Références bibliographiques

Quet Mathieu (2019) « Etienne Nouguez, Des médicaments à tout prix. Sociologie des génériques en France, Les Presses de Sciences Po, Paris, 2017, 304 p. [compte rendu de lecture] », Sociologie du Travail, 61 (1), p. en ligne [3 p.]. DOI : 10.4000/sdt.14354. https://hal.science/hal-04097442.

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Quet Mathieu (2019) « Kalindi Vora. - Life support. Biocapital and the new history of outsourced labor. Kalindi Vora, Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 2015 [Compte-rendu de lecture] », Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances, 13 (2), p. 641. DOI : 10.3917/rac.043.0641. https://hal.science/hal-04097451.

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Quet Mathieu (2019) « Life Support. Biocapital and the new history of outsourced labor: Kalindi Vora, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2015 », Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 13 (2), p. 641. DOI : 10.3917/rac.043.0641. http://www.cairn.info/revue-anthropologie-des-connaissances-2019-2-page-641.htm?ref=doi.

Quet Mathieu (2019) « Boullier Henri. - Toxiques légaux. Comment les firmes chimiques ont mis la main sur le contrôle de leurs produits - Paris, La Découverte, 2019, 200 p. [compte rendu de lecture] », Revue française de sociologie, 60 (2), p. 310. https://hal.science/hal-04097487.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Quet Mathieu, de Bercegol Rémi et Dejouhanet Lucie (2019) « Du champignon au médicament : regards croisés sur les régimes logistiques », EchoGéo, 47 (avril 21). DOI : 10.4000/echogeo.16730. https://journals.openedition.org/echogeo/16730.

Ravit Marion (2019) « Evaluation du forfait obstétrical en Mauritanie : quand les chercheurs deviennent des consultants », Cahiers Scientifques Réalisme, p. 42. (Comment mobiliser la recherche pour la couverture sanitaire universelle ?).

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Ridde Valéry, Benmarhnia Tarik, Bonnet Emmanuel, Bottger Carol, Cloos Patrick, Dagenais Christian, De Allegri Manuela, Nebot Ariadna, Queuille Ludovic et Sarker Malabika (2019) « Climate change, migration and health systems resilience: Need for interdisciplinary research », F1000Research, 8 (avril 1), p. 22. https://f1000research.com/articles/8-22/v2.

Résumé : Climate change is one of today's major challenges, and among the causes of population movement and international migration. Climate migrants impact health systems and how their ability to respond and adapt to their needs and patterns. To date, the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change has barely been explored. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of studying the relationship between climate change, migration, and the resilience of health systems from an interdisciplinary perspective. Resilience is an old concept, notably in the field of psychology, and is increasingly applied to the study of health systems. Yet, no research has analysed the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change. While universal health coverage is a major international goal, little research to date focused on the existing links between climate, migration, health systems and resilience. We propose an interdisciplinary approach relying on the concept of health system resilience to study adaptive and transformative strategies to articulate climate change, migration and health systems.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Ridde Valéry et Bonnet Emmanuel (2019) « Sahel : l’incohérence des zones sécuritaires », AOC media - Analyse Opinion Critique (novembre 5). https://aoc.media/opinion/2019/11/05/sahel-lincoherence-des-zones-securitaires/.

Résumé : Un militaire français a été tué dans un attentat au Mali, où 49 soldats maliens et un civil sont également morts ce weekend. Pourtant, malgré la dangerosité de la zone sahélienne, les scientifiques doivent pouvoir continuer à mener leurs travaux sans lesquels les choix politiques, comme l’action de développement économique, sont uniquement dépendants des militaires. Il est donc urgent de s’interroger sur les protocoles de sécurité qui empêchent de facto toute recherche française aujourd’hui dans la région. La plupart des Françaises et Français ont récemment découvert ce que les zones orange et rouges voulaient dire pour le Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE). En mai 2019, les médias ont longuement évoqué l’enlèvement de deux touristes français dans le Nord du Bénin et l’assassinat de leur guide béninois. À l’époque, il a régné une certaine confusion sur le fait que la zone où s’étaient rendus ces trois personnes était interdite, ou pas, selon les consignes du MEAE. Les journalistes ont notamment affirmé que « La zone de Pendjari avait récemment été classée parmi les zones « formellement déconseillées » par le Quai d’Orsay ». Jean-Yves Le Drian, le ministre des Affaires étrangères avait même entretenu la confusion en affirmant dans un premier temps que la zone était rouge. Si un ministre de la République, spécialiste de ces questions, est un peu perdu dans les couleurs, imaginez le reste de ses concitoyen·es.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Ridde Valéry, Bonnet Emmanuel, Kadio Kadidiatou, Louart Sarah et De Allegri Manuela (2019) « Demographics in the service of Universal Health Coverage: examples in West Africa », Humanitarian Alternatives, 12 (novembre), p. 33-48.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Ridde Valery, Dagenais Christian et Daigneault Isabelle (2019) « It’s time to address sexual violence in academic global health », BMJ Global Health, 4 (2) (avril), p. e001616. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001616. http://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001616.

