Références bibliographiques

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2020) Une guerre perdue : la France au Sahel, Paris : J.C. Lattès, 311 p. (Essais et Documents). ISBN : 978-2-7096-6603-9. http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077657.

Résumé : Janvier 2013 : l'armée française intervient au Mali. C'est sa plus grosse opération militaire à l'étranger depuis la guerre d'Algérie. François Hollande avait pourtant annoncé que la France n'interviendrait pas. L'objectif au départ était seulement d'appuyer une éventuelle opération de paix des Nations-Unies pour rétablir l'ordre. Mais avec la prise par les djihadistes de Tombouctou, de Gao, de Kidal, il faut agir, dit-on, sinon Bamako pourrait tomber. Tout le "Sahélistan" serait aux mains des fous de Dieu. La France est alors la seule à intervenir. L'auteur, chercheur, spécialiste des questions africaines et du djihadisme, écoute les partisans de l'opération Serval, les déclarations d'intention qui balaient toute critique. Il suit le déroulement de l'opération : l'intervention aurait dû être le déroulement de l'opération : l'intervention aurait dû être courte, elle s'éternise et avec des effets dévastateurs. Les mouvances djihadistes ont étendu leurs actions, les violences intercommunautaires se sont multipliées. Un livre passionnant sur une guerre lointaine où la France joue un rôle majeur. Un chercheur renommé qui refuse le silence et les mensonges sur ce que fait la France et au nom de quoi elle le fait.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2020) « Boko Haram : un cas d’école de l’échec de l’islam politique au Nigeria », Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines (avril 28), p. 1-18. DOI : 10.1080/00083968.2019.1700141. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00083968.2019.1700141.

Résumé : This article analyses some of the reasons why Boko Haram proved unable to govern the territories it was able to control before its allegiance to the Islamic State and its withdrawal into the Lake Chad wetlands in 2015. The group's political failure is not limited to its fragmentation, its criminalisation, its lack of qualified professionals and the inadequacy of a 'low cost' insurgency. Indeed, the predatory character of the sect is both a cause and a symptom of its disorganisation and inability to govern. Claiming the legitimacy of the jihad of Ousmane dan Fodio in Sokoto, the movement never sought to resuscitate the Borno Empire to raise taxes and dispense very rudimentary justice. Thus, the case of Boko Haram demonstrates in its own way the failure of political Islamand attempts to extend the scope of Sharia law in Nigeria since the end of the military dictatorship in 1999.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2020) « "Horn, Sahel and Rift : faultlines, of the African Jihad". - Hansen, Stig Jarle, London, Hurst [Compte rendu de lecture] », Small Wars and Insurgencies, 31, p. 204–208. DOI : 10.1080/09592318.2020.1672977. http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077400.

Mots-clés : AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE.

Perouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2020) « Des frontières et des passoires : le "Sahelistan" à l'épreuve du récit de la globalisation », p. 65. https://hal.science/hal-04010020.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Petersen Maya, Larmarange Joseph, Wirth Kathleen E, Skalland Timothy, Ayles Helen, Kamya Moses, Lockman Shahin, Iwuji Collins, Dabis François, Makhema Joseph, Havlir Diane, Floyd Sian, Hayes Richard et UT3C Consortium (2020) « Population-level Viremia Predicts HIV Incidence across the Universal Test and Treat Studies » (communication orale), présenté à Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunitic Infections (CROI), Boston. http://www.croiconference.org/sessions/population-level-viremia-predicts-hiv-incidence-across-universal-test-treat-studies.

Résumé : Improved understanding of the extent to which increased population-level viral suppression will reduce HIV incidence is needed. Using data from four large Universal Test and Treat Trials, we evaluated the relationship between viremia and incidence and its consistency across epidemic contexts. We analyzed data from 105 communities in the PopART (21 communities in South Africa and Zambia, ~ 25,000 adults each), BCPP (30 communities in Botswana, ~3,600 adults each), ANRS 12249 TasP (22 communities in South Africa, ~1,300 adults each) and SEARCH (32 communities in Uganda and Kenya, ~5,000 adults each) studies. Communities ranged from rural to urban and varied in the mobility of their populations and their sex ratio (~30% to 50% male). HIV incidence was measured via repeat testing between 2012-2018. Population viremia – % of all adults (HIV+ or HIV-) with HIV viremia – was estimated at midpoint of follow-up based on HIV prevalence and non-suppression among HIV+, with adjustment for differences between the measurement cohort and underlying population. Community-level regression, adjusted for study, was used to quantify the association between HIV incidence and viremia and to evaluate cross-study heterogeneity. HIV prevalence (measured in 257,929 total persons, PopART: 37,006; BCPP: 12,570; TasP: 20,978; SEARCH: 187,375), ranged from 2% to 40% by community. Non-suppression among HIV+ (measured in 39,928 persons, PopART: 6,233; BCPP: 2,318; TasP: 6,617; SEARCH: 16,209) ranged from 3% to 70%. HIV incidence (measured over 345,844 person-years, PopART: 39,702; BCPP: 8,551; TasP: 26,832; SEARCH: 270,759) ranged from 0.03 to 3.4 per 100PY. Population-level viremia was strongly associated with HIV incidence; pooling across studies, HIV incidence decreased by 0.07/100PY (95% CI: 0.05,0.10, p<0.001) for each 1% absolute decrease in viremia. Incidence was significantly associated with viremia in each study; however, both strength of the incidence-viremia relationship (slope) and projected incidence at 0% viremia (intercept) differed (Figure). Lower population-level HIV viremia was associated with lower HIV incidence in all four Universal Test and Treat Studies, conducted in a wide range of epidemic contexts in sub-Saharan Africa. Differences in external infection rate (due to variation in community size, mobility, and sex ratio) may have contributed to heterogeneity between studies.

Petit Véronique (2020) « Les enjeux du financement de la santé mentale en Afrique », Journée scientifique présenté à Journée mondiale de la santé mentale, octobre 10, Ministère de l'Action Sociale et de la Santé.

Petit Véronique (2020) « « Tu peux être en vie et déjà mort » : le quotidien ordinaire d’une personne atteinte de troubles psychiques au Sénégal », Politique Africaine, 1 (157), p. 39-69. DOI : 10.3917/polaf.157.0039. https://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-africaine-2020-1-page-39.htm.

Résumé : Cet article propose une ethnographie de la vie quotidienne d’une personne atteinte de troubles psychiques et de la manière dont l’aspect chronique de la maladie mentale affecte les dynamiques familiales au sein d’un espace domestique marqué par l’économie morale. La mise en intrigue de cette vie ordinaire à travers les discours révèle les positionnements, les attentes et les ajustements des acteurs les uns aux autres, avec les tensions, les violences symboliques et les émotions qu’ils impliquent.

