Références bibliographiques

Simo Fotso Arlette et Bekelynck Anne (2021) « Les personnels soignants face à l'épidémie de COVID-19 au Burkina Faso : résultats de l'étude CAP-CoV-BF » (communication orale), présenté à APHRO-COV Webinaire N 19, Vol., 19, Online. (Webinaire). https://aphro-cov.com/ressources_liste/cap-cov-bf-les-resultats-de-lenquete/.

Simo Fotso Arlette, Diouf Ibrahima et Duthé Géraldine (2021) Concentration spatiale du handicap au fil des âges au Sénégal, WORKING PAPER DEMOSTAF (12), Paris, France : Ined (DEMOSTAF), 28 p. https://www.ined.fr/fichier/rte/158/WP12.pdf.

Résumé : En Afrique, le handicap est une préoccupation de santé publique émergente. Pour les pouvoirs publics, il est essentiel de quantifier et de décrire les incapacités engendrées par les problèmes de santé que connaissent les populations de manière à identifier les besoins en matière d’assistance ou d’aménagement du territoire. Le dernier recensement du Sénégal de 2013 permet d’identifier les enfants (10-17 ans), les adultes (18-59 ans) et les personnes âgées (60 ans et plus) ayant des limitations fonctionnelles, cognitives ou des restrictions d’activités. L’objectif de ce chapitre est de décrire la distribution géographique de la prévalence du handicap au niveau des communes et de confirmer des phénomènes de concentration spatiale qui sont à mettre en lien avec des facteurs écologiques.

Sjoberg Daniel D., Curry Michael, Larmarange Joseph, Lavery Jessica, Whiting Karissa, Zabor Emily C., Bai Xing, Drill Esther, Flynn Jessica, Hannum Margie, Lobaugh Stephanie et Wainberg Gustavo Zapata (2021) Gtsummary: Presentation-Ready Data Summary and Analytic Result Tables, version 1.5.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gtsummary.

Résumé : Creates presentation-ready tables summarizing data sets, regression models, and more. The code to create the tables is concise and highly customizable. Data frames can be summarized with any function, e.g. mean(), median(), even user-written functions. Regression models are summarized and include the reference rows for categorical variables. Common regression models, such as logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression, are automatically identified and the tables are pre-filled with appropriate column headers.

Sjoberg Daniel D., Whiting Karissa, Curry Michael, Lavery Jessica A. et Larmarange Joseph (2021) « The R Journal: Reproducible Summary Tables with the gtsummary Package », The R Journal, 13 (1) (août), p. 570-580. DOI : 10.32614/RJ-2021-053. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2021-053/.

Résumé : The gtsummary package provides an elegant and flexible way to create publication-ready summary tables in R. A critical part of the work of statisticians, data scientists, and analysts is summarizing data sets and regression models in R and publishing or sharing polished summary tables. The gtsummary package was created to streamline these everyday analysis tasks by allowing users to easily create reproducible summaries of data sets, regression models, survey data, and survival data with a simple interface and very little code. The package follows a tidy framework, making it easy to integrate with standard data workflows, and offers many table customization features through function arguments, helper functions, and custom themes.

Spinu Vitalie, Grolemund Garrett, Wickham Hadley, Vaughan Davis, Lyttle Ian, Costigan Imanuel, Law Jason, Mitarotonda Doug, Larmarange Joseph, Boiser Jonathan, Lee Chel Hee et Inc Google (2021) Lubridate: Make Dealing with Dates a Little Easier, version 1.8.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lubridate.

Résumé : Functions to work with date-times and time-spans: fast and user friendly parsing of date-time data, extraction and updating of components of a date-time (years, months, days, hours, minutes, and seconds), algebraic manipulation on date-time and time-span objects. The 'lubridate' package has a consistent and memorable syntax that makes working with dates easy and fun. Parts of the 'CCTZ' source code, released under the Apache 2.0 License, are included in this package. See <https://github.com/google/cctz> for more details.

Mots-clés : ReproducibleResearch, TimeSeries.

Stennett Jack, Hou Renyou, Traverson Lola, Ridde Valéry, Zinszer Kate et Chabrol Fanny (2021) « Lessons learned from the resilience of Chinese hospitals to the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review ». DOI : 10.1101/2021.03.15.21253509. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.21253509v1.

