre (2021) « Implementation of HPV-based screening in Burkina Faso: lessons learned from the PARACAO hybrid-effectiveness study », BMC Women's Health, 21 (1) (décembre), p. 251. DOI : 10.1186/s12905-021-01392-4. https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-021-01392-4.

Résumé : Abstract Background Cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan countries relies on primary visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Primary human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening is considered a promising alternative. However, the implementation and real-life effectiveness of this strategy at the primary-care level in limited-resource contexts remain under explored. In Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, free HPV-based screening was implemented in 2019 in two primary healthcare centers. We carried out a process and effectiveness evaluation of this intervention. Methods Effectiveness outcomes and implementation indicators were assessed through a cohort study of screened women, observations in participating centers, individual interviews with women and healthcare providers and monitoring reports. Effectiveness outcomes were screening completeness and women’s satisfaction. Logistic regression models and concurrent qualitative analysis explored how implementation variability, acceptability by women and the context affected effectiveness outcomes. Results After a 3-month implementation period, of the 350 women included in the cohort, 94% completed the screening, although only 26% had their screening completed in a single visit as planned in the protocol. The proportion of highly satisfied women was higher after result disclosure (95%) than after sampling (65%). A good understanding of the screening results and recommendations increased screening completeness and women’s satisfaction, while time to result disclosure decreased satisfaction. Adaptations were made to fit healthcare workers’ workload. Conclusion Free HPV-based screening was successfully integrated within primary care in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, leading to a high level of screening completeness despite the frequent use of multiple visits. Future implementation in primary healthcare centers needs to improve counseling and reduce wait times at the various steps of the screening sequence.

Mercier Paul et Copans Jean (2021) Dakar dans les années 1950, 336 p. (Le regard de l'ethnologue). ISBN : 978-2-7355-0924-9. http://cths.fr/ed/edition.php?id=7765#.

Meyer Jean-Baptiste (2021) « La diaspora est-elle (vraiment) un creuset de créativité ? », Hommes & migrations, 1332 (janvier 1), p. 127-133. DOI : 10.4000/hommesmigrations.12269. http://journals.openedition.org/hommesmigrations/12269.

Meyer Jean-Baptiste (2021) Université et durabilité : état de la littérature, Marseille : IRD, 2 p. https://ent.ird.fr/share/proxy/alfresco/slingshot/node/content/workspace/SpacesStore/2136d235-1532-4766-b188-a3dca5f8a057/Science%20de%20la%20durabilit%c3%a9%20R%c3%a9f%c3%a9rences%202%20-%20Universit%c3%a9%20et%20durabilit%c3%a9.pdf.

Publications des membres du Ceped

2021

Flux

Outils internes