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Rikap Cecilia (2019) « El capitalismo como sistema de poder: del dinero a la diferenciación del capital. », Filosofía de la Economía, 7 (2), p. 97–111. http://ppct.caicyt.gov.ar/index.php/filoecon/article/view/14174.

Résumé : Partimos de la premisa de que la vigencia de una obra es función de los problemas contemporáneos que contribuye a plantear y repensar. En esa clave, indagamos sobre la diferenciación de la mercancía en común y dineraria como génesis del poder propuesta por Marx (1867, cap. 1), reconcibiendo al intercambio mercantil como una relación social asimétrica. Identificamos que este aporte ha sido ignorado por dos corrientes influyentes dentro del marxismo: quienes sostienen la tesis del capital monopolista y quienes defienden la vigencia de la ley del valor a partir de la pervivencia de la competencia real. En este contexto, retomamos dicho aporte ignorado en tanto relación de poder genérica pero circunstancial para integrarlo con la diferenciación del capital propuesta por Levín (1997), una relación de poder específica y perdurable entre capitales individuales. Mostramos cómo esta última retoma pero al mismo tiempo supera el planteo de Marx en El Capital.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Rikap Cecilia (2019) « Asymmetric Power of the Core: Technological Cooperation and Technological Competition in the Transnational Innovation Networks of Big Pharma », Review of International Political Economy, p. 1-35. DOI : 10.1080/09692290.2019.1620309. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09692290.2019.1620309.

Résumé : This article theoretically and empirically analyzes leader corporations’ innovation processes in contemporary capitalism. We highlight three characteristics: their transnational scope, the primacy of power or asymmetric relations exercised by leaders over the participants of their innovation circuits or networks, and the relevance of what we called technological competition and technological cooperation between leaders. Focusing on the latter, our theoretical contribution integrates the concepts of innovation circuit, global innovation network and modularity of knowledge production in order to elaborate a preliminary model for synthesizing leader’s technological competition and collaboration behaviors. This model is the general framework used for studying three big pharma’s innovation networks (Roche, Novartis and Pfizer). In particular, we study those networks by considering two outputs: scientific publications and patents. Network maps are constructed based on institutions’ co-occurrences, thus looking at who is co-authoring their publications and co-owning these corporations’ patents. We find that big pharmaceuticals co-produce together mainly generic knowledge modules, thus develop a strong technological cooperation. Simultaneously, to succeed in their technological competition they outsource stages of their innovation networks to subordinate institutions that, even if they contribute to achieve the innovation, will not be co-owners of the resulting patents, while big pharmaceuticals enjoy associated innovation rents.

Rikap Cecilia et Harari-Kermadec Hugo (2019) « The direct subordination of universities to the accumulation of capital », Capital & Class (juin 25), p. 0309816819852761. DOI : 10.1177/0309816819852761. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0309816819852761.

Résumé : Universities have historically contributed to the reproduction of capitalism. However, they have been historically conceived as a separate sphere or institution detached from the Market, thus only indirect participants of capital’s accumulation processes. Our aim in this article is precisely to contribute to acknowledge this transformation by further developing a theoretical explanation integrated to a Marxist analysis of contemporary capitalism. In particular, following Levín, we distinguish that a portion of world’s social capital has monopolized the capacity to plan and profit from innovation. The wide gap in terms of innovation capacities between individual capitals leaves those non-innovative with no better option but to subordinate and let go part of their surplus. It is in this context that we will suggest that universities integrate direct capital’s accumulation structures. To do so, we will conceptually distinguish between two sides of universities’ transformation: (1) the adoption of capital enterprises’ characteristics resulting in exchanges of their products (teaching and research results), where we will identify different degrees of bargaining power to decide the conditions of those exchanges, and (2) the transformation of academic labor, adapting itself to capitalist production processes. Considering the former, we argue that universities’ adoption of individual capitals’ features can be better understood as a differentiated process. We suggest three types of differentiated market-university, according to the different enterprises in Levín’s typology. Our concluding remarks include further research questions and nuance the general transformation of the University as an economic actor offering some clues for developing countertendencies.

Rikap Cecilia et Harari-Kermadec Hugo (2019) « Motivations for collaborating with industry: has public policy influenced new academics in Argentina? », Studies in Higher Education (août 28), p. 1-12. DOI : 10.1080/03075079.2019.1659764. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03075079.2019.1659764.