Petit Véronique (2020) « Mobilités, migrations et pandémie Covid-19 en Afrique : nouvelles tendances ou nouveaux enjeux ? », Conférence d'ouverture du colloque présenté à Colloque Mobilités en Afrique de l'Ouest : Peuplement, territoires intégration régionale, décembre 9, Université Assane Seck, Ziguinchor, Sénégal.

Petit Véronique (2020) « An Anthropological Demography of Mental Health in Senegal », in The Anthropological Demography of Health, éd. par Véronique Petit, Kaveri Qureshi, Yves Charbit, et Philip Kreager, Oxford : Oxford University Press, p. 153-182. ISBN : 978-0-19-886243-7.

Résumé : This chapter stems from ongoing field research on mental health in Senegal, an African country in the midst of an epidemiological transition. While mental health has been integrated into global health and sustainable development objectives, it is not a priority in sub-Saharan Africa. Few states have a mental health policy, nor specific programmes and data on the situation of mentally ill people and their families. From the time of the French colonization, Senegal has developed an original strand of psychiatric intervention, the Fann School of Cultural Psychiatry. The current supply of psychiatric care takes place in the multi-therapeutic context of this ethnically and religiously diverse society. The therapeutic pathways of patients are analysed in terms of stigmatization, relationships between patients and healers, socio-economic inequalities, poverty, and the absence of universal medical coverage for the entire population. To understand adherence to psychiatric treatment, one must take into account the family and social dynamics at work in a society increasingly marked by individuation processes and globalization through international migration. In attending to the subtleties of care as conceived by sufferers’ families and social networks, the chapter points to multiple layers of the demographic governance of mental ill health, from the state to local kin and social groups.

Petit Véronique et Robin Nelly (2020) « Les circulations transnationales, un des éléments-clés de la gestion de la crise du coronavirus en Afrique », Le Monde afrique, juin 2. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/02/les-circulations-transnationales-un-des-elements-cles-de-la-gestion-de-la-crise-du-coronavirus-en-afrique_6041551_3212.html.

Petit Véronique et Robin Nelly (2020) « Covid-19 et migrations en Afrique : la réduction des mobilités, une riposte efficace ? », The Conversation, mai 31. https://theconversation.com/covid-19-et-migrations-en-afrique-la-reduction-des-mobilites-une-riposte-efficace-139283.

Résumé : Les circulations transnationales constituent l’un des éléments clés de la gestion de la crise du Covid-19 en Afrique. Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse cartographique de l’origine des premiers cas détectés dans les pays africains et des enjeux de la fermeture des frontières dans un environnement de fortes mobilités.

Petitprez K., Guillaume S., Mattuizzi A., Arnal M., Artzner F., Bernard C., Bonnin M., Bouvet L., Caron F.-M., Chevalier I., Daussy-Urvoy C., Ducloy-Bouthorsc A.-S., Garnier J.-M., Keita-Meyer H., Lavillonnière J., Lejeune-Sadaa V., Leray C., Morandeau A., Morau E., Nadjafizade M., Pizzagalli F., Schantz Clémence, Schmitz T., Shojai R., Hédon B. et Sentilhes L. (2020) « Accouchement normal : accompagnement de la physiologie et interventions médicales. Recommandations de la Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) avec la collaboration du Collège National des Gynécologues Obstétriciens Français (CNGOF) et du Collège National des Sages-Femmes de France (CNSF) – Texte des recommandations (texte court) », Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie, 48 (12) (décembre), p. 873-882. DOI : 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.09.013. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2468718920302701.

Pilon Marc et Pison Gilles (2020) « Quelles perspectives démographiques pour l'Afrique au XXIe siècle ? », in Prospectives du développement (coord Jean-Jacques Gabas, Marc Lautier, Michel Vernières), Paris : Karthala, p. 99-119. ISBN : 978-2-8111-2810-4.

Pirela Arnoldo (2020) « Petroleum geopolitics and authoritarianism in Latin America and the Caribbean: the case of Venezuela », Caravelle, 115, p. 59-73. DOI : en.

Résumé : This paper focuses on the armed conflicts in Central America in the late 70s and 80s, as they relate to the so-called "turn to the left", which began with Hugo Chavez in 1999. It suggests a reading based on the economic and political history of Venezuela, taking into consideration its development strategy of using oil revenues to break tax dependency from oil. It is in fact the story of a mainly pragmatic nationalism with a social democratic orientation that completes a virtuous circle by the oil industry nationalization in 1976, only to find itself trapped in the limitations of its conflicting strategy; and, with the turn of the century, leading the country into the hands of a successful convergence operation between the traditional authoritarianism of military lodges and the totalitarianism of Soviet-cuban inspiration.

Mots-clés : ⚠️ Invalid DOI.

Pourette Dolorès, Andrianantoandro T V, Rakotoarimanana F M J, Razakamanana M, Rakotomalala O et Ramiaramanana J (2020) « Use of healthcare services at time of delivery: a prospective community based study in Madagascar », European Journal of Public Health, 30 (Supplement_5) (septembre 1), p. ckaa166.908. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.908. https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.908/5915795.

Résumé : Abstract Background Maternal mortality remains high in Madagascar (478 deaths per 100,000 live births) and more than 60% of birth are not assisted by professional health workers. This study aimed to determine factors that influence choices of delivery place in two municipalities of Vakinakaratra region. Methods This was a prospective study. 245 pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy were included and surveyed during Oct-Nov 2016. The same women were re-surveyed 3 months or more after their respective deliveries (June-July 2017). Binary logistic regression was used and the analysis were supported by qualitative interviews conducted with 35 women from the sample, 7 community health workers, 5 professionals health workers and 15 traditional healers and traditional births attendants or 'reninjaza'. Results Overall, 91.8 % of women intended to give birth at health facilities. The reasons given are the quality of services and the medical support in case of complications, the registration of birth and the referrals and encouragement from reninjaza. However, out of 229 mothers interviewed after delivery, only 60.7% gave birth in a health facility. Educated mothers were ORa=6.6 (p < 0.001) times more likely to deliver at health facility and mothers with at least 4 births are ORa=0.17 (p < 0.01) times less likely to do it. The qualitative analysis highlights the cost (logistics and care) as well as the fear of caesarean sections as a brake on childbirth in a health facility. The distance from the health center and the lack of preparation to travel there were also identified. Decisions at the time of childbirth come under the close family. Conclusions Use of maternity services remains low. The implementation of free delivery care policies, formalizing the collaboration between reninjaza and health workers and raising awareness among close family should improve the access to healthcare. Key messages Collaborations between health workers and traditional healers should be formalized. The close family of pregnant women (spouse, mother, mother-in-law) should be the target of awareness raising strategies.

