Références bibliographiques

Larmarange Joseph, Kassoum Ouattara, Kakou Élise, Fradier Yves, Sika Lazare, Danel Christine et DOD-CI ANRS 12287 Study Group (2016) « Feasibility and Representativeness of a Random Sample Mobile Phone Survey in Côte d’Ivoire », Population, Vol. 71 (1) (juillet 1), p. 121-134. DOI : 10.3917/popu.1601.0121. http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=E_POPU_1601_0121.

Résumé : This short paper presents the results of an exploratory pilot survey on HIV-AIDS screening (DOD-CI) conducted in Côte d’Ivoire to test the feasibility and representativeness of a national general population survey based on a random sample of mobile phone numbers. The refusal rate was low, and below the levels habitually observed for similar surveys conducted in France. In terms of representativeness, the sample obtained was younger, more urban and more masculine than the population in general. Four HIV-AIDS screening indicators were compared with those obtained in the Demographic and Health survey (DHS) conducted in 2011-2012. Owing to differences in selection biases affecting the two surveys, the indicators were higher than those observed in the DHS 2011-2012. However, the differences observed by sex, age group, level of education and place of residence were similar. This confirms the feasibility of applying such an approach for a national survey in Côte d’Ivoire, providing that several adjustments are made, such as including non-subscribers living in the same household as a mobile phone subscriber.

Larzillière Pénélope (2016) « On suicide bombings: questioning rationalist models and logics of gender », International Review of Sociology, 27 (1) (novembre 28), p. 1-18. DOI : 10.1080/03906701.2016.1259136. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03906701.2016.1259136.

Résumé : The theories of rational choice have been widely used in analysing suicide bombings. Such a use is here critically examined along three lines. First, the limits of this theoretical framework when applied to sacrificial violence are assessed and especially the internal contradictions which appear with the notion of 'symbolic posthumous rewards'. Second, differences emerge in the use of rational choice theory when the focus is upon female suicide bombers. Indeed, deprivation theories come then to the fore, the idea of personal crisis and the impact of patriarchal social relationships. This switch in the analysis, which does not seem based on differences in the data, confirms gender studies which underline the specific difficulty to envisage female political violence. Finally, to go beyond both reductionisms, a compared analysis of suicide attacks in Chechnya, Iraq and Israel/Palestine is proposed. It aims at restituting the context of action and the narratives at work, making a clear distinction between two levels of analysis, the one of the organizations, which can largely be understood in terms of their strategic rationale, and that of the suicide bombers themselves, for whom it seems more heuristic to use the concepts of narratives and horizons of expectation.

Larzillière Pénélope (2016) « La «réforme du secteur de la sécurité» Généalogie critique du discours sécurité et développement », Revue Tiers Monde, 2-3/2016 (226-227), p. 147-170. DOI : 10.3917/rtm.226.0147. http://www.revues.armand-colin.com/geographie/revue-tiers-monde/revue-tiers-monde-ndeg-226-227-2-32016/reforme-du-secteur-securite-genealogie-critique-du-discours-securite-developpeme-0.

Résumé : La sécurité fait désormais partie des objectifs assignés aux politiques de développement. Cet article propose une approche généalogique de cette évolution et aborde la sécurité dans le développement comme un discours normatif, avec ses conditions historiques d’émergence, les rapports de pouvoir qui le sous-tendent, les effets de matérialité qu’il induit. L’analyse se concentre sur l’introduction du dispositif de réforme du secteur de la sécurité dans le développement, en s’appuyant sur une démarche comparative et également une étude de cas au Liban. Cette généalogie politique montre un processus d’imprégnation sécuritaire avec de nouvelles grilles de lecture des sociétés concernées, ainsi que des ambivalences structurelles qui influent sur les appropriations locales et nationales.

Mots-clés : développement, Dispositif, généalogie, LIBAN, réforme du secteur de la sécurité, sécurité.

Larzillière Pénélope (2016) « Compte-rendu de lecture : « Riva Kastoryano, Que faire du corps des jihadistes. Territoire et identités, Paris, Fayard, 2015 » », Revue française de science politique, n° 66/1, p. pp. 176-177.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Leservoisier Olivier (2016) « Kante Seydou, La géopolitique de l’émigration sénégalaise en France et aux États-Unis », Revue européenne des migrations internationales [En ligne], 32 (3 et 4). http://journals.openedition.org/remi/7883.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Mattern Chiarella, Pourette Dolorès, Raboanary Emma, Kesteman Thomas, Piola Patrice, Randrianarivelojosia Milijaona et Rogier Christophe (2016) « “Tazomoka Is Not a Problem”. Local Perspectives on Malaria, Fever Case Management and Bed Net Use in Madagascar », éd. par Vicki Marsh, PLOS ONE, 11 (3) (mars 4), p. e0151068. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0151068. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151068.