Résumé : Between 2005 and 2015 a series of science, technology and innovation policies were deployed in Argentina among which academic research collaborations with industry was particularly fostered. This paper studies the effect of those policies on newer researchers, defined as those with PhD or postdoctoral scholarships, looking at their motivations to collaborate and, to some extent, at their actual collaborations with Industry. Our hypothesis is that those policies had a positive effect on young academics’ perception of collaborations with industry, now conceived as a dimension of their job, and also on actual collaborations. To conduct our study, we used an original database constructed from an online survey answered by more than 600 newer researchers. Empirical results partly confirm our hypothesis: a direct policy encouraging collaborations by providing collaborative grants was not associated with actual collaborations, while orienting research towards strategic areas – defined by the Science and Technology Ministry- is.

Robert Emilie, Ridde Valery, Rajan Dheepa, Sam Omar, Dravé Mamadou et Porignon Denis (2019) « Realist evaluation of the role of the Universal Health Coverage Partnership in strengthening policy dialogue for health planning and financing: a protocol », BMJ Open, 9 (1) (janvier), p. bmjopen-2018-022345. DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022345. http://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022345.

Résumé : Introduction In 2011, WHO, the European Union and Luxembourg entered into a collaborative agreement to support policy dialogue for health planning and financing; these were acknowledged as core areas in need of targeted support in countries’ quest towards universal health coverage (UHC). Entitled ‘Universal Health Coverage Partnership’, this intervention is intended to strengthen countries’ capacity to develop, negotiate, implement, monitor and evaluate robust and integrated national health policies oriented towards UHC. It is a complex intervention involving a multitude of actors working on a significant number of remarkably diverse activities in different countries. Methods and analysis The researchers will conduct a realist evaluation to answer the following question: How, in what contexts, and triggering what mechanisms, does the Partnership support policy dialogue for health planning and financing towards UHC? A qualitative multiple case study will be undertaken in Togo, Liberia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cape Verde, Burkina Faso and Niger. Three steps will be implemented: (1) formulating context–mechanism–outcome explanatory propositions to guide data collection, based on expert knowledge and theoretical literature; (2) collecting empirical data through semistructured interviews with key informants and observations of key events, and analysing data; (3) specifying the intervention theory. Ethics and dissemination The primary target audiences are WHO and its partner countries; international and national stakeholders involved in or supporting policy dialogues in the health sector, especially in low-income countries; and researchers with interest in UHC, policy dialogue, evaluation research and/or realist evaluation. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Rolland Matthieu, McGrath Nuala, Tiendrebeogo Thierry, Larmarange Joseph, Pillay Deenan, Dabis François, Orne-Gliemann Joanna et Group for the ANRS 12249 TasP study (2019) « No effect of test and treat on sexual behaviours at population level in rural South Africa », AIDS, 33 (4) (mars 15), p. 709-722. DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002104. https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Abstract/2019/03150/No_effect_of_test_and_treat_on_sexual_behaviours.14.aspx.

Résumé : Context: Within the community-randomized ANRS 12249 Treatment-as-Prevention trial conducted in rural South Africa, we analysed sexual behaviours stratified by sex over time, comparing immediate antiretroviral therapy irrespective of CD4+ cell count vs. CD4+-guided antiretroviral therapy (start at CD4+ cell count > 350 cells/μl then >500 cells/μl) arms. Methods: As part of the 6-monthly home-based trial rounds, a sexual behaviour individual questionnaire was administered to all residents at least 16 years. We considered seven indicators: sexual intercourse in the past month; at least one regular sexual partner in the past 6 months; at least one casual sexual partner in the past 6 months and more than one sexual partner in the past 6 months; condom use at last sex (CLS) with regular partner, CLS with casual partner, and point prevalence estimate of concurrency. We conducted repeated cross-sectional analyses, stratified by sex. Generalized Estimating Equations models were used, including trial arm, trial time, calendar time and interaction between trial arm and trial time. Results: CLS with regular partner varied between 29–51% and 23–46% for men and women, respectively, with significantly lower odds among women in the control vs. intervention arm by trial end (P < 0.001). CLS with casual partner among men showed a significant interaction between arm and trial round, with no consistent pattern. Women declared more than one partner in the past 6 months in less than 1% of individual questionnaires; among men, rates varied between 5–12%, and odds significantly and continuously declined between calendar rounds 1 and 7 [odds ratio = 4.2 (3.24–5.45)]. Conclusion: Universal Test and Treat was not associated with increased sexual risk behaviours.

Ronda-Perez E., Gosselin Anne, Martínez Jose Miguel et Reid Alison (2019) « Injury vulnerability in Spain. Examination of risk among migrant and native workers », Safety Science, 115 (juin 1), p. 36-41. DOI : 10.1016/j.ssci.2019.01.026. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753518308737.