Résumé : <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought huge strain on hospitals worldwide, the resilience shown by China’s hospitals appears to have been a critical factor in their successful response to the pandemic. This paper aims to determine the key findings, recommendations and lessons learned in terms of hospital resilience during the pandemic, as well as the quality and limitations of research in this field at present.</p><p>We conducted a scoping review of evidence on the resilience of hospitals in China during the COVID-19 crisis in the first half of 2020. Two online databases (the CNKI and WHO databases) were used to identify papers meeting the eligibility criteria, from which we selected 59 publications (English: n= 26; Chinese: n= 33). After extracting the data, we present an information synthesis using a resilience framework.</p><p>We found that much research was rapidly produced in the first half of 2020, describing certain strategies used to improve hospital resilience, particularly in three key areas: human resources; management and communication; and security, hygiene and planning. Our search revealed that considerable attention was focused on interventions related to training, healthcare worker well-being, e-health/ telemedicine, and work organization, while other areas, such as hospital financing, information systems and healthcare infrastructure, were less well represented in the literature.</p><p>We identified a number of lessons learned regarding how China’s hospitals have maintained resilience when confronted with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, we also noted that the literature was dominated by descriptive case studies, often lacking consideration of methodological limitations, and that there was a lack of both highly-focused research on individual interventions and holistic research that attempted to unite the topics within a resilience framework. Research on Chinese hospitals would benefit from a greater range of analysis in order to draw more nuanced and contextualised lessons from the responses to the crisis.</p>

Sturmberg Joachim, Paul Elisabeth, Van Damme Wim, Ridde Valery, Brown Garrett W. et Kalk Andreas (2021) « The danger of the single storyline obfuscating the complexities of managing SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 », Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice (novembre 25), p. jep.13640. DOI : 10.1111/jep.13640. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jep.13640.

Temporal Franck (2021) « Saint-Laurent du Maroni sous pression démographique », in Oyapock et Maroni: portraits d'estuaires amazoniens (Dir. A. Gardel et D. Davy), Versailles : Éditions Quae, p. 86-87. (Beaux livres). ISBN : 978-2-7592-3274-1.

Résumé : Cet ouvrage illustré nous permet de découvrir les richesses environnementales et culturelles de la Guyane tout en nous sensibilisant aux grands défis environnementaux, humains et économiques auquel la région doit faire face

Temporal Franck (2021) Migrations, emplois et inégalités à l'île de La Réunion (1946-1999) Quel apport pour la compréhension du développement ?, Paris : L'Harmattan, 298 p. ISBN : 978-2-343-21514-3. https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=68224.

Résumé : Depuis la départementalisation (1946), l’île de La Réunion a connu de profondes mutations et des transitions multiples (politique, épidémiologique, démographique, familiale, économique et sociale) dont la caractéristique commune est leur simultanéité et leur rapidité. Au passage au 21ème siècle, le développement de La Réunion peut être considéré comme réussi du point de vue des indicateurs « macro » (hausse des niveaux de vie, du niveau de formation, allongement de l’espérance de vie, croissance économique forte) mais il convient de relativiser le caractère positif de ces évolutions au niveau individuel en raison du maintien d’inégalités sociales marquées et du niveau élevé du chômage. L’approche individuelle du développement permet de constater que les jeunes, les femmes et les moins diplômés sont les plus exposés au non-emploi et à la pauvreté. Les dispositifs existants et notamment les transferts sociaux ne viennent atténuer que partiellement ces inégalités entre individus et ne parviennent pas à résoudre le problème du chômage compte tenu de la croissance soutenue de la population active. Dans ce contexte, ce livre s’interroge sur la place et le rôle de la migration dans le processus de développement d’une société insulaire comme La Réunion sur la période 1946-1999. La migration a presque toujours été l’outil d’ajustement de la main d’œuvre privilégié par les pouvoirs publics avec pour objectif principal de réguler la croissance démographique et de résoudre les problèmes économiques et sociaux de la population de l’île.

Testoni Federico E., García Carrillo Mercedes, Gagnon Marc-André, Rikap Cecilia et Blaustein Matías (2021) « Whose shoulders is health research standing on? Determining the key actors and contents of the prevailing biomedical research agenda », éd. par Quinn Grundy, PLOS ONE, 16 (4) (avril 7), p. e0249661. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0249661. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249661.