Résumé : Background Although its incidence has been decreasing during the last decade, malaria is still a major public health issue in Madagascar. The use of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN) remains a key malaria control intervention strategy in Madagascar, however, it encounters some obstacles. The present study aimed to explore the local terminology related to malaria, information channels about malaria, attitude towards bed nets, and health care seeking practices in case of fever. This article presents novel qualitative findings about malaria. Until now, no such data has been published for Madagascar. Methods A comparative qualitative study was carried out at four sites in Madagascar, each differing by malaria epidemiology and socio-cultural background of the populations. Seventy-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with biomedical and traditional caregivers, and members of the local population. In addition, observations of the living conditions and the uses of bed net were conducted. Results Due to the differences between local and biomedical perspectives on malaria, official messages did not have the expected impact on population in terms of prevention and care seeking behaviors. Rather, most information retained about malaria was spread through informal information circulation channels. Most interviewees perceived malaria as a disease that is simple to treat. Tazomoka (“mosquito fever”), the Malagasy biomedical word for malaria, was not used by populations. Tazo (“fever”) and tazomahery (“strong fever”) were the terms more commonly used by members of the local population to refer to malaria related symptoms. According to local perceptions in all areas, tazo and tazomahery were not caused by mosquitos. Each of these symptoms required specific health recourse. The usual fever management strategies consisted of self-medication or recourse to traditional and biomedical caregivers. Usage of bed nets was intermittent and was not directly linked to protection against malaria in the eyes of most Malagasy people. Conclusions This article highlights the conflicting understanding of malaria between local perceptions and the biomedical establishment in Madagascar. Local perceptions of malaria present a holistic vision of the disease that includes various social and cultural dimensions, rather than reflecting one universal understanding, as in the biomedical image. The consideration of this “holistic vision” and other socio-cultural aspects surrounding the understanding of malaria is essential in implementing successful control intervention strategies.

Mots-clés : Bed net, Fever, Local perceptions, MADAGASCAR, Malaria, Qualitative study.

Meyer Jean-Baptiste (2016) « Le lien entre migration et terrorisme: un tabou à déconstruire », Hommes & Migrations, 1315 (Juil-Sept), p. 49-57. DOI : 10.4000/hommesmigrations.3715.

Mick Carola (2016) « ‘Yo sé hablar, dije.’ The conditions for Peruvian domestic workers to speak out for their rights », Amérique Latine Histoire et Mémoire. Les Cahiers ALHIM [online], 31. http://alhim.revues.org/5437.

Résumé : Based on the analysis of autobiographic stories told by Peruvian domestic workers in Lima, the present article discusses the conditions for these women to stand up and speak out for their rights. Studying the speakers' use of the two verba dicendi (“verbs of speaking”) decir and hablar, it reconstructs the communicative competence these marginalised actors themselves define as necessary for their active participation in society. The analysis allows for discussing the conditions for women in Latin America to participate in the struggle against social inequalities, as well as the role and responsibility of the ethnographic research process with regard to this competence.

Mots-clés : communicative competence, domestic workers, participation, Peru, verba dicendi, ⛔ No DOI found.

Moshabela Mosa, Zuma Thembelihle, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Iwuji Collins, Larmarange Joseph, McGrath Nuala et Group on behalf of the ANRS 12249 TasP Study (2016) « “It is better to die”: experiences of traditional health practitioners within the HIV treatment as prevention trial communities in rural South Africa (ANRS 12249 TasP trial) », AIDS Care, 28 (sup3), p. 24-32. DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2016.1181296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1181296.

Résumé : The ANRS 12249 Treatment-as-Prevention (TasP) cluster-randomized trial in rural South Africa uses a “test and treat” approach. Home-based testing services and antiretroviral treatment initiation satellite clinics were implemented in every cluster as part of the trial. A social science research agenda was nested within TasP with the aim of understanding the social, economic and contextual factors that affect individuals, households, communities and health systems with respect to TasP. Considering the rural nature of the trial setting, we sought to understand community perceptions and experiences of the TasP Trial interventions as seen through the eyes of traditional health practitioners (THPs). A qualitative study design was adopted using four repeat focus group discussions conducted with nine THPs, combined with community walks and photo-voice techniques, over a period of 18 months. A descriptive, interpretive and explanatory approach to analysis was adopted. Findings indicate that THPs engaged with the home-based testing services and HIV clinics established for TasP. Specifically, home-based testing services were perceived as relatively successful in increasing access to HIV testing. A major gap observed by THPs was linkage to HIV clinics. Most of their clients, and some of the THPs themselves, found it difficult to use HIV clinics due to fear of labelling, stigma and discrimination, and the ensuing personal implications of unsolicited disclosure. On the one hand, a growing number of patients diagnosed with HIV have found sanctuary with THPs as alternatives to clinics. On the other hand, THPs in turn have been struggling to channel patients suspected of HIV into clinics through referrals. Therefore, acceptability of the TasP test and treat approach by THPs is a major boost to the intervention, but further success can be achieved through strengthened ties with communities to combat stigma and effectively link patients into HIV care, including partnerships with THPs themselves.