Résumé : The search for work is one of the largest drivers of migration. Globally there are an estimated 244 million migrants. It is known that occupational accidents are higher in migrant compared with native-born workers; however, there is a lack of information about the reason for these differences. The aim of this study was to use the vulnerability index to identify whether migrant workers were more vulnerable to occupational health and safety risks than native-born workers among a cohort of 306 workers in Spain. Data come from the Spanish Platform of Longitudinal Studies on Immigrant Families (PELFI). For this analysis, we selected current workers with at least one year of work experience in Spain, 18–65 years of age and born in Colombia, Ecuador (n = 217) and a control sample of Spanish-born workers (n = 89). The occupational health and safety vulnerability tool was used. Prevalence and adjusted (by sociodemographic and occupational variables) Odds Ratio (aOR) was calculated to compare migrants with Spanish-born. Latin American workers had a significantly greater prevalence of exposure to occupational hazards (81% than Spanish-born 54%) and to inadequate policies and procedures (38,7% and 22,5% respectively). After adjusting for a range of demographic and occupation-related covariates, the risk of exposure to an overall vulnerability was increased among Latin American workers (aOR: 1,9 (0,9–4,0). Latin American workers were more likely to suffer work-related vulnerability and that may place them at higher risk of work related health problems.

Mots-clés : Epidemiology, Migrant workers, Occupational health, Work injury.

Roux Hélène et Geglia Beth (2019) « ¿Excepción o continuismo? Nuevos enclaves: poder e infraestructura en Honduras », Iztapalapa, 87 (juin 30), p. 17. DOI : 10.28928/ri/872019/atc1/rouxh/gegliae. https://hal.science/hal-04142925.

Résumé : Resumen En los últimos años, en Honduras se están configurando zonas de empleo y desarrollo económico (zede) que pretenden funcionar con reglas propias. Desvinculados del entorno nacional que se propone acogerlos, estos proyectos de enclave buscan un vínculo directo con el mercado global. Partiendo de la situación estratégica del istmo centroamericano como espacio histórico de tránsito, analizaremos en qué medida, ciertos proyectos disgregados se ensartan en la trama tejida por los programas de infraestructura regional en las tres últimas décadas. Nuestro estudio pretende indagar en qué medida y de qué manera las zonas económicas especiales, que suelen ser presentadas como espacios político-territoriales para la aplicación de excepciones, se construyen sobre contextos ya existentes de excepcionalidad. Apoyándonos en un estudio etnográfico realizado en Amapala, Honduras, entendemos las zede como parte de un proceso continuo, vinculado con las herramientas de las economías neoliberales y con procesos históricos de acumulación. Analizamos cómo los procesos pasados y actuales de acaparamiento de tierras, privatización de la soberanía y construcción de nuevas subjetividades de poder generan condiciones propicias a la creación de las zede. Palabras clave: territorio, zonas especiales, conflicto agrario, privatización, neoliberalismo.

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Roy Melissa, Moreau Nicolas, Rousseau Cécile, Mercier Arnaud, Wilson Andrew et Atlani-Duault Laëtitia (2019) « Ebola and Localized Blame on Social Media: Analysis of Twitter and Facebook Conversations During the 2014–2015 Ebola Epidemic », Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 44 (1) (juin 18), p. 56-79. DOI : 10.1007/s11013-019-09635-8. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11013-019-09635-8.

Résumé : This study aimed to analyze main groups accused on social media of causing or spreading the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. In this analysis, blame is construed as a vehicle of meaning through which the lay public makes sense of an epidemic, and through which certain classes of people become "figures of blame". Data was collected from Twitter and Facebook using key word extraction, then categorized thematically. Our findings indicate an overall proximate blame tendency: blame was typically cast on "near-by" figures, namely national governments, and less so on "distant" figures, such as generalized figures of otherness ("Africans", global health authorities, global elites). Our results also suggest an evolution of online blame. In the early stage of the epidemic, blame directed at the affected populations was more prominent. However, during the peak of the outbreak, the increasingly perceived threat of inter-continental spread was accompanied by a progressively proximal blame tendency, directed at figures with whom the social media users had pre-existing biopolitical frustrations. Our study proposes that pro-active and on-going analysis of blame circulating in social media can usefully help to guide communications strategies, making them more responsive to public perceptions.

Ruffier J. et Arvanitis Rigas (2019) « Le vingt-et-unième siècle ne sera pas le siècle de la Chine », p. 89. https://hal.science/hal-04098498.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2019) « From local revolutionary action to exiled humanitarian work: activism in local social networks and communities’ formation in the Syrian post-2011 context », Social Movement Studies, 18 (1) (janvier 2), p. 36-55. DOI : 10.1080/14742837.2018.1540346. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14742837.2018.1540346.