Pourette Dolorès, Andrianantoandro Tantely, Rakotoarimanana Feno, Rakotomalala, Olivier et Razakamanana Marilys (2020) « Use of healthcare services at time of delivery: a prospective community based study in Madagascar » (poster DQ 69), présenté à 16th World Congress on Public Health 2020, Rome (virtual).

Pourette, Dolorès, Rakotomalala, Olivier et Mattern, Chiarella (2020) « Donner naissance à Madagascar. Articulation des recours « traditionnels » et biomédicaux autour de la naissance », in Naître et grandir. Normes du Sud, du Nord, d’hier et d’aujourd’hui, éd. par Laurence Pourchez, Paris : Editions des archives contemporaines, p. 61-67. ISBN : 978-2-8130-0261-7. https://doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813002617.

Prigent Steven (2020) Les Vagabonds et la dette. L'éducation au Cambodge en milieu rural, Les Indes Savantes, 192 p. (Etudes Asie). ISBN : 2-84654-545-6.

Résumé : Cet ouvrage, fondé sur une série d'enquêtes menées dans un village de la province de Kompong Cham entre 2008 et 2016, porte sur l'éducation des enfants dans le Cambodge rural contemporain. Quel « sentiment de l'enfance » partagent ces familles de riziculteurs ? Quelles théories et pratiques éducatives ont cours dans les maisons, les monastères et les salles de classes ? Quelle vie sociale déploient les garçons et les filles sur les chemins du village, dans la cour de récréation ou à travers champs ? Ancrée dans l'anthropologie de l'ordinaire, cette étude vise à traduire l'économie morale de l'éducation partagée par les paysans khmers et s'organise autour du problème du « vagabondage » des enfants. Ce livre interroge également le devenir des enfants du village en étudiant le parcours de leurs frères et sœurs aînés, dont la grande majorité a quitté l'école avant la fin du collège pour privilégier le salariat non qualifié. Les usines de confection et les chantiers de construction, les petits emplois de service, l'espoir de migration ouvrière en Corée du sud, le travail féminin dans les bars et la vie monastique concernent aujourd'hui une large frange de la jeune génération paysanne cambodgienne, outre l'activité de riziculture.

Prigent Steven et Diepart Jean-Christophe (2020) « Cambodge. Une souveraineté sous tension », in L’Asie du sud-est 2020. Bilan, enjeux et perspectives (dir. Claire Thi-Liên Tran et Christine Cabasset), Bangkok : IRASEC, Institut de Recherches sur l'Asie du sud-est contemporaine/Les Indes savantes, p. 183-204.

Quet Mathieu et Dahdah Marine Al (2020) « Technologies Without Borders? The Digitization of Society in a Postcolonial World », Science, Technology and Society, 25 (3), p. 363-367. DOI : 10.1177/0971721820912894. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971721820912894.

Raberahona Mihaja, Monge François, Andrianiaina Rijasoa Harivelo, Randria Mamy Jean de Dieu, Ratefiharimanana Andosoa, Rakatoarivelo Rivo Andry, Randrianary Lanto, Randriamilahatra Emma, Rakotobe Liva, Mattern Chiarella, Andriananja Volatiana, Rajaonarison Hobimahanina, Randrianarisoa Mirella, Rakotomanana Elliott, Pourette Dolorès, Andriamahenina Hery Zo, Dezé Charlotte, Boukli Narjis, Baril Laurence et Vallès Xavier (2020) « Is Madagascar at the edge of a generalised HIV epidemic? Situational analysis », Sexually Transmitted Infections (mai 18). DOI : 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054254. https://sti.bmj.com/content/early/2020/05/17/sextrans-2019-054254.

Résumé : Objectives To describe the epidemiological situation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and to identify the main drivers for vulnerability in Madagascar. Design Literature review, qualitative research and situational analysis. Data sources Search of electronic bibliographic databases, national repositories of documentation from 1998 to 2018. Search keywords included Madagascar, HIV, sexually transmitted infections, men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers (SWs), transactional sex (TS), injecting drug users (IDUs), vulnerability and sexual behaviour. Qualitative sources were interviews and focus group discussions. Review methods Studies focused on HIV and/or vulnerability of HIV in Madagascar in general, and key populations (KPs) and HIV/AIDS response were taken into account. National reports from key HIV response actors were included. Results Madagascar is characterised by a low HIV/AIDS epidemic profile in the general population (GP) (0.3%) combined with a high prevalence of HIV among KPs (SWs, MSM and IDUs).An increase in HIV prevalence among KP has been observed during recent years. Hospital-based data suggest an increase in HIV prevalence among the GP. The vulnerability traits are inconsistent use of condoms, multipartner relationships and other contextual factors like widespread TS and gender inequality. A high prevalence/incidence of sexually transmitted infections could indicate a high vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. However, there are no reports of HIV prevalence of >1% in antenatal consultation. Conclusion There is not enough evidence to make a conclusion about the HIV epidemiological situation in Madagascar due to the scarcity of the epidemiological data. However, Madagascar may be closer to a turning point towards a high-prevalence epidemic with severe consequences, particularly when taking into account its socioeconomical fragility and underlying vulnerabilities. More precise epidemiological data and improved HIV/AIDS diagnosis and case management should be a public health priority.

Mots-clés : Africa, AIDS, HIV.

PubMed entry

Rahm Laura (2020) Gender-biased sex selection in South Korea, India and Vietnam: assessing the influence of public policy, Cham : Springer, Cham, 340 p. ISBN : 978-3-030-20233-0.

Résumé : "This book provides an...analysis of the influence of public policy on sex selection. Three Asian countries were chosen for the comparative policy analysis, namely South Korea, India and Vietnam that share in common a historical legacy of son preference, high levels of sex imbalances and active policy response to curbing the growing demographic masculinization of their nations. The research based on the data collected from field work in the three countries shows that despite the adoption of very similar anti-sex selection policies the outcomes have been markedly different for each of the three countries. These unexpected diverse outcomes are explained partly by their different historical and cultural contexts, and partly to the different social, political and economic institutions and dynamics. This monograph offers...explanations of both within and across country diversities in policy outcomes, pointing to the importance and the limits of cross-national policy learning and adoption, and raising questions about the efficacy of international organizations' current approaches to global policy and knowledge transfer."--

Rajan Dheepa, Koch Kira, Rohrer Katja, Bajnoczki Csongor, Socha Anna, Voss Maike, Nicod Marjolaine, Ridde Valery et Koonin Justin (2020) « Governance of the Covid-19 response: a call for more inclusive and transparent decision-making », BMJ Global Health, 5 (5) (mai), p. e002655. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002655. http://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002655.