Nansumba Margaret, Kumbakumba Elias, Orikiriza Patrick, Muller Yolanda, Nackers Fabienne, Debeaudrap Pierre, Boum Yap et Bonnet Maryline (2016) « Detection Yield and Tolerability of String Test for Diagnosis of Childhood Intrathoracic Tuberculosis », The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 35 (2) (février), p. 146-151. DOI : 10.1097/INF.0000000000000956.

Résumé : BACKGROUND: Difficulty to obtain sputum in children complicates diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB). The intragastric string test (ST) used for retrieval of enteric pathogens might be an alternative specimen collection method but requires further evaluation of its utility in TB diagnosis. We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the TB detection yield and the tolerability of ST and sputum induction (SI) in children. METHODS: Two ST and SI procedures were performed in children (3-14 years of age) who were clinically suspected of having TB. The string was removed after a 2-hour gastric downtime, and SI was done after a maximum of 20 minutes nebulization with 5% saline solution. LED-fluorescence microscopy and mycobacterial cultures were performed on all specimens, and XpertMTB/RIF assay was performed on stored specimen sediments. Tolerability questionnaires were administered to parents of children. RESULTS: Of 137 included children (median age: 8.1 years; 33.3% with HIV infection), 14 (10.2%) were diagnosed with TB, 10 (71.4%) by ST and 12 (85.7%) by SI. Among 105 children with both ST and SI performed, 5 (4.8%) versus 4 (3.8%) were smear positive using ST and SI, respectively (McNemar P = 1.00). Nine (8.6%) in each group had positive cultures (P = 1.00). Of 64 children tested with XpertMTB/RIF, 3 (4.7%) of the ST group versus 4 (6.3%) of the SI group were TB positive (P = 1.00). No adverse serious events were reported. ST could not be performed in 22 of 137 (16.1%) children because they were unable to swallow the capsule. CONCLUSIONS: TB detection yield was comparable between ST and SI. The tolerability of ST in young children might be improved by the reduction of the size of the capsule.

PubMed entry

Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Zuma Thembelihle, Chikovore Jeremiah, Gillespie Natasha, Grant Merridy, Iwuji Collins, Larmarange Joseph, McGrath Nuala, Lert France, Imrie John et Group On Behalf of the TasP Study (2016) « Community perceptions of repeat HIV-testing: experiences of the ANRS 12249 Treatment as Prevention trial in rural South Africa », AIDS Care, 28 (sup3), p. 14-23. DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2016.1164805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1164805.

Résumé : In the context of the ANRS 12249 Treatment as Prevention (TasP) trial, we investigated perceptions of regular and repeat HIV-testing in rural KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), an area of very high HIV prevalence and incidence. We conducted two qualitative studies, before (2010) and during the early implementation stages of the trial (2013–2014), to appreciate the evolution in community perceptions of repeat HIV-testing over this period of rapid changes in HIV-testing and treatment approaches. Repeated focus group discussions were organized with young adults, older adults and mixed groups. Repeat and regular HIV-testing was overall well perceived before, and well received during, trial implementation. Yet community members were not able to articulate reasons why people might want to test regularly or repeatedly, apart from individual sexual risk-taking. Repeat home-based HIV-testing was considered as feasible and convenient, and described as more acceptable than clinic-based HIV-testing, mostly because of privacy and confidentiality. However, socially regulated discourses around appropriate sexual behaviour and perceptions of stigma and prejudice regarding HIV and sexual risk-taking were consistently reported. This study suggests several avenues to improve HIV-testing acceptability, including implementing diverse and personalised approaches to HIV-testing and care, and providing opportunities for antiretroviral therapy initiation and care at home.