Résumé : Based on empirical material collected in Lebanon and Turkey in 2014 and 2016, this paper focuses on Syrian activists and social aid networks operating from exile from 2011 onwards. By paying attention to what these activists do and say, to their individual trajectories (namely during the 2011 period and the first months of popular protests), and to their immediate ‘environment’, I shed light on how they give meaning to their humanitarian activity and on how they relate to politics. I also explore the way in which activists explicitly and implicitly contribute to the changing political dynamics of the conflict, for instance by supporting and constructing Syrian (exiled, displaced and besieged) communities. In so doing, I illustrate how informal networks created in situations of uprising may find an exit strategy by institutionalizing themselves and how they adapt to a context of war characterized by fluidity, the sudden pluralization of the political arena and the need to negotiate space and resources with multiple ‘players.’ KEYWORDS: Activism, social networks, (de)politicization, relief, Syrian uprising, war

Sandron Frédéric (2019) « Le rôle des pouvoirs publics dans l’évolution de la prise en charge de la santé en milieu enclavé : le cirque de Mafate à La Réunion », Revue d’épidémiologie et de santé publique, 67 (S1), p. S54. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2018.12.032.

Schantz Clémence, de Loenzien Myriam, Goyet Sophie, Ravit Marion, Dancoisne Aurélien et Dumont Alexandre (2019) « How is women’s demand for caesarean section measured? A systematic literature review », éd. par Kelli K. Ryckman, PLOS ONE, 14 (3) (mars 6), p. e0213352. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0213352. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213352.

Résumé : Background: Caesarean section rates are increasing worldwide, and since the 2000s, several researchers have investigated women’s demand for caesarean sections. Question: The aim of this article was to review and summarise published studies investigating caesarean section demand and to describe the methodologies, outcomes, country characteristics and country income levels in these studies. .Methods This is a systematic review of studies published between 2000 and 2017 in French and English that quantitatively measured women’s demand for caesarean sections. We carried out a systematic search using the Medline database in PubMed. Findings The search strategy identified 390 studies, 41 of which met the final inclusion criteria, representing a total sample of 3 774 458 women. We identified two different study designs, i.e., cross-sectional studies and prospective cohort studies, that are commonly used to measure social demand for caesarean sections. Two different types of outcomes were reported, i.e., the preferences of pregnant or non-pregnant women regarding the method of childbirth in the future and caesarean delivery following maternal request. No study measured demand for caesarean section during the childbirth process. All included studies were conducted in middle- (n = 24) and high-income countries (n = 17), and no study performed in a low-income country was found. Discussion Measuring caesarean section demand is challenging, and the structural violence leading to demand for caesarean section during childbirth while in the labour ward remains invisible. In addition, the caesarean section demand in low-income countries remains unclear due to the lack of studies conducted in these countries. Conclusion We recommend conducting prospective cohort studies to describe the social construction of caesarean section demand. We also recommend conducting studies in low-income countries because demand for caesarean sections in these countries is rarely investigated.

Sieleunou Isidore, Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie, De Allegri Manuela, Taptué Fotso Jean-Claude, Azinyui Yumo Habakkuk, Magne Tamga Denise et Ridde Valéry (2019) « How does performance-based financing affect the availability of essential medicines in Cameroon? A qualitative study », Health Policy and Planning, 34 (Supplement_3) (décembre 1), p. iii4-iii19. DOI : 10.1093/heapol/czz084. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/34/Supplement_3/iii4/5670620.

Résumé : Performance-based financing (PBF) is being implemented across low- and middle-income countries to improve the availability and quality of health services, including medicines. Although a few studies have examined the effects of PBF on the availability of essential medicines (EMs) in low- and middle-income countries, there is limited knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these effects. Our research aimed to explore how PBF in Cameroon influenced the availability of EMs, and to understand the pathways leading to the experiential dimension related with the observed changes. The design was an exploratory qualitative study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, using semi-structured questionnaires. Key informants were selected using purposive sampling. The respondents (n = 55) included health services managers, healthcare providers, health authorities, regional drugs store managers and community members. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative data analysis software. Thematic analysis was performed. Our findings suggest that the PBF programme improved the perceived availability of EMs in three regions in Cameroon. The change in availability of EMs experienced by stakeholders resulted from several pathways, including the greater autonomy of facilities, the enforced regulation from the district medical team, the greater accountability of the pharmacy attendant and supply system liberalization. However, a sequence of challenges, including delays in PBF payments, limited autonomy, lack of leadership and contextual factors such as remoteness or difficulty in access, was perceived to hinder the capacity to yield optimal changes, resulting in heterogeneity in performance between health facilities. The participants raised concerns regarding the quality control of drugs, the inequalities between facilities and the fragmentation of the drug management system. The study highlights that some specific dimensions of PBF, such as pharmacy autonomy and the liberalization of drugs supply systems, need to be supported by equity interventions, reinforced regulation and measures to ensure the quality of drugs at all levels.