Résumé : Not all countries make their Covid-19 task force membership list public—the available information varies by country. There is currently a predominance of politicians, virologists and epidemiologists in the Covid-19 response at the country level. Experts on non-Covid-19 health, social and societal consequences of Covid-19 response measures are, for the most part, not included in Covid-19 decision-making bodies. There is little transparency regarding whom decision-making bodies are consulting as their source of advice and information. From the available data on Covid-19 decision-making entities, female representation is particularly paltry. In addition, civil society is hardly involved in national government decision-making nor its response efforts, barring some exceptions. We need to be more inclusive and multidisciplinary: the Covid-19 crisis is not simply a health problem but a societal one—it impacts every single person in society one way or another. Decision makers need to address more systematically the suffering from mental illness exacerbations, domestic violence, child abuse, child development delays, chronic diseases and so on, during lockdown.

Ratovoson Rila, Kunkel Amber, Rakotovao Jean Pierre, Pourette Dolores, Mattern Chiarella, Andriamiadana Jocelyne, Harimanana Aina et Piola Patrice (2020) « Frequency, risk factors, and complications of induced abortion in ten districts of Madagascar: results from a cross-sectional household survey », BMC Women's Health, 20 (1) (mai 6). DOI : 10.1186/s12905-020-00962-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32375746/.

Résumé : Madagascar has restrictive abortion laws with no explicit exception to preserve the woman’s life. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of abortion in the country and examine the methods, consequences, and risk factors of these abortions.

Ravaoarisoa Lantonirina, Razafimahatratra Mamy Jean Jacques, Rakotondratsara Mamy Andrianirina, Pourette Dolorès, Rakotonirina Julio et Rakotomanga Jean de Dieu Marie (2020) « Appréciation des interventions de lutte contre la malnutrition maternelle par la population à Madagascar », Sante Publique, Vol. 32 (1) (juin 29), p. 113-122. DOI : 10.3917/spub.201.0113. https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2020-1-page-113.htm.

Résumé : Madagascar has adopted strategies to fight against maternal malnutrition, but the evaluation of their implementation is not effective. Purpose of research: The present study aims to describe beneficiary appreciation of interventions to fight maternal malnutrition and to identify their expectations. Method: A qualitative study was conducted in the Amoron'i Mania region, Madagascar. The study included mothers of children under 5, pregnant women, and other family members and community members (fathers, grandmothers, matrons and community workers). Six focus groups and 16 individual interviews were conducted to collect the data. The thematic analysis was used. Results: Food supplementation, improved production of agriculture and livestock, and nutrition education, operated by NGOs, are the best-known interventions. The health centers were not mentioned as interveners and their interventions were ignored. The effectiveness of the intervention is generally judged on the benefits perceived by the beneficiaries. Interveners working on a project basis were assessed as unsustainable. Two main problems were mentioned: first, the insufficiency of agricultural production resulting in the inaccessibility of the ingredients required for the nutrition education, and second the low coverage of the interventions. The improvement of agricultural production is the main suggestion mentioned to fight against maternal undernutrition. Conclusions: Beneficiaries thought that existing interventions in the region are insufficient to address the problem of malnutrition among mothers.

Ravit Marion, Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Audibert Martine, Ridde Valéry, Bonnet Emmanuel, Raffalli Bertille, Roy Flore-Apolline, N’Landu Anais et Dumont Alexandre (2020) « The impact of the obstetrical risk insurance scheme in Mauritania on maternal healthcare utilization: a propensity score matching analysis », Health Policy and Planning, 35 (4) (janvier 31). DOI : 10.1093/heapol/czz150. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/advance-article/doi/10.1093/heapol/czz150/5718854.

Résumé : In Mauritania, obstetrical risk insurance (ORI) has been progressively implemented at the health district level since 2002 and was available in 25% of public healthcare facilities in 2015. The ORI scheme is based on pre-payment scheme principles and focuses on increasing the quality of and access to both maternal and perinatal healthcare. Compared with many community-based health insurance schemes, the ORI scheme is original because it is not based on risk pooling. For a pre-payment of 16–18 USD, women are covered during their pregnancy for antenatal care, skilled delivery, emergency obstetrical care [including caesarean section (C-section) and transfer] and a postnatal visit. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of ORI enrolment on maternal and child health services using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in 2015. A total of 4172 women who delivered within the last 2 years before the interview were analysed. The effect of ORI enrolment on the outcomes was estimated using a propensity score matching estimation method. Fifty-eight per cent of the studied women were aware of ORI, and among these women, more than two-thirds were enrolled. ORI had a beneficial effect among the enrolled women by increasing the probability of having at least one prenatal visit by 13%, the probability of having four or more visits by 11% and the probability of giving birth at a healthcare facility by 15%. However, we found no effect on postnatal care (PNC), C-section rates or neonatal mortality. This study provides evidence that a voluntary pre-payment scheme focusing on pregnant women improves healthcare services utilization during pregnancy and delivery. However, no effect was found on PNC or neonatal mortality. Some efforts should be exerted to improve communication and accessibility to ORI. Maternal health, neonatal mortality, pre-payment scheme, universal health coverage, Mauritania, Sub-Saharan Africa Topic: pregnancycesarean sectionhealth care facilityinsurancemauritaniamotherspostnatal careobstetricsprenatal careneonatal mortalityhealth care usemalnutrition-inflammation-cachexia syndrome

Texte intégral 450.4 kio (source)

Rey Matthieu et Elvira Laura Ruiz de (2020) « Struggles of Meaning, Frames, and Lexical Grammar in Revolutionary Syria (2011-2012) », Cultures & conflits, 117 (juillet 1), p. 11. DOI : 10.4000/conflits.21372. https://hal.science/hal-04151920.

Snapshot (source)

Rey Matthieu et Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2020) « Luttes de sens, cadrages et grammaire lexicale en contexte révolutionnaire. Le cas de la Syrie (2011-2012) », Cultures & conflits, 117 (juillet 1), p. 11-33. DOI : 10.4000/conflits.21372. http://journals.openedition.org/conflits/21372.