Pallikadavath Saseendran, Rajan S Irudaya et Wilson Chris (2016) « Impact of low fertility and early age at sterilisation on women’s formal education and skill development in South India », Journal of Population Research, 33 (3), p. 199-220. DOI : 10.1007/s12546-016-9167-y.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2016) « États et compagnies pétrolières nationales : des acteurs du futur ou du passé ? », Politique étrangère, Été (2), p. 171-181. DOI : 10.3917/pe.162.0171. http://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-etrangere-2016-2-page-171.htm.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2016) « A Sectarian Jihad in Nigeria: The Case of Boko Haram », Small Wars & Insurgencies, 27 (5) (septembre 2), p. 878-895. DOI : 10.1080/09592318.2016.1208286. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09592318.2016.1208286.

Philibert Aline, Ravit Marion, Ridde Valéry, Dossa Nissou Inès, Bonnet Emmanuel, Bedecarrats Florent et Dumont Alexandre (2016) « Maternal and neonatal health impact of obstetrical risk insurance scheme in Mauritania: a quasi experimental before-and-after study », Health Policy and Planning (octobre 22), p. 13. DOI : 10.1093/heapol/czw142. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/heapol/czw142.

Piantoni Frédéric (2016) « Trente ans d’immigration en Guyane », Après-demain, N ° 39, NF (3), p. 27-31. DOI : 10.3917/apdem.039.0027. http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=APDEM_039_0027.

Résumé : Les immigrés anciens ou récents restent confrontés à des discriminations directes ou indirectes. Aujourd’hui, leurs enfants, la première génération des « nés en Guyane de parents immigrés » ayant entre 16 et 25 ans, contribuent à la société guyanaise. Ce processus d’intégration, qui dans le discours régional renvoie aux origines, semble, dans les faits, tributaire des contraintes économiques et sociales

Snapshot (source)

Plazy Mélanie, Farouki Kamal El, Iwuji Collins, Okesola Nonhlanhla, Orne-Gliemann Joanna, Larmarange Joseph, Lert France, Newell Marie-Louise, Dabis François et Dray-Spira Rosemary (2016) « Access to HIV care in the context of universal test and treat: challenges within the ANRS 12249 TasP cluster-randomized trial in rural South Africa », Journal of the International AIDS Society, 19 (1) (juin 1), p. 1-12. DOI : 10.7448/IAS.19.1.20913. http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/20913.

Prigent Steven (2016) « « L’éducation monastique et scolaire dans le Cambodge rural à la fin de l’époque coloniale, selon l’écrivain Chuth Khay » », Bulletin de l’Association d’échanges et de formation pour les études khmères, 21.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Quet Mathieu (2016) « Sécurité pharmaceutique, technologie et marché en Afrique. La lutte contre les médicaments illicites au Kenya », Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances, 10 (2), p. 197-217. DOI : 10.3917/rac.031.0197. https://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RAC_031_0197.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2016) « Introduction. La société syrienne, entre résilience et fragmentation », éd. par Elisabeth LONGUENESSE, Confluences Méditerranée, 99 (4), p. 9-18. https://www.cairn.info/revue-confluences-mediterranee-2016-4-p-9.htm.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2016) « La société syrienne, entre résilience et fragmentation », éd. par Elisabeth LONGUENESSE, Confluences Méditerranée, 99 (4). https://www.cairn.info/revue-confluences-mediterranee-2016-4.htm.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Russell Jane Margaret, Hernandez-Garcia Yoscelina et Kleiche-Dray Mina (2016) « Collaboration dynamics of Mexican research in chemistry and its relationship with communication patterns », Scientometrics, 109 (1), p. 283-316. DOI : 10.1007/s11192-016-2069-0.

Résumé : This paper looks at the patterns of collaborative scientific output during the first 10 years of the New Millennium (2000-2009) based on Web of Science data for those Mexican institutions and departments known to be researching in Chemistry. Of the 17,109 papers retrieved 76.9 % were in collaboration, with 34.3 % of these involving foreign institutions. We analysed the collaboration links with foreign partners using visualizations and their dynamics by determining the combination and frequency of individual occurrences and by establishing the sequence found in our country co-authorship chains. Bilateral partnerships were the most common predominantly with the USA and to the lesser extent with Spain. These two countries are also the protagonists of the most frequent trilateral co-authorships. Collaboration with other Latin American countries is infrequent and mainly bilateral. The number of partner countries increased from 75 to 92 from the first to the second quinquennium. With respect to the countries emerging in the second period we find a greater occurrence and repetition of bilateral partnerships and a notable presence of Mexico's main industrialised partners in the corresponding chains. Similar numbers of journals were found for national and international collaborative papers with important differences but several coincidences. The subject range of journals was diverse in both cases, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the field but with an important presence of titles specializing in subfields of Chemistry. Our findings provide new insight into the way countries interact and communicate when co-authoring with developing countries.