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Silhouette-Dercourt Virginie, Sy Ousseynou Saidou et Desjeux Dominique (2019) « Cosmopolitan Veiling in Paris: Young French Muslim Women in Transition », Youth and Globalization, 1, p. 65-87. DOI : 10.1163/25895745-00101004. http://www2.brill.com/gys.

Résumé : This paper focuses on the beauty and sartorial choices of young French Muslim women in the Paris area. Through biographies on their morning rituals, this article questions the notion of cosmopolitanism when it comes to their veiling practices. Research suggests that these young women, through their double presence in the world – as French citizens and as global citizens – are powerful agents of change of the dominant material culture and consumption. Their varied beauty and sartorial choices help them construct a coherent inner and outer self and manage social and gendered interactions, facilitating circulation. It is argued that wearing the hijab can be conceptualized as a new form of cosmopolitanism, neither ‘from below’ nor ‘from above’: it reframes a Eurocentric view of conflicts between religious and secular discourses in postcolonial times, as well as French fashion.

Slama L., Porcher R., Chakvetadze C., Cros A., Linard F., Gallardo Lucille, Viard J. P., Carillon Séverine et Molina J. M. (2019) « Injectable long acting antiretrovirals for HIV treatment or prevention : the ANRS CLAPT study », HIV Medicine, 20 (suppl. 9), p. 260. https://hal.science/hal-04097783.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Storeng Katerini T, Abimbola Seye, Balabanova Dina, McCoy David, Ridde Valery, Filippi Veronique, Roalkvam Sidsel, Akello Grace, Parker Melissa et Palmer Jennifer (2019) « Action to protect the independence and integrity of global health research », BMJ Global Health, 4 (3) (juin), p. e001746. DOI : 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001746. http://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001746.

Tanguy-Domingos Simonella (2019) « Essai sur la géopolitique des femmes dans le monde », DIPLOMEES, FEMMES & GÉOPOLITIQUE(S) (266-267) (mars), p. 43-53.

Résumé : Ce numéro de Diplômées, en questionnant la place des femmes sur fond de géopolitique, incite entre autres choses, à mettre en lumière les pratiques en cours au sein des instances décisionnelles nationales, eu égard à la participation féminine, et à déconstruire les préjugés qui semblent subsister sur la place de la femme dans nos sociétés. Ma contribution s’inscrit dans ce double objectif et vise modestement, d’une part , à faire le point de la participation féminine dans les hautes sphères de décisions, et d’autre part, à éclairer les dissonances relevées à l’échelle internationale.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Touré L. et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Malgré la volonté affichée du gouvernement malien de prendre en compte les plus pauvres, le montage institutionnel et technique du RAMED a été fait sans la capitalisation de l'expérience acquise », p. 4 p. multigr. https://hal.science/hal-04145668.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Touré L. et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Au Mali, la mise en oeuvre du Régime d'Assistance Médicale (RAMED) est confrontée à des difficultés largement imputables à son montage institutionnel et technique initial », p. 4 p. multigr. https://hal.science/hal-04145663.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

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Touré L., Ridde Valéry, Escot F., Diabate S., Karembe Y. et Tangara S. (2019) « Les opérations de ciblage massif et communautaire des indigents, pilotées par l'ANAM, sont sources d'exclusion », p. 4 p. multigr. https://hal.science/hal-04145659.

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Turenne Charlotte Pailliard, Gautier Lara, Degroote Stéphanie, Guillard Etienne, Chabrol Fanny et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Conceptual analysis of health systems resilience: A scoping review », Social Science & Medicine, 232 (juillet 1), p. 168-180. DOI : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.020. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953619302205.

Résumé : System resilience has long been an area of study, and the term has become increasingly used across different sectors. Studies on resilience in health systems are more recent, multiplying particularly since the 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) is calling for national governments to increase the resilience of their health systems. Concepts help define research objects and guide the analysis. Yet, to be useful, concepts need to be clear and precise. We aimed to improve the conceptual understanding of health systems resilience by conducting a scoping review to describe the state of knowledge in this area. We searched for literature in 10 databases, and analyzed data using a list of themes. We evaluated the clarity and the precision of the concept of health systems resilience using Daigneault & Jacob's three dimensions of a concept: term, sense, and referent. Of the 1091 documents initially identified, 45 met the inclusion criteria. Term: multiple terms are used, switching from one to the other to speak about the same subject. Sense: there is no consensus yet on a unique definition. Referent: the magnitude and nature of events that resilient health systems face differ with context, covering a broad range of situations from sudden crisis to everyday challenges. The lack of clarity in this conceptualization hinders the expansion of knowledge, the creation of reliable analytical tools, and the effectiveness of communication. The current conceptualization of health systems resilience is too scattered to enable the enhancement of this concept with great potential, opening a large avenue for future research.