Résumé : Le combat entre le régime syrien et ses opposants s’est en partie joué sur un plan interprétatif et discursif. Loin d’être anodins, les termes et les expressions employés, ainsi que les cadrages des événements proposés par les différents acteurs de la crise révolutionnaire, sont porteurs de significations sociales et politiques situées. L’objectif de cet article est de les analyser en contextualisant les moments de leur émergence et en évoquant l’imaginaire collectif avec lesquels ils font résonance. Il montre tout d’abord la forte prégnance du local, malgré le travail d’alignement permanent qui cherche à les unifier et les universaliser ; ensuite, leur résonance avec des récits historiques qui facilitent leur diffusion et les inscrivent dans la longue durée ; enfin, leur articulation avec une réalité du terrain changeante. La production langagière des acteurs de la crise participe ainsi à la construction de cette dernière pour en devenir une partie constitutive fondamentale. Mots-clés : luttes de sens, cadrages, grammaire lexicale, crise révolutionnaire, Syrie, 2011-2012 Keywords : giving meaning, framing, lexical grammar, revolutionary crisis, Syria, 2011-2012

Rice Benjamin L., Annapragada Akshaya, Baker Rachel E., Bruijning Marjolein, Dotse-Gborgbortsi Winfred, Mensah Keitly, Miller Ian F., Motaze Nkengafac Villyen, Raherinandrasana Antso, Rajeev Malavika, Rakotonirina Julio, Ramiadantsoa Tanjona, Rasambainarivo Fidisoa, Chen Wei-yu, Grenfell Bryan T., Tatem Andrew J. et Metcalf C. Jessica E. (2020) « High variation expected in the pace and burden of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks across sub-Saharan Africa », Medrxiv : the Preprint Server For Health Sciences (juillet 29). DOI : 10.1101/2020.07.23.20161208. https://hal.science/hal-04149495.

Résumé : A surprising feature of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to date is the low burdens reported in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries relative to other global regions. Potential explanations (e.g., warmer environments(1), younger populations(2-4)) have yet to be framed within a comprehensive analysis accounting for factors that may offset the effects of climate and demography. Here, we synthesize factors hypothesized to shape the pace of this pandemic and its burden as it moves across SSA, encompassing demographic, comorbidity, climatic, healthcare and intervention capacity, and human mobility dimensions of risk. We find large scale diversity in probable drivers, such that outcomes are likely to be highly variable among SSA countries. While simulation shows that extensive climatic variation among SSA population centers has little effect on early outbreak trajectories, heterogeneity in connectivity is likely to play a large role in shaping the pace of viral spread. The prolonged, asynchronous outbreaks expected in weakly connected settings may result in extended stress to health systems. In addition, the observed variability in comorbidities and access to care will likely modulate the severity of infection: We show that even small shifts in the infection fatality ratio towards younger ages, which are likely in high risk settings, can eliminate the protective effect of younger populations. We highlight countries with elevated risk of ’slow pace’, high burden outbreaks. Empirical data on the spatial extent of outbreaks within SSA countries, their patterns in severity over age, and the relationship between epidemic pace and health system disruptions are urgently needed to guide efforts to mitigate the high burden scenarios explored here.

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Ridde Valéry, Aho Joséphine, Ndao Elhadji Malick, Benoit Magalie, Hanley Jill, Lagrange Solène, Fillol Amandine, Raynault Marie-France et Cloos Patrick (2020) « Unmet healthcare needs among migrants without medical insurance in Montreal, Canada », Global Public Health (mai 27), p. 1-14. DOI : 10.1080/17441692.2020.1771396. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17441692.2020.1771396.

Résumé : While access to healthcare for permanent residents in Canada is well known, this is not the case for migrants without healthcare coverage. This is the first large-scale study that examines the unmet healthcare needs of migrants without healthcare coverage in Montreal. 806 participants were recruited: 436 in the community and 370 at the NGO clinic. Proportions of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were similar (68.4% vs. 69.8%).The main reason invoked for these unmet needs was lacking money (80.6%). Situations of not working or studying, not having had enough food in the past 12 months, not having a medical prescription to get medication and having had a workplace injury were all significantly associated with higher odds of having unmet healthcare needs. Unmet healthcare needs were more frequent among migrants without healthcare coverage than among recent immigrants or the citizens with health healthcare coverage (69%, 26%, 16%). Canada must take measures to enable these individuals to have access to healthcare according to their needs in order to reduce the risk of worsening their health status, something that may have an impact on the healthcare system and population health. The Government of Quebec announced that all individuals without any healthcare coverage will have access to COVID-19 related health care. We hope that this right, the application of which is not yet obvious, can continue after the pandemic for all health care.

Note

Ridde Valéry et Ba Mame-Penda (2020) « La pandémie du Covid-19 vue d'Afrique », Article Opinion Commentaire (AOC), avril 26. https://aoc.media/analyse/2020/04/26/la-pandemie-du-covid-19-vue-dafrique/.

Résumé : Si la situation sanitaire en Afrique inquiète de plus en plus, il est difficile d’en avoir une vision claire. Comment les différents pays du continent réagissent-ils à la pandémie ? Quels enseignements ont-ils tiré de l’épidémie d’Ebola ? Les systèmes sanitaires africains sont souvent défaillants et le risque d’une sous-estimation des cas patent, mais la solidarité à toutes les échelles du continent dessine l’espoir du moindre mal.

Ridde Valéry, Dabiré Solange et Dagenais Christian (2020) « L’utilisation de la recherche par les ONG : un appel à actions et à réflexions », Alternatives Humanitaires, 13 (mars 18), p. 86-101. http://alternatives-humanitaires.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AH_N13_5_Innovations_Ridde_VFR.pdf.

Résumé : Les auteurs rappellent l’importance de tenir compte des résultats de recherche pour les interventions des ONG et montrent les défis techniques et politiques que cela pose. Ils suggèrent plusieurs démarches favorables à la prise en compte des recherches, tout en expliquant que l’on manque encore de connaissances et d’actions à ce propos. Ainsi, ce texte brosse un portrait succinct de l’état de la question pour suggérer la participation en 2021 à un possible dossier d’Alternatives Humanitaires centré sur le transfert des connaissances par les ONG.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Ridde Valéry, Pérez Dennis et Robert Emilie (2020) « Using implementation science theories and frameworks in global health », BMJ Global Health, 5 (4) (avril), p. e002269. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002269. http://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002269.