Scetti Fabio (2016) « Dialectal Variation of the Portuguese Language. Evolution of the Portuguese Language in the Context of Migration: the" comunidade portuguesa" of Montreal », LIMITE-REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS PORTUGUESES Y DE LA LUSOFONIA, 10 (1), p. 107-119.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Scetti Fabio (2016) « La langue portugaise se protège au sein de sa forteresse : la “communauté portugaise” de Montréal », Études Canadiennes – Canadian Studies, 80, p. 187-202. DOI : 10.4000/eccs.720.

Résumé : Cette contribution est issue d’une enquête ethnographique en sociolinguistique sur la « communauté portugaise » à Montréal. Suite à la recherche de terrain conduite à Montréal en 2011 et en 2014, nous avons pu réaliser deux typologies d’analyse. Dans un premier temps, grâce à l’analyse linguistique, nous avons observé sept « éléments de fragilité » de la langue portugaise parlée au sein du groupe, qui montrent son degré d’érosion. Ensuite, en analysant les discours épilinguistiques, nous avons pu souligner différents statuts donnés à la langue et surtout son rôle comme marqueur identitaire de la « communauté ».

Scetti Fabio (2016) « Variación dialectal de la lengua portuguesa. Evolución de la lengua portuguesa en un contexto de migración: la “comunidade portuguesa” de Montreal », Limite, 10 (1), p. 109-121.

Résumé : Esta comunicación aborda la temática de la evolución de la lengua portuguesa en un contexto de la migración. La “comunidade portuguesa” de Montreal representa un ejemplo de integración lingüística intragrupo unida y fuerte, en un contexto urbano complejo, como el de la ciudad canadiense. Observando las prácticas de la lengua, nuestro estudio se concentra sobre el análisis de 7 elementos de “fragilidad” de la estructura de la lengua, consecuencias de la situación de contacto, debido a las influencias del contexto y del francés y del inglés, lenguas dominantes. En esta visión de erosión de la lengua, varios discursos se crean sobre su definición, sus límites y su continuación en el futuro. Hoy en día, la lengua portuguesa puede sobrevivir en este nuevo contexto y transmitirse de generación en generación, promocionándose como lengua internacional y del futuro, pero sobre todo realzándose como marca fundamental de la identidad del grupo.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Scetti Fabio (2016) « Langues et migrations La langue et son parcours dans le temps et dans l’espace : La « communauté portugaise » à Montréal », Cahiers de l’Urmis [En ligne], 16. http://urmis.revues.org/1301.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Schantz Clémence (2016) « ‘Cousue pour être belle’ : quand l’institution médicale construit le corps féminin au Cambodge », Cahiers du genre, 2 (61), p. 131-150. DOI : 10.3917/cdge.061.0131. https://www-cairn-info.frodon.univ-paris5.fr/revue-cahiers-du-genre-2016-2-page-131.html.

Résumé : La périnéorraphie est une pratique chirurgicale biomédicale qui vise à resserrer fortement le périnée des femmes après un accouchement par voie basse. Au Cambodge, par cette pratique, et à travers l’institution biomédicale, les soignant·e·s construisent un corps féminin qui s’inscrit dans une représentation symbolique du corps fortement genrée, où le corps féminin, faible et vulnérable, doit être façonné sur mesure, de manière à répondre aux attentes du corps masculin. Cet article souhaite montrer qu’en rendant les femmes conformes à leur rôle d’épouse, l’institution biomédicale participe à la reproduction de la structure ; il vise également à interroger les logiques des acteurs, notamment l’incorporation de la pratique par les soignantes qui disent rendre ainsi service aux autres femmes.

Mots-clés : Cambodge, corps, DOMINATION, MASCULINE, ORDRE SOCIAL, PÉRINÉORRAPHIE, SEXUALITÉ, VULNÉRABILITÉ.

Schantz Clémence, Sim Kruy Leang, Petit Véronique, Rany Heng et Goyet Sophie (2016) « Factors associated with caesarean sections in Phnom Penh, Cambodia », Reproductive Health Matters, 24 (48) (novembre), p. 111-121. DOI : 10.1016/j.rhm.2016.11.009. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0968808016300453.

Mots-clés : caesarean section, Cambodia, Gender, mixed method, over-medicalization, social control.