Résumé : Background Conflicts of interest in biomedical research can influence research results and drive research agendas away from public health priorities. Previous agenda-setting studies share two shortfalls: they only account for direct connections between academic institutions and firms, as well as potential bias based on researchers’ personal beliefs. This paper’s goal is to determine the key actors and contents of the prevailing health and biomedical sciences (HBMS) research agenda, overcoming these shortfalls. Methods We performed a bibliometric and lexical analysis of 95,415 scientific articles published between 1999 and 2018 in the highest impact factor journals within HBMS, using the Web of Science database and the CorText platform. HBMS’s prevailing knowledge network of institutions was proxied with network maps where nodes represent affiliations and edges the most frequent co-authorships. The content of the prevailing HBMS research agenda was depicted through network maps of prevalent multi-terms found in titles, keywords, and abstracts. Results The HBMS research agendas of large private firms and leading academic institutions are intertwined. The prevailing HBMS agenda is mostly based on molecular biology (40% of the most frequent multi-terms), with an inclination towards cancer and cardiovascular research (15 and 8% of the most frequent multi-terms, respectively). Studies on pathogens and biological vectors related to recent epidemics are marginal (1% of the most frequent multi-terms). Content of the prevailing HBMS research agenda prioritizes research on pharmacological intervention over research on socio-environmental factors influencing disease onset or progression and overlooks, among others, the study of infectious diseases. Conclusions Pharmaceutical corporations contribute to set HBMS’s prevailing research agenda, which is mainly focused on a few diseases and research topics. A more balanced research agenda, together with epistemological approaches that consider socio-environmental factors associated with disease spreading, could contribute to being better prepared to prevent and treat more diverse pathologies and to improve overall health outcomes.

Tine Jean Augustin, Petit Véronique, Ridde Valery, Faye Adama, Seck Ibrahima et Thiam Mamadou Habib (2021) « Gestion de la Santé mentale pendant la pandémie de Covid-19 au Sénégal : analyse réflexive », Colloque présenté à 3e Journées de l’Association Sénégalaise des Professionnels de Santé Publique et Premières Journées Médicales de l’UFR des Sciences de la Santé, décembre 4, Université Assane Seck, Ziguinchor, Sénégal.

Touzani Rajae, Schultz Emilien, Holmes Seth M, Vandentorren Stéphanie, Arwidson Pierre, Guillemin Francis, Rey Dominique, Rouquette Alexandra, Bouhnik Anne-Déborah et Mancini Julien (2021) « Early Acceptability of a Mobile App for Contact Tracing During the COVID-19 Pandemic in France: National Web-Based Survey », JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9 (7) (juillet 19), p. e27768. DOI : 10.2196/27768. https://mhealth.jmir.org/2021/7/e27768.

Résumé : Background Several countries have implemented mobile apps in an attempt to trace close contacts of patients with COVID-19 and, in turn, reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, the effectiveness of this approach depends on the adherence of a large segment of the population. Objective The aims of this study were to evaluate the acceptability of a COVID-19 contact tracing mobile app among the French population and to investigate the barriers to its use. Methods The Health Literacy Survey 2019 questioned 1003 people in France during the COVID-19 pandemic on the basis of quota sampling. The survey collected sociodemographic characteristics and health literacy data, as well as information on participants’ communication with caregivers, trust in institutions, and COVID-19 knowledge and preventive behaviors. The acceptability of a mobile app for contact tracing was measured by a single question, the responses to which were grouped into three modalities: app-supporting, app-willing, and app-reluctant. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the acceptability of a mobile app during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Only 19.2% (193/1003) of all participants were app-supporting, whereas half of them (504/1003, 50.3%) were reluctant. The factors associated with willingness or support toward the contact tracing app included lower financial deprivation (app-willing: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.8, 95% CI 0.69-0.93; app-supporting: aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.58-0.84) and higher perceived usefulness of using a mobile app to send completed health questionnaires to doctors (app-willing: aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.70-3.26; app-supporting: aOR 3.1, 95% CI 2.04-4.82). Furthermore, the likelihood of supporting the mobile app increased with age over 60 years (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.13-3.22), trust in political representatives (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.72-4.23), feeling concerned about the pandemic situation (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.47-3.32), and knowledge about the transmission of COVID-19 (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.39-2.96). Conclusions The most socioeconomically precarious people, who are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, are also the most reluctant to using a contact tracing mobile app. Therefore, optimal adherence can only be effective with a targeted discourse on public health benefits to adopt such an app, which should be combined with a reduction in inequalities by acting on structural determinants.