Résumé : In global health, researchers and decision makers, many of whom have medical, epidemiology or biostatistics background, are increasingly interested in evaluating the implementation of health interventions. Implementation science, particularly for the study of public policies, has existed since at least the 1930s. This science makes compelling use of explicit theories and analytic frameworks that ensure research quality and rigour. Our objective is to inform researchers and decision makers who are not familiar with this research branch about these theories and analytic frameworks. We define four models of causation used in implementation science: intervention theory, frameworks, middle-range theory and grand theory. We then explain how scientists apply these models for three main implementation studies: fidelity assessment, process evaluation and complex evaluation. For each study, we provide concrete examples from research in Cuba and Africa to better understand the implementation of health interventions in global health context. Global health researchers and decision makers with a quantitative background will not become implementation scientists after reading this article. However, we believe they will be more aware of the need for rigorous implementation evaluations of global health interventions, alongside impact evaluations, and in collaboration with social scientists.

Rikap Cecilia (2020) « Amazon: A story of accumulation through intellectual rentiership and predation », Competition & Change (juin 17), p. 102452942093241. DOI : 10.1177/1024529420932418. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1024529420932418.

Résumé : This article elaborates on intellectual monopoly theory as a form of predation and rentiership using Amazon as a case study. By analysing Amazon's financial statements, scientific publications and patents, we show that Amazon's economic power heavily relies on its systematic innovations and capacity to centralize and analyse customized data that orients its business and innovations. We demonstrate how Amazon's innovation activities have evolved over time with growing importance of technologies related to data and machine learning. We also map Amazon's innovation networks with academic institutions and companies. We show how Amazon appropriates intellectual rents from these networks and from technological cooperation with other intellectual monopolies. We argue that Amazon, as other data-driven monopolies, predates value from suppliers and third-party companies participating in its platform. One striking characteristic of Amazon is the low rate of reported profits. The centrality of innovations leads us to suggest an alternative calculation that shows that Amazon's profits are not as low as they appear in Annual Reports. We also argue that lower profits are coherent with Amazon's rentiership and predatory strategy since they contribute to the avoidance of accusations of excessive market power. Finally, the paper offers preliminary observations on: (i) the complementarities between financial and intellectual rentierism and (ii) how data-driven intellectual monopoly expands big corporations' political power. Going beyond the specific case of Amazon, we thus contribute to a better understanding of the role of lead firms and power dynamics within innovation networks.

Rikap Cecilia et Flacher David (2020) « Who collects intellectual rents from knowledge and innovation hubs? questioning the sustainability of the singapore model », Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 55 (décembre), p. 59-73. DOI : 10.1016/j.strueco.2020.06.004. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0954349X20303763.

Résumé : While knowledge and innovation are produced in networks involving diverse actors, associated rents are greatly appropriated by global leaders, mostly coming from core countries, that become intellectual monopolies. This raises the question on emerging or peripheral countries companies' capacity to catch-up, innovate and compete for intellectual rents. The article considers the case of Singapore who has pursued a knowledge hub strategy aimed at: 1) creating world class universities inserted in global knowledge networks of defined fields; and 2) capturing intellectual rents through those institutions' research and contributing to local firms' catching up. We show that research universities caught-up. However, we find that foreign companies, particularly multinationals, capture most of Singapore's intellectual rents at the expense of local companies and research institutions. Overall, our findings point to the limitations of Singapore's knowledge hub as a catching-up strategy. The article ends discussing the relevancy of these findings for emerging countries in general.

Rikap Cecilia et Lundvall Bengt-Åke (2020) « Big tech, knowledge predation and the implications for development », Innovation and Development (décembre 7), p. 1-28. DOI : 10.1080/2157930X.2020.1855825. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2157930X.2020.1855825.

Résumé : This paper focuses on tech giants as active drivers of a phase of globalization characterized by growth in digital services trade combined with a general shift to intangible assets. By analysing how Google, Amazon and Microsoft organize their innovation activities, we show that they continuously monopolize knowledge while outsourcing innovation steps to other firms and research institutions. The paper compares science and technology collaborations with patent co-ownership suggesting knowledge predation from those other organizations. We also highlight that selected tech giants combine the collection of innovation rents with rents from exclusive access to data. We, therefore, refer to tech giants as data-driven intellectual monopolies, each organizing and controlling a global corporate innovation system (CIS). Intellectual monopolies predate knowledge (including data when they are data-driven) from their CIS that they turn into intangible assets. The paper ends with reflections on the implications for innovation and development.

Robert Emilie, Rajan Dheepa, Koch Kira, Muggleworth Weaver Alyssa, Porignon Denis et Ridde Valery (2020) « Policy dialogue as a collaborative tool for multistakeholder health governance: a scoping study », BMJ Global Health, 4 (Suppl 7) (avril), p. e002161. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002161. http://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002161.

Résumé : Introduction Health system governance is the cornerstone of performant, equitable and sustainable health systems aiming towards universal health coverage. Global health actors have increasingly been using policy dialogue (PD) as a governance tool to engage with both state and non-state stakeholders. Despite attempts to frame PD practices, it remains a catch-all term for both health systems professionals and researchers. Method We conducted a scoping study on PD. We identified 25 articles published in English between 1985 and 2017 and 10 grey literature publications. The analysis was guided by the following questions: (1) How do the authors define PD? (2) What do we learn about PD practices and implementation factors? (3) What are the specificities of PD in low-income and middle-income countries? Results The analysis highlighted three definitions of policy dialogue: a knowledge exchange and translation platform, a mode of governance and an instrument for negotiating international development aid. Success factors include the participants’ continued and sustained engagement throughout all the relevant stages, their ability to make a constructive contribution to the discussions while being truly representative of their organisation and their high interest and stake in the subject. Prerequisites to ensuring that participants remained engaged were a clear process, a shared understanding of the goals at all levels of the PD and a PD approach consistent with the PD objective. In the context of development aid, the main challenges lie in the balance of power between stakeholders, the organisational or technical capacity of recipient country stakeholders to drive or contribute effectively to the PD processes and the increasingly technocratic nature of PD. Conclusion PD requires a high level of collaborative governance expertise and needs constant, although not necessarily high, financial support. These conditions are crucial to make it a real driver of health system reform in countries’ paths towards universal health coverage.

Robert Emilie et Ridde Valéry (2020) Dealing With Complexity and Heterogeneity in a Collaborative Realist Multiple Case Study in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom : SAGE Publications Ltd. ISBN : 978-1-5297-3230-6. https://methods.sagepub.com/case/complexity-heterogeneity-collaborative-realist-low-middle-income-countries.