Serris Alexandra, Zoungrana Jacques, Diallo Mamadou, Toby Roselyne, Mpoudi Ngolle Mireille, Le Gac Sylvie, Coutherut Julie, Cournil Amandine, Debeaudrap Pierre, Koulla-Shiro Sinata, Delaporte Eric et Ciaffi Laura (2016) « Getting pregnant in HIV clinical trials : women's choice and safety needs. The experience from the ANRS12169-2LADY and ANRS12286-MOBIDIP trials », HIV Clinical Trials, 17 (6), p. 233-241. DOI : 10.1080/15284336.2016.1248624.

Résumé : Introduction: Pregnancy is an exclusion criteria in most clinical trials involving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and modern contraception methods are systematically proposed to women of childbearing age. Nevertheless pregnancies are often observed. Reproductive choices during clinical trials should be understood to adapt interventions to the level of risk for mother and baby safety. Our goal was to describe the reproductive behavior and pregnancy outcomes among HIV-infected women on second-line antiretroviral treatment enrolled in two clinical trials and to compare them with those of HIV-positive women in non-research settings.Methods: The number and outcomes of pregnancies were recorded among 281 non menopausal women enrolled in the ANRS 12169-2LADY and ANRS 12286-MOBIDIP clinical trials in Cameroon, Senegal and Burkina Faso. All participants had agreed to use a least one contraceptive method (barrier or non-barrier) which was provided for free during the study. Data were collected through revision of pregnancy notification forms and by data extraction from the study database, regularly updated and checked during the study.Results: Sixty-six women had 84 pregnancies between January 2010 and July 2015 resulting in a pregnancy rate of 8.0 per 100 women-years (WY) (95% CI 6.5-9.9) which is similar to the ones observed in cohort studies in Sub-Saharan Africa (varying from 2.5 to 9.4 pregnancies per 100 WY). Among 60 live births, 10 (16.6%) were born prematurely and 9 (15%) had a low birth weight. Sixteen miscarriages/stillbirths occurred (19.5%). This percentage is comparable to the one expected in the seronegative population which is reassuring for HIV-positive women considering pregnancy on ART. Only one minor birth defect was diagnosed. In univariate and multivariate analysis, miscarriages/stillbirths were not associated either with age, nadir of CD4 count, duration of ART, CD4 count, or viral load at the beginning of pregnancy.Conclusion: HIV-positive women participating in clinical trials conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa tend to get pregnant as often as seropositive women who received medical care in non-research settings. It is therefore essential to adopt a pragmatic approach by re-evaluating the relevance of the criteria for exclusion of pregnant women according to the risk associated with exposure and to seek more effective and innovating contraceptive strategies when using potentially teratogenic molecules.

Mots-clés : Clinical trial, HIV, pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcomes.

Souza Jao Paulo, Betran Ana Pilar, Dumont Alexandre, de Mucio B., Gibbs Pickens Cassandra M, Deneux-Tharaux Catherine, Ortiz-Panozo E, Sullivan Eduardeo, Ota Erika, Togoobaatar G, Carroli Guillermo, Knight Hannah E, Zhang J, Cecatti Jg, Vogel Jp, Jayaratne K, Leal Mc, Gissler M, Morisaki N, Lack N, Oladapo Ot, Tunçalp ö, Lumbiganon P, Mori R, Quintana S, Costa Passos Ad, Marcolin Ac, Zongo A., Blondel B, Hernández B, Hogue Cj, Prunet C, Landman C, Ochir C, Cuesta C, Pileggi-Castro C, Walker D, Alves D, Abalos E, Moises Ecd, Vieira Em, Duarte G, Perdona G, Gurol-Urganci I, Takahiko K, Moscovici L, Campodonico L, Oliveira-Ciabati L, Laopaiboon M, Danansuriya M, Nakamura-Pereira M, Costa Ml, Torloni Mr, Kramer Mr, Borges P, Olkhanud Pb, Pérez-Cuevas R., Agampodi Sb., Mittal S., Serruya S., Bataglia V., Li Z., Temmerman M. et Gülmezoglu Am (2016) « A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study », BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 123 (3) (février), p. 427-436. DOI : 10.1111/1471-0528.13509. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1471-0528.13509.

Subnational Estimates Working Group of the HIV Modelling Consortium (2016) « Evaluation of geospatial methods to generate subnational HIV prevalence estimates for local level planning », AIDS (London, England), 30 (9) (juin 1), p. 1467-1474. DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001075.