Traverson Lola, Stennett Jack, Mathevet Isadora, Zacarias Amanda Correia Paes, Sousa Karla Paz de, Andrade Andrea, Zinszer Kate et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Learning from the resilience of hospitals and their staff to the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review », medRxiv. DOI : 10.1101/2021.04.22.21255908. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.21255908v1.

Résumé : <h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has brought huge strain on hospitals worldwide. It is crucial that we gain a deeper understanding of hospital resilience in this unprecedented moment. This paper aims to report the key strategies and recommendations in terms of hospitals and professionals’ resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the quality and limitations of research in this field at present.</p><h3>Methods</h3> <p>We conducted a scoping review of evidence on the resilience of hospitals and their staff during the COVID-19 crisis in the first half of 2020. The Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library website was used to identify papers meeting the eligibility criteria, from which we selected 65 publications. After having extracted data, we presented the results synthesis using an “effects-strategies-impacts” resilience framework.</p><h3>Results</h3> <p>We found a wealth of research rapidly produced in the first half of 2020, describing different strategies used to improve hospitals’ resilience, particularly in terms of 1) planning, management, and security, and 2) human resources. Research focuses mainly on interventions related to healthcare workers’ well-being and mental health, protection protocols, space reorganization, personal protective equipment and resources management, work organization, training, e-health and the use of technologies. Hospital financing, information and communication, and governance were less represented in the literature.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>The selected literature was dominated by quantitative descriptive case studies, sometimes lacking consideration of methodological limitations. The review revealed a lack of holistic research attempting to unite the topics within a resilience framework. Research on hospitals resilience would benefit from a greater range of analysis to draw more nuanced and contextualized lessons from the multiple specific responses to the crisis. We identified key strategies on how hospitals maintained their resilience when confronted with the COVID-19 pandemic and a range of recommendations for practice.</p>

Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie, Gali Gali Idriss Ali et Ridde Valéry (2021) « The unintended consequences of COVID-19 mitigation measures matter: practical guidance for investigating them », BMC Medical Research Methodology, 21 (1) (décembre), p. 28. DOI : 10.1186/s12874-020-01200-x. https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12874-020-01200-x.

Résumé : Background COVID-19 has led to the adoption of unprecedented mitigation measures which could trigger many unintended consequences. These unintended consequences can be far-reaching and just as important as the intended ones. The World Health Organization identified the assessment of unintended consequences of COVID-19 mitigation measures as a top priority. Thus far, however, their systematic assessment has been neglected due to the inattention of researchers as well as the lack of training and practical tools. Main text Over six years our team has gained extensive experience conducting research on the unintended consequences of complex health interventions. Through a reflexive process, we developed insights that can be useful for researchers in this area. Our analysis is based on key literature and lessons learned reflexively in conducting multi-site and multi-method studies on unintended consequences. Here we present practical guidance for researchers wishing to assess the unintended consequences of COVID-19 mitigation measures. To ensure resource allocation, protocols should include research questions regarding unintended consequences at the outset. Social science theories and frameworks are available to help assess unintended consequences. To determine which changes are unintended, researchers must first understand the intervention theory. To facilitate data collection, researchers can begin by forecasting potential unintended consequences through literature reviews and discussions with stakeholders. Including desirable and neutral unintended consequences in the scope of study can help minimize the negative bias reported in the literature. Exploratory methods can be powerful tools to capture data on the unintended consequences that were unforeseen by researchers. We recommend researchers cast a wide net by inquiring about different aspects of the mitigation measures. Some unintended consequences may only be observable in subsequent years, so longitudinal approaches may be useful. An equity lens is necessary to assess how mitigation measures may unintentionally increase disparities. Finally, stakeholders can help validate the classification of consequences as intended or unintended. Conclusion Studying the unintended consequences of COVID-19 mitigation measures is not only possible but also necessary to assess their overall value. The practical guidance presented will help program planners and evaluators gain a more comprehensive understanding of unintended consequences to refine mitigation measures.