Résumé : A qualitative realist evaluation research was conducted in six African countries to understand a complex and multifaceted World Health Organization program that provides technical and financial support to Ministries of Health in low- and middle-income countries. This support aims to foster the institutionalization of policy dialogue as a collaborative governance device, the purpose of which is the advancement of universal health coverage. This case study illustrates the realist and collaborative approach used in this multi-country research. It highlights the methodological and pedagogical challenges we faced and for which we propose recommendations. We specifically present our collaborative approach with both our research collaborators and our World Health Organization colleagues, the step of co-construction of the intervention theory, and the three successive stages of data analysis. This case is for readers who have a basic understanding of the realist approach, case study, and evaluation. Readers who are not familiar with these methods are encouraged to first refer to the recommended readings.

ROBIN Nelly (2020) « Barcelone ou la mort » : au Sénégal, des femmes et des hommes en quête d’avenir », The Conversation, novembre 26. https://theconversation.com/barcelone-ou-la-mort-au-senegal-des-femmes-et-des-hommes-en-quete-davenir-150146.

Résumé : Depuis le mois de septembre 2020, l’ampleur des départs en pirogue d’émigrants du Sénégal vers les îles Canaries a interpellé les politiques et ému l’opinion publique, informée des naufrages répétés et des pertes en vies humaines au large de Dakar.Cet article, tiré de l’étude « Immobilité sociale versus mobilité sociale – Les causes profondes de l’émigration internationale », entend déconstruire les idées reçues sur les causes de l’émigration et faire entendre le point de vue subjectif des acteurs de la migration afin de rendre compte des conditions dans lesquelles se construit la décision d’émigrer.

ROBIN Nelly (2020) « L’émigration des jeunes, un nouvel enjeu social pour le Sénégal », The Conversation, novembre 25. https://theconversation.com/lemigration-des-jeunes-un-nouvel-enjeu-social-pour-le-senegal-150310.

Résumé : Depuis l’automne, l’archipel des îles Canaries connaît une forte accélération des arrivées de migrants subsahariens, candidats à l’immigration en Europe. Plus de 2 000 ont accosté en seulement deux jours, début novembre. Parmi eux, des mineurs sénégalais. Leur présence questionne les logiques habituelles de l’émigration sénégalaise et interroge ce désir de partir coûte que coûte au péril de sa vie.

Rudasingwa Martin, Yeboah Edmund, Allegri de Manuela, Bonnet Emmanuel, Ridde Valéry, Somé Paul-André, Muula Adamson, Chitha Bona Mukoshya et Mphuka Chrispin (2020) Estimating the distributional incidence of healthcare spending on maternal health services in Sub-Saharan Africa: Benefit Incidence Analysis in Burkina Faso, Malawi, and Zambia. (AFD Research paper No. 141), Paris : AFD. https://www.afd.fr/en/ressources/estimating-distributional-incidence-healthcare-spending-maternal-health-services-sub-saharan-africa-benefit-incidence-analysis-burkina-faso-malawi-and-zambia.

Résumé : L'amélioration de l'accès aux services de santé maternelle est une préoccupation politique essentielle, en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne (ASS) où les taux de mortalité maternelle restent très élevés, en particulier parmi les segments les plus pauvres de la société. Par conséquent, à la suite de l'appel mondial à réduire la mortalité maternelle inscrit dans l'Objectif de développement durable 3, de multiples interventions ont été conçues et mises en œuvre dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne pour favoriser les progrès vers la couverture sanitaire universelle (CSU) des services de santé maternelle, y compris l'assistance qualifiée à l'accouchement. Alors que les preuves de l'impact de ces interventions sur l'accès à l'utilisation des services se multiplient, les preuves de l'incidence distributive de l'investissement financier qu'elles impliquent sont encore limitées. Cet article vise à combler ce manque de connaissances en effectuant une analyse quasi-longitudinale de l'incidence des bénéfices pour évaluer l'égalité des dépenses de santé publiques et globales pour les services de santé maternelle dans trois pays d'Afrique subsaharienne: le Burkina Faso, le Malawi et la Zambie. L'étude s'est appuyée sur des données sur l'utilisation des soins de santé tirées de différentes enquêtes auprès des ménages au niveau national (y compris l'enquête démographique et sur la santé, l'enquête sur le financement basé sur les performances et l'enquête sur la santé et les dépenses des ménages en Zambie) et les données sur les dépenses de santé tirées des comptes nationaux de la santé. Les résultats démontrent une égalité croissante des dépenses de santé au fil du temps, mais aussi une hétérogénéité persistante considérable de l'incidence distributionnelle entre les provinces / régions / districts. Ces résultats suggèrent que la mise en œuvre de réformes spécifiques à la CSU ciblant les soins maternels a été efficace pour accroître l'égalité dans les dépenses de santé, ce qui signifie que davantage de ressources financières ont atteint les segments les plus pauvres de la société, mais n'était pas encore suffisante pour éliminer les différences entre les provinces / régions / districts. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour étudier les sources des disparités régionales et identifier des stratégies pour les surmonter.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2020) « Regard de Laura Ruiz de Elvira sur la société civile en Syrie d’avant-guerre », Moyen-Orient, 47. https://www.areion24.news/produit/moyen-orient-n-47/.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2020) « Vers la fin du contrat social en Syrie ? », Audio, Radio Cause Commune, Paris : Radio Cause Commune. https://cause-commune.fm/podcast/le-monde-en-questions-16/.

Résumé : En Syrie de 2006 à 2010, doctorante à l’Institut Français du Proche Orient de Damas, elle effectue ses recherches sur les associations caritatives, confessionnelles ou non, et leur maillage territorial. Ces associations de bienfaisance, durant la décennie qui précède le soulèvement populaire de 2011, jouent un rôle de plus en plus important au moment où l’État syrien en voulant se moderniser se décharge de certaines fonctions et missions sociales qu’il accomplissait traditionnellement en faveur des plus démunis. Dans un contexte de paupérisation, n’excluant pas la constitution de quelques grandes fortunes affichant un luxe tapageur inaccessible à la plupart de la population, ces associations sont en première ligne pour faire face à l’exode rural faisant suite à la grande sécheresse de 2007, à l’afflux de réfugiés en provenance d’Irak à partir de 2003, à la défaillance des secteurs publics de la santé et de l’éducation. Après l’éphémère printemps de Damas, l’État policier resserre son contrôle social et politique sur la population, mais il devient de plus en plus évident qu’il ne dispose d’aucun levier d’action pour faire fonctionner les institutions, moderniser les infrastructures du pays, redistribuer les richesses, protéger les plus faibles.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2020) « Les associations chrétiennes de Damas.: La fidélité discrète, la “joie” et une “vie qui continue” malgré la guerre », Les Cahiers d’EMAM, 32 (mai 4). DOI : 10.4000/emam.2727. http://journals.openedition.org/emam/2727.

Résumé : À partir de l’étude à distance des pages Facebook et des réseaux sociaux de trois associations chrétiennes de Damas, l’objectif de cet article est de mettre en lumière les réponses et les stratégies qu’une partie des associations syriennes et des communautés chrétiennes du pays ont adopté face à la « crise révolutionnaire » et au conflit. Il fait l’hypothèse que face aux structures et réseaux qui ont choisi la voie de la dissidence [voice] et ont par la suite été fermées ou noyautées par les services de renseignements et le ministère des Affaires sociales et du Travail, ou face à celles qui ont ouvertement soutenu le régime et l’armée régulière dans leur entreprise d’écrasement du mouvement révolutionnaire, les associations chrétiennes ont pour la plupart adopté la voie d’une fidélité discrète et tenté de s’adapter pour continuer à vivre « comme si de rien n’était », dans la « joie » et l’« amour ». This paper seeks to study the responses and the strategies that some of the Syrian associations and Christian communities have adopted since 2011 in order to face the “revolutionary crisis” and the conflict. In order to do so, it explores the Facebook accounts and the social networks of three Christian associations working in Damascus. It shows that contrary to the structures and networks that have chosen voice over silence and have therefore been closed or infiltrated by the intelligence services and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour, and contrary to those who have openly supported the regime in its attempts to crush the revolutionary movement, most of the Christian associations have adopted a discreet form of loyalty and tried to adapt themselves in order to go on as if nothing happened, with joy and love.

Samb Oumar Mallé, Essombe Christiane et Ridde Valery (2020) « Meeting the challenges posed by per diem in development projects in southern countries: a scoping review », Globalization and Health, 16 (1). DOI : 10.1186/s12992-020-00571-6. https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-020-00571-6.

Résumé : This study presents the results of a review whose goal is to generate knowledge on the possible levers of action concerning per diem practices in southern countries in order to propose reforms to the existing schemes. Methodology A synthesis of available knowledge was performed using scoping review methodology: a literature search was conducted using several databases (Medline, Cinahl, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest) and grey literature. A total of 26 documents were included in the review. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with the authors of the selected articles to determine whether the proposed recommendations had been implemented and to identify any outcomes. Results For the most part, the results of this review are recommendations supporting per diem reform. In terms of strategy, the recommendations call for a redefinition of per diems by limiting their appeal. Issued recommendations include reducing daily allowance rates, paying per diem only in exchange for actual work, increasing control mechanisms or harmonizing rates across organizations. In terms of operations, the recommendations call for the implementation of concrete actions to reduce instances of abuse, including not paying advances or introducing reasonable flat-rate per diem. That said, the authors contacted stated that few per diem reforms had been implemented as a result of the issued recommendations. Conclusion The results of the study clearly identify possible levers of action. Such levers could make up the groundwork for further reflection on context and country-specific reforms that are carried out using a dynamic, participatory and consensual approach.

Sambou Césarine, Allavena Clotilde, DeBeaudrap Pierre et Pourette Dolorès (2020) « Pratiques et logiques de hiérarchisation des maladies chroniques dans la prise en charge en médecine générale des personnes vivants avec le VIH (PvVIH) polypathologiques âgées de 70 ans et plus : Étude SEPTAVIH-Quali » (poster), présenté à E-Congrès SFLS 2020.

Sandron Frédéric (2020) Vieillissement de la population mondiale et développement, Working Papers du CEPED (47), Paris : Ceped, 27 p. https://www.ceped.org/wp.

Résumé : Le vieillissement de la population mondiale est en cours, il est inéluctable, y compris dans les pays du Sud. S’il est d’une temporalité lente, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’il consiste en une véritable révolution démographique qui entraînera dans son sillage tout au long du 21e siècle de profondes transformations sociales, économiques ou cultu-relles. Cependant, l’hétérogénéité des niveaux de développement des pays ainsi que du rythme des processus de vieillissement démographique est suffisamment importante pour que ses conséquences ne soient pas les mêmes ni de la même ampleur dans tous les pays. C’est cette diversité de situations qui sera passée en revue ici, avec un zoom particulier sur les pays du Sud.

Sandron - 2020 - Vieillissement de la population mondiale et dévelo.pdf 839 kio

Schantz Clémence (2020) « Accouchement normal : accompagnement de la physiologie et interventions médicales. Recommandations de la Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) avec la collaboration du Collège National des Gynécologues Obstétriciens Français (CNGOF) et du Collège National des Sages-Femmes de France (CNSF) – Accueil, suivi et prise en charge non médicamenteuse de la douleur de la femme pendant le travail », Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie, 48 (12) (décembre), p. 883-890. DOI : 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.09.014. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2468718920302713.

Schantz Clémence (2020) Construire le corps féminin, Pratiques obstétricales et biomédicalisation de l’accouchement au Cambodge, Paris : L 'Harmattan, 234 p. (Anthropologies et médecines). ISBN : 978-2-343-19985-6.

Résumé : Cet ouvrage de Clémence Schantz (sage-femme, sociologue, docteure diplômée de socio-démographie de l’Université de Paris en 2016, chercheure associée du Ceped) interroge la vision idéalisée des Nations unies concernant la santé maternelle au Cambodge, à partir d’une enquête de terrain intensive dans deux provinces du pays. En observant de l’intérieur et « par le bas » les pratiques obstétricales, l’enquête documente leur construction historique et sociale et montre que ces techniques biomédicales sont fréquemment détournées de leur usage afin de répondre à des exigences sociales : par exemple, resserrer le vagin des femmes afin d’augmenter le plaisir sexuel des hommes.

Schantz Clémence (2020) « Modeler son sexe au Cambodge pour garder son mari à la maison », Droits et Culture, 79 (1), p. 185-205. DOI : 10.4000/droitcultures.6241. http://journals.openedition.org/droitcultures/6241.

Résumé : La technique biomédicale de la périnéorraphie au Cambodge se pratique chez des femmes jeunes et en bonne santé afin de resserrer leur vagin et augmenter leur capital érotique en cherchant à accroître le plaisir sexuel masculin. Cet article décrit la pratique et sa particularité au Cambodge, et montre que cette technique est détournée de son objectif médical afin de répondre à une demande sociale. À travers une observation participante de onze mois dans des maternités de Phnom Penh et l’analyse des discours collectés entre 2013 et 2016 au Cambodge, il apparaît que cette pratique mutilante émerge dans un contexte de mutation du modèle conjugal et familial où les femmes souhaitent limiter le recours de leur mari à la prostitution.

Publications des membres du Ceped

2020

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Outils internes