Résumé : OBJECTIVE: There is evidence of substantial subnational variation in the HIV epidemic. However, robust spatial HIV data are often only available at high levels of geographic aggregation and not at the finer resolution needed for decision making. Therefore, spatial analysis methods that leverage available data to provide local estimates of HIV prevalence may be useful. Such methods exist but have not been formally compared when applied to HIV. DESIGN/METHODS: Six candidate methods - including those used by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS to generate maps and a Bayesian geostatistical approach applied to other diseases - were used to generate maps and subnational estimates of HIV prevalence across three countries using cluster level data from household surveys. Two approaches were used to assess the accuracy of predictions: internal validation, whereby a proportion of input data is held back (test dataset) to challenge predictions; and comparison with location-specific data from household surveys in earlier years. RESULTS: Each of the methods can generate usefully accurate predictions of prevalence at unsampled locations, with the magnitude of the error in predictions similar across approaches. However, the Bayesian geostatistical approach consistently gave marginally the strongest statistical performance across countries and validation procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Available methods may be able to furnish estimates of HIV prevalence at finer spatial scales than the data currently allow. The subnational variation revealed can be integrated into planning to ensure responsiveness to the spatial features of the epidemic. The Bayesian geostatistical approach is a promising strategy for integrating HIV data to generate robust local estimates.

Temporal Franck et Brutel Chantal (2016) « La mesure des flux migratoires entre la France et l’étranger : et si on parlait (aussi) d’émigration ? », Revue européenne des migrations internationales, 32 (364) (décembre 1), p. 215-229. DOI : 10.4000/remi.8270. http://journals.openedition.org/remi/8270.

Résumé : La mesure des flux migratoires a toujours été complexe et délicate. Au cours des dernières décennies, la connaissance des flux d’immigration et surtout d’émigration est restée incomplète rendant difficiles les comparaisons internationales. La nouvelle méthode d’estimation des flux migratoires entre la France et l’étranger, mise au point par l’Insee et présentée dans cet article, nous offre une vision globale des migrations, en ce qu’elle permet de traiter, pour la première fois, de la question des sorties du territoire français, de la part d’étrangers, mais aussi de nationaux. Les premiers résultats de la période récente (2006-2014) indiquent que si la France reste un pays d’immigration, elle est aussi un pays de départ et donc un territoire d’émigration., The measure of migratory flows has always been a difficult and awkward task. During the last decades, the knowledge about immigration flows, and specially emigration flows, has been incomplete, making difficult any international comparison. A new methodology for estimating flows between France and other countries, designed by Insee and presented in this article, offers a global vision of migrations, insofar as, for the first time departures from French territory are taken into account (not only of foreigners, but also of nationals). The first results for the period 2006-2014 show that, even if France remains an immigration country, people also leave it, so it is also an emigration territory., La medición de los flujos migratorios ha sido siempre compleja y delicada. En las últimas décadas, los trabajos sobre los flujos de inmigrantes y, sobretodo, de emigrantes, han sido muy limitados, dificultando así toda posibilidad de realizar estudios comparativos a nivel internacional. El nuevo método de cálculo de flujos migratorios entre Francia y otros países, actualizado por el Insee y presentado en este artículo, nos ofrece una visión global de las migraciones, permitiendo analizar por primera vez no solo la salida de extranjeros del territorio francés, sino también la de los propios nacionales. Los primeros resultados relativos al periodo 2006-2014 indican que, aunque Francia sigue siendo un país de inmigración, es también un territorio desde el cual «se producen» salidas, y por tanto, es un país de emigración.

Mots-clés : Circulation migratoire, Départ, Emigration, Entrée, Etrangers, Flux, Français, Méthodologie, Retour.

Snapshot (source)

Tort Julie, Traoré Mamadou, Hounkpatin Benjamin, Bodin Cécile, Rozenberg Patrick et Dumont Alexandre (2016) « Initial management of postpartum hemorrhage: A cohort study in Benin and Mali », International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 135 (S1) (novembre), p. S84-S88. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.08.016. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.08.016.

Varas Catalina, Ravit Marion, Mimoun Camille, Panel Pierre, Huchon Cyrille et Fauconnier Arnaud (2016) « Optimal Combination of Non-Invasive Tools for the Early Detection of Potentially Life-Threatening Emergencies in Gynecology », éd. par Shengtao Zhou, PLOS ONE, 11 (9) (septembre 1), p. e0162301. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0162301. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162301.

Vermot Cécile (2016) « Copans Jean, 2014, Georges Balandier. Un anthropologue en première ligne. Paris, PUF », Journal des africanistes, 86 (2), p. 227-228. DOI : 10.4000/africanistes.5138. http://journals.openedition.org/africanistes/5138.