Mots-clés : Conceptual analysis, Health systems, Health systems resilience, Resilience, Scoping review.

Vignier Nicolas, Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Pannetier Julie, Ravalihasy Andrainolo, Gosselin Anne, Lert France, Lydie Nathalie, Bouchaud Olivier, Dray-Spira Rosemary, Chauvin Pierre et the PARCOURS Study Group (2019) « Social and structural factors and engagement in HIV care of sub-Saharan African migrants diagnosed with HIV in the Paris region », AIDS Care, 31 (7) (juillet 3), p. 897-907. DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2019.1576842. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540121.2019.1576842.

Résumé : Migrants from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are often diagnosed at an advanced stage of HIV, and many of them have harsh living conditions. We aimed to evaluate the entry into care after HIV diagnosis and examine the related social determinants. The ANRS PARCOURS study is a life-event survey conducted in 2012–2013 in the Paris region among. Time between HIV diagnosis of SSA migrants living diagnosed HIV positive in France and HIV care and the determinants was assessed yearly by using mixed-effects logistic regression models. Among a total of 792 participants, 94.2% engaged in HIV care within the year of HIV diagnosis, 4.3% in the following year and 2.5% beyond the second year after diagnosis. The participants were more likely to engage in HIV care during years when they were effectively covered by health insurance and if the HIV test was carried out at the initiative of the doctor. Immigration for economic reasons or owing to threats in his/her country of origin was associated with delayed engagement in HIV care. Additionally, 4.3% of treated participants discontinued HIV care at least once at the time of the survey and more often if diagnosed at an advanced HIV disease stage and financially dependent.

Mots-clés : access, African migrants, and Evaluation, Health insurance, healthcare Quality, HIV, undocumented migrants.

Zamboni Karen, Schellenberg Joanna, Hanson Claudia, Betran Ana Pilar et Dumont Alexandre (2019) « Assessing scalability of an intervention: why, how and who? », Health Policy and Planning, 34 (7) (septembre 1), p. 544-552. DOI : 10.1093/heapol/czz068. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/34/7/544/5542084.

Résumé : Public health interventions should be designed with scale in mind, and researchers and implementers must plan for scale-up at an early stage. Yet, there is limited awareness among researchers of the critical value of considering scalability and relatively limited empirical evidence on assessing scalability, despite emerging methodological guidance. We aimed to integrate scalability considerations in the design of a study to evaluate a multi-component intervention to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections in low- and middle-income countries. First, we reviewed and synthesized existing scale up frameworks to identify relevant dimensions and available scalability assessment tools. Based on these, we defined our scalability assessment process and adapted existing tools for our study. Here, we document our experience and the methodological challenges we encountered in integrating a scalability assessment in our study protocol. These include: achieving consensus on the purpose of a scalability assessment; and identifying the optimal timing of such an assessment, moving away from the concept of a one-off assessment at the start of a project. We also encountered tensions between the need to establish the proof of principle, and the need to design an innovation that would be fit-for-scale. Particularly for complex interventions, scaling up may warrant rigorous research to determine an efficient and effective scaling-up strategy. We call for researchers to better incorporate scalability considerations in pragmatic trials through greater integration of impact and process evaluation, more stringent definition and measurement of scale-up objectives and outcome evaluation plans that allow for comparison of effects at different stages of scale-up.

Texte intégral 444.5 kio (source)

Zemirli Zohra Aziadé (2019) « Quelle place pour le pluralisme religieux dans le mouvement de protestation algérien de 2019 ? », L’Année du Maghreb, 21 (décembre 10), p. 91-104. DOI : 10.4000/anneemaghreb.5231. http://journals.openedition.org/anneemaghreb/5231.

Résumé : Depuis le 22 février 2019, les Algériennes et les Algériens se sont mobilisés afin de rejeter la candidature d’Abdelaziz Bouteflika à un cinquième mandat présidentiel et appeler à un changement de régime. Au cours des manifestations des mardi et vendredi, des appels à « l’égalité citoyenne », à la démocratie et à une « Algérie plurielle et diverse » se sont fait entendre. La pluralité, la diversité et la citoyenneté posent la question des rapports entre membres des minorités religieuses et hirak. Alors que l’Église catholique refuse de prendre position vis-à-vis du hirak, les protestants partagent les revendications populaires. Le mouvement populaire algérien et le projet d’élaboration d’une nouvelle Constitution pourraient permettre l’ouverture d’un espace de dialogue autour de la liberté religieuse, de la séparation de l’État et de la religion, et de la laïcité lesquels impactent les minorités religieuses.

Zitti Tony, Gautier Lara, Coulibaly Abdourahmane et Ridde Valéry (2019) « Stakeholder Perceptions and Context of the Implementation of Performance-Based Financing in District Hospitals in Mali », International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8 (10) (juin 30), p. 583-592. DOI : 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.45. http://www.ijhpm.com/article_3637.html.