Udechukwu T, Carnapete L, Matin M, Haider S, Clech L et Ridde V (2021) « The Impact of Health Sector Reforms on Health System in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review », European Journal of Public Health, 31 (Supplement_3) (octobre 20), p. ckab165.218. DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.218. https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.218/6405748.

Résumé : Abstract Background Climate-induced environmental changes, and their potential impact on population health, are among the most pressing challenges affecting health systems. These health impacts put additional strain on health systems, putting their resilience and capacity to deal with increased shocks and stresses to the test. Implementing reforms to address the vulnerabilities in the health system can help build its capacity to cope with these shocks. We conducted a scoping review to explore the literature on health sector reforms in Bangladesh and understand their impact on health systems. Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching through academic (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar) and grey literature published in English and French between 1991 and 2021 that addressed national health sector reforms impacting the health system and access to care. Results Our search yielded 2688 articles for screening and 22 were included in our scoping review. One of the major health sector reforms was the shift from a project-based approach to a sector-wide approach (SWAp) in health. Studies found that implementing initiatives such as community clinics, a voucher scheme for pregnant women, increase in hospital beds at public facilities improved health care access and delivery of care, especially for rural districts. Despite government efforts, the health system continues to be vulnerable to shocks due to a significant shortage of formally qualified health professionals especially nurses and technologists and relatively low public financing. Conclusions Evidence suggests that health sector reforms implemented as part of SWAp have had a limited improvement on the health system. More emphasis should be placed in the future on implementing reforms to address critical issues such as human resources for health and health financing, which may contribute to building their capacity to cope with emerging threats due to climate change and improving access to care. Key messages Building a resilient health system may involve assessing the system's vulnerabilities, strengths and limitations through the perspective of health sector reforms. Current health sector reforms have had limited impact in addressing the vulnerabilities of the health system.

Vampo Charlotte (2021) « Des Nana Benz aux cheffes d’entreprise contemporaines à Lomé, au Togo », Revue internationale des etudes du developpement, 245 (1) (avril 1), p. 145-169. DOI : 10.3917/ried.245.0145. https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-des-etudes-du-developpement-2021-1-page-145.htm.

Résumé : Cet article questionne la façon dont des cheffes d’entreprise de l’économie formelle à Lomé se représentent l’entrepreneuriat dit « moderne ». Influencées par la circulation d’un ethos de la performance et de l’efficacité dominant dans l’idéologie néolibérale du développement, elles cherchent à se distinguer de la figure mythique de l’entrepreneuriat au Togo qu’est la « Nana Benz » pour affirmer leur caractère « moderne ». L’article mobilise une enquête ethnologique reposant sur des entretiens, des échanges informels et des observations participantes menées auprès de trente-cinq entrepreneures. Il contribue à analyser l’appropriation locale du modèle de la business woman en vogue dans le développement et nuance l’idée d’une transformation radicale des pratiques entre les générations de femmes.

Vampo Charlotte et Moguérou Laure (2021) « "Suis-je un homme si j’entretiens mon enfant au quotidien ?” Le travail parental et domestique des hommes à Lomé (Togo) et Dakar (Sénégal) », présenté à Conférence : 13ème atelier du Réseau d’Études Pluridisciplinaires sur les Paternités et les Maternités. https://hal.science/hal-04149395.

Snapshot (source)

Velasco-Pufleau Luis et Atlani-Duault Laëtitia (2021) Lieux de mémoire sonore: des sons pour survivre, des sons pour tuer, Paris : Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. (Le (bien) commun). ISBN : 978-2-7351-2704-7.

Xie [aut Yihui, cre, Sarma Abhraneel, Vogt Adam, Andrew Alastair, Zvoleff Alex, http://www.andre-simon.de) Andre Simon (the CSS files under inst/themes/ were derived from the Highlight package, Atkins Aron, Wolen Aaron, Manton Ashley, Yasumoto Atsushi, Baumer Ben, Diggs Brian, Zhang Brian, Yapparov Bulat, Pereira Cassio, Dervieux Christophe, Hall David, Hugh-Jones David, Robinson David, Hemken Doug, Murdoch Duncan, Campitelli Elio, Hughes Ellis, Riederer Emily, Hirschmann Fabian, Simeon Fitch, Fang Forest, inst/misc/Sweavel.sty) Frank E. Harrell Jr (the Sweavel package at, Aden-Buie Garrick, Detrez Gregoire, Wickham Hadley, Zhu Hao, Jeon Heewon, Bengtsson Henrik, Yutani Hiroaki, Lyttle Ian, Daniel Hodges, Burkhead Jake, Manton James, Lander Jared, Punyon Jason, Luraschi Javier, Arnold Jeff, Bryan Jenny, inst/misc/docco-classic.css) Jeremy Ashkenas (the CSS file at, Stephens Jeremy, Hester Jim, Cheng Joe, Ranke Johannes, Honaker John, Muschelli John, Keane Jonathan, Allaire J. J., Toloe Johan, Sidi Jonathan, Larmarange Joseph, Barnier Julien, Zhong Kaiyin, Slowikowski Kamil, Forner Karl, Smith Kevin K., Mueller Kirill, Takahashi Kohske, Walthert Lorenz, Gallindo Lucas, Hofert Marius, Modrák Martin, Chirico Michael, Friendly Michael, Bojanowski Michal, Kuhlmann Michel, Patrick Miller, Caballero Nacho, Salkowski Nick, Hansen Niels Richard, Ross Noam, Mahdi Obada, Krivitsky Pavel N., Li Qiang, Vaidyanathan Ramnath, Cotton Richard, Krzyzanowski Robert, Francois Romain, Williamson Ruaridh, Kostyshak Scott, Meyer Sebastian, Brouwer Sietse, Bernard Simon de, Rousseau Sylvain, Wei Taiyun, Assus Thibaut, Lamadon Thibaut, Leeper Thomas, Mastny Tim, Torsney-Weir Tom, Davis Trevor, Veitas Viktoras, Zhu Weicheng, Wu Wush et Foster Zachary (2021) Knitr: A General-Purpose Package for Dynamic Report Generation in R, version 1.37. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=knitr.

Résumé : Provides a general-purpose tool for dynamic report generation in R using Literate Programming techniques.

Mots-clés : ReproducibleResearch.

Yahiaoui Amira et Manac'h Léopoldine (2021) « L’enfermement des étrangers en France : une clinique du non-lieu ? », Recherches en psychanalyse, 31 (1) (septembre 28), p. 24-43. DOI : 10.3917/rep2.031.0024. https://www.cairn.info/revue-research-in-psychoanalysis-2021-1-page-24.htm.

Résumé : Cet article propose de penser l’enfermement des personnes étrangères en territoire français à partir de l’analyse de dispositifs dédiés à cet effet. Dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, aux frontières de la psychanalyse et de l’anthropologie, nous souhaitons penser les retentissements de ces confinements sur le psychisme et sur le corps des personnes exilées concernées par ces mesures. À partir d’une approche ethnographique, nous nous concentrerons sur l’analyse de deux dispositifs : les centres de rétention administrative (CRA) et les plateformes d’accueil et d’hébergement des demandeurs d’asile (Prahda). Nous partons du constat qu’un des effets de la globalisation réside dans la nécessité pour les États-Nations de venir re-délimiter leurs territoires respectifs. Ainsi, nous faisons l’hypothèse que la création de centres de rétention administrative et de Prahda, institutions contemporaines récentes, serait un des symptômes du contemporain en proie à une crise de ses limites.

Yahyaoui Myriam et Becquet Valentine (2021) « Les comportements reproductifs en fonction du sexe des enfants déjà nés : Est-ce qu'il existe une préférence pour les garçons en Afrique Subsaharienne ? » (poster), présenté à XXIXe Congrès international de la population de l'UIESP 2021 (IPC 2021), Conférence virtuelle.

Zeba Salifou, Pourette Dolorès, Duchesne Véronique, Mensah Keitly, DeBeaudrap Pierre, Dumont Alexandre et Poveda Juan-Diego (2021) « Analyse anthropologique d’une intervention de dépistage du cancer du col de l’utérus à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Expériences contrastées des professionnels de santé et des femmes » (communication orale), présenté à Congrès international "Les cancers dans les pays du Sud", 8èmes rencontres des sciences sociales et santé de Fès, Fès, Maroc.

Zehnati Ahcène, Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays et Abu-Zaineh Mohammad (2021) « Public-private differentials in health care delivery: the case of cesarean deliveries in Algeria », International Journal of Health Economics and Management (mars 30). DOI : 10.1007/s10754-021-09300-x.

Résumé : Akin to other developing countries, Algeria has witnessed an increasing role of the private health sector in the past two decades. Our study sheds light on the public-private overlap and the phenomenon of physician dual practice in the provision of health care services using the particular case of cesarean deliveries in Algeria. Existing studies have reported that, compared to the public sector, delivering in a private health facility increases the risk of enduring a cesarean section. While confirming this result for the case of Algeria, our study also reveals the existence of public-private differentials in the effect of medical variables on the probability of cesarean delivery. After controlling for selection in both sectors, we show that cesarean deliveries in the private sector tend to be less medically justified compared with those taking place in the public sector, thus, potentially leading to maternal and neonatal health problems. As elsewhere, the contribution of the private health sector to the unmet need for health care in Algeria hinges on an appropriate legal framework that better coordinates the activities of the two sectors and reinforces their complementarity.

Mots-clés : Algeria, Cesarean delivery, Physician dual practice, Public–private differentials.

PubMed entry

Zemirli Zohra Aziadé (2021) « Algérie », Redesm. https://www.redesm.org/2021/09/23/algerie/.

Résumé : Un point d’histoire Le territoire algérien étant un carrefour méditerranéen, de nombreuses populations s’y sont succédé, certaines s’y sont installées pendant des siècles et se sont mêlées aux populations autochtones ... L'article propose des développements sur le lien entre religion et Etat en Algérie.

Zitti Tony (2021) « Analyse de la mise en œuvre du financement basé sur les résultats dans les hôpitaux de district au Mali », Thèse de doctorat en santé publique, Paris : Université Paris Cité.

Résumé : Cette thèse s’intéresse à la mise en œuvre du projet pilote de financement basé sur les résultats (FBR) dans les hôpitaux de district (HD) de la région de Koulikoro au Mali. Le FBR a pour but d’accroître la productivité et la qualité des prestations de soins de santé offerts aux populations, en payant les centres de santé sur la base de leur performance, mesurée par la quantité et la qualité des services prodigués. Au démarrage de cette thèse, aucune recherche sur le FBR dans les hôpitaux en Afrique de l’Ouest n’avait encore été entreprise. Nous avons adopté une démarche qualitative, reposant sur un devis d’études de cas multiples. Les cas sont des HD (N=3) de la région de Koulikoro. Nous avons collecté les données d’entretiens semi-directifs (N=128), d’entretiens informels (N=16), d’observations non participantes (N=24) et de documents institutionnels (N=12). Le cadre théorique utilisé est le Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) avec ses différentes taxonomies, dimensions et construits pour cerner les contours de la mise en œuvre d’une intervention complexe. Nous avons réalisé une analyse thématique et utilisé le logiciel QDA Miner Lite pour l’organisation des données. Pour diffuser nos résultats empiriques et influencer la prise de décisions, ils ont été présentés aux différentes parties prenantes de la recherche sous forme de note de politique et de présentation orale lors de plusieurs ateliers délibératifs. Le premier article analyse les perceptions, les rôles du contexte et des acteurs lors de la mise en œuvre du FBR dans les HD. Les résultats montrent que la grande majorité des agents de santé adhèrent à l’intervention du FBR. Toutefois, excepté les principaux acteurs impliqués dans la mise en œuvre, les répondants avaient une connaissance partielle de l’intervention. Les acteurs perçoivent le projet pilote du FBR comme une intervention verticale, venue de l’extérieur, et centrée sur la santé de la reproduction. Les acteurs locaux n’ont pas été impliqués dans la conception du modèle du FBR. Plusieurs difficultés quant à la qualité de son design et de sa mise en œuvre sont mises en lumière : une durée trop courte de l’intervention (huit mois), le choix et le nombre insuffisants des indicateurs selon la priorité des bailleurs de fonds (Banque mondiale), et l’impossibilité d’apporter des modifications au modèle pendant sa mise en œuvre. Le deuxième article analyse le processus de répartition des primes du FBR et de ses effets sur la motivation des agents de santé dans les HD. Les résultats montrent que les agents de santé sont plus motivés à exécuter leurs tâches quand des primes sont proposées. Selon eux, au-delà de la motivation financière, le FBR leur permet de mieux travailler. Toutefois, plusieurs problèmes de mise en œuvre (retard de décaissement des primes, manque de transparence lors de la distribution) ont entrainé un sentiment de frustration et de déception des agents de santé. Le montant des primes obtenues est jugé insuffisant et les agents estiment une inadéquation entre les efforts fournis et le montant de primes obtenues par le FBR. Le troisième article analyse le processus de vérification communautaire (VC) lors de la mise en œuvre du FBR. Il a été bien perçu et bien accueilli. Cependant, la grande majorité des enquêteurs déclare avoir eu des difficultés à repérer certains patients dans la communauté : orthographe incorrecte des noms, fiches illisibles, manque de coordonnées téléphoniques et informations incomplètes, cas d’homonymie. Tout ceci était dû à la mauvaise tenue des registres des patients dans les HD. Certains enquêteurs ont rempli de manière frauduleuse des fiches sans enquêter les usagers dans les communautés à cause de manque de temps. Aucun retour des résultats de la VC n’a été possible auprès des agents de santé.

Zitti Tony, Fillol Amandine, Lohmann Julia, Coulibaly Abdourahmane et Ridde Valéry (2021) « Does the gap between health workers’ expectations and the realities of implementing a performance-based financing project in Mali create frustration? », Global Health Research and Policy, 6 (1) (février 2), p. 5. DOI : 10.1186/s41256-021-00189-0. https://ghrp.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41256-021-00189-0.

Résumé : Background Performance-Based Financing (PBF), an innovative health financing initiative, was recently implemented in Mali. PBF aims to improve quality of care by motivating health workers. The purpose of this research was to identify and understand how health workers’ expectations related to their experiences of the first cycle of payment of PBF subsidies, and how this experience affected their motivation and sentiments towards the intervention. We pose the research question, “how does the process of PBF subsidies impact the motivation of health workers in Mali?” Methods We adopted a qualitative approach using multiple case studies. We chose three district hospitals (DH 1, 2 and 3) in three health districts (district 1, 2 and 3) among the ten in the Koulikoro region. Our cases correspond to the three DHs. We followed the principle of data source triangulation; we used 53 semi-directive interviews conducted with health workers (to follow the principle of saturuation), field notes, and documents relating to the distribution grids of subsidies for each DH. We analyzed data in a mixed deductive and inductive manner. Results The results show that the PBF subsidies led to health workers feeling more motivated to perform their tasks overall. Beyond financial motivation, this was primarily due to PBF allowing them to work more efficiently. However, respondents perceived a discrepancy between the efforts made and the subsidies received. The fact that their expectations were not met led to a sense of frustration and disappointment. Similarly, the way in which the subsidies were distributed and the lack of transparency in the distribution process led to feelings of unfairness among the vast majority of respondents. The results show that frustrations can build up in the early days of the intervention. Conclusion The PBF implementation in Mali left health workers frustrated. The short overall implementation period did not allow actors to adjust their initial expectations and motivational responses, neither positive nor negative. This underlines how short-term interventions might not just lack impact, but instil negative sentiments likely to carry on into the future.

Zombré David, De Allegri Manuela, Ridde Valéry et Zinszer Kate (2021) « User fees removal and community-based management of undernutrition in Burkina Faso: what effects on children’s nutritional status? », Public Health Nutrition (février 17), p. 1-26. DOI : 10.1017/S1368980021000732. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980021000732/type/journal_article.

Résumé : Objective: To examine the effect of an intervention combining user fees removal with community-based management of undernutrition on the nutrition status in children under-five in Burkina Faso. Design: The study was a non-equivalent control group post-test-only design based on household survey data collected four years after the intervention onset in the intervention and comparison districts. Additionally, we used propensity score weighting to achieve balance on covariates between the two districts, followed by logistic multilevel modeling. Setting: Two health districts in the Sahel region. Participants: 1,116 children under five residing in 41 intervention communities and 1,305 from 51 control communities. Results: When comparing children living in the intervention district to children living in a non-intervention district, we determined no differences in terms of stunting [OR=1.13; 95% CI 0.83 −1.54] and wasting [OR=1.21; 95% CI 0