Résumé : Jean Copans, anthropologue et sociologue, professeur émérite des universités (Amiens et Paris-Descartes) présente dans ce livre la généalogie intellectuelle de Georges Balandier. Il analyse un corpus d’une cinquantaine d’ouvrages en effectuant une analyse fine des notes, para-notes, titres et références qu’ils comportent. La pensée de Balandier, à la fois anthropologue, sociologue et écrivain, n’est pas présentée par Copans de manière chronologique. L’ouvrage comporte sept chapitres présentés...

Wang Simeng (2016) « ‪Souffrances psychiques et mobilité sociale ascendante‪. Le cas des adolescents français d’origine chinoise à Paris », Hommes & Migrations, 1314 (2), p. 11-18. DOI : 10.4000/hommesmigrations.3625. http://www.cairn.info/revue-hommes-et-migrations-2016-2-page-11.htm.

Résumé : Ce numéro présente les migrations chinoises dans le monde – en Europe, au Canada,en Zambie, au Japon et en Chine – sous l’angle des dynamiques familiales. Les travaux pluridisciplinaires récents analysent l’intégration socio-économique des descendants de migrants chinois, tout comme celle des anciens, pionniers de la migration ou grands-parents venus rejoindre leur famille, en observant leurs relations avec les institutions (école, santé) et leurs activités associatives. De manière plus transversale, les questions de l’image de soi et des autres, de représentations sociales et politiques et de transmission culturelle montrent combien ces générations, inscrites parfois malgré elles dans la problématique migratoire, entament des négociations nécessaires pour trouver leur place au sein des sociétés dans lesquelles elles vivent.

Wang Simeng (2016) « Entre stratégie et moralité: Des migrants chinois en situation irrégulière face à la « clause de maladie » », Politix, 114 (2), p. 205. DOI : 10.3917/pox.114.0203. http://www.cairn.info/revue-politix-2016-2-page-205.htm.

Wang Simeng (2016) « « Aidez-nous à comprendre vos Chinois ! »: Conditions de possibilités de la légitimation du sociologue en milieu psychiatrique », Genèses, 105 (4), p. 141. DOI : 10.3917/gen.105.0141. http://www.cairn.info/revue-geneses-2016-4-page-141.htm.

Wang Simeng (2016) « ‪Le parcours atypique d’une psychiatre française née en Chine‪. Entretien avec Chengnan Zhan », Hommes & Migrations, 1314 (2), p. 21-25. DOI : 10.4000/hommesmigrations.3626. http://www.cairn.info/revue-hommes-et-migrations-2016-2-page-21.htm.

Résumé : Ce numéro présente les migrations chinoises dans le monde – en Europe, au Canada,en Zambie, au Japon et en Chine – sous l’angle des dynamiques familiales. Les travaux pluridisciplinaires récents analysent l’intégration socio-économique des descendants de migrants chinois, tout comme celle des anciens, pionniers de la migration ou grands-parents venus rejoindre leur famille, en observant leurs relations avec les institutions (école, santé) et leurs activités associatives. De manière plus transversale, les questions de l’image de soi et des autres, de représentations sociales et politiques et de transmission culturelle montrent combien ces générations, inscrites parfois malgré elles dans la problématique migratoire, entament des négociations nécessaires pour trouver leur place au sein des sociétés dans lesquelles elles vivent.

Wang Simeng et Le Bail Hélène (2016) « ‪Migrations chinoises, de génération en génération‪ », Hommes & Migrations, 1314 (2), p. 6-8. DOI : 10.4000/hommesmigrations.3623. http://www.cairn.info.frodon.univ-paris5.fr/revue-hommes-et-migrations-2016-2-page-6.htm.

Wang Simeng et Schwartz Boris (2016) « ‪Des personnes âgées d’origine chinoise à Belleville ‪. Parcours migratoires, dynamiques familiales et participation à la vie du quartier », Hommes & Migrations, 1314 (2), p. 103-112. DOI : 10.4000/hommesmigrations.3693. http://www.cairn.info/revue-hommes-et-migrations-2016-2-page-103.htm.

Résumé : Ce numéro présente les migrations chinoises dans le monde – en Europe, au Canada,en Zambie, au Japon et en Chine – sous l’angle des dynamiques familiales. Les travaux pluridisciplinaires récents analysent l’intégration socio-économique des descendants de migrants chinois, tout comme celle des anciens, pionniers de la migration ou grands-parents venus rejoindre leur famille, en observant leurs relations avec les institutions (école, santé) et leurs activités associatives. De manière plus transversale, les questions de l’image de soi et des autres, de représentations sociales et politiques et de transmission culturelle montrent combien ces générations, inscrites parfois malgré elles dans la problématique migratoire, entament des négociations nécessaires pour trouver leur place au sein des sociétés dans lesquelles elles vivent.

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