Résumé : Background: To improve the performance of the healthcare system, Mali's government implemented a pilot project of performance-based financing (PBF) in the field of reproductive health. It was established in the Koulikoro region. This research analyses the process of implementing PBF at district hospital (DH) level, something which has rarely been done in Africa. Methods: This qualitative research is based on a multiple, explanatory, and contrasting case study with nested levels of analysis. It covered three of the 10 DHs in the Koulikoro region. We conducted 36 interviews: 12 per DH with council of circle's members (2) and health personnel (10). We also conducted 24 non-participant observation sessions, 16 informal interviews, and performed a literature review. We performed data analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results: Stakeholders perceived the PBF pilot project as a vertical intervention from outside that focused solely on reproductive health. Local actors were not involved in the design of the PBF model. Several difficulties regarding the quality of its design and implementation were highlighted: too short duration of the intervention (8 months), choice and insufficient number of indicators according to the priority of the donors, and impossibility of making changes to the model during its implementation. All health workers adhered to the principles of PBF intervention. Except for members of the district health management team (DHMT) involved in the implementation, respondents only had partial knowledge of the PBF intervention. The implementation of PBF appeared to be easier in District 3 Hospital compared to District 1 and District 2 because it benefited from a pre-pilot project and had good leadership. Conclusion: The PBF programme offered an opportunity to improve the quality of care provided to the population through the motivation of health personnel in Mali. However, several obstacles were observed during the implementation of the PBF pilot project in DHs. When designing and implementing PBF in DHs, it is necessary to consider factors that can influence the implementation of a complex intervention.

Texte intégral 649.2 kio (source)

Zizien Zawora Rita, Korachais Catherine, Compaoré Philippe, Ridde Valéry et De Brouwere Vincent (2019) « Contribution of the results-based financing strategy to improving maternal and child health indicators in Burkina Faso », The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 34 (1) (janvier), p. 111-129. DOI : 10.1002/hpm.2589. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/hpm.2589.

Résumé : In response to the poor performance of its public health care provision, Burkina Faso decided, to implement results-based financing (RBF). This strategy relies on a strategic purchase of the quantity and quality of services provided by health workers, monitored by a set of indicators. However, there is a lack of evidence on its effects. The objective of this article is to appreciate the effect of RBF on a set of maternal and child health (MCH) indicators in Burkina Faso. The study design is quasi-experimental comparative with a control group before and after the implementation of the RBF. To estimate the effect of RBF, we used two methods of analysis: (1) the segmented regression to measure the effect of RBF in the health districts (HD) implementing RBF (RBF HD) and (2) the differencein-difference test to estimate the effect of RBF considering the differences in mean between RBF HD and HD that did not implement RBF (non-RBF HD). We found among five indicators studied that only the postnatal consultation coverage in RBF HD was significantly higher (7.68%; P = 0.04) than in the non-RBF HD. Overall, our findings do not clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of RBF in improving MCH indicators in Burkina Faso.

Zombré David, De Allegri Manuela, Platt Robert W., Ridde Valery et Zinszer Kate (2019) « An Evaluation of Healthcare Use and Child Morbidity 4 Years After User Fee Removal in Rural Burkina Faso », Maternal and Child Health Journal, 23 (6) (juin), p. 777-786. DOI : 10.1007/s10995-018-02694-0. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10995-018-02694-0.

Résumé : Objectives Increasing financial access to healthcare is proposed to being essential for improving child health outcomes, but the available evidence on the relationship between increased access and health remains scarce. Four years after its launch, we evaluated the contextual effect of user fee removal intervention on the probability of an illness occurring and the likelihood of using health services among children under 5. We also explored the potential effect on the inequality in healthcare access. Methods We used a comparative cross-sectional design based upon household survey data collected years after the intervention onset in one intervention and one comparison district. Propensity scores weighting was used to achieve balance on covariates between the two districts, which was followed by logistic multilevel modelling to estimate average marginal effects (AME). Results We estimated that there was not a significant difference in the reduced probability of an illness occurring in the intervention district compared to the non-intervention district [AME 4.4; 95% CI 1.0–9.8)]. However, the probability of using health services was 17.2% (95% CI 15.0–26.6) higher among children living in the intervention district relative to the comparison district, which rose to 20.7% (95% CI 9.9–31.5) for severe illness episodes. We detected no significant differences in the probability of health services use according to socio-economic status [χ2 (5) = 12.90, p = 0.61]. Conclusions for Practice In our study, we found that user fee removal led to a significant increase in the use of health services in the longer term, but it is not adequate by itself to reduce the risk of illness occurrence and socioeconomic inequities in the use of health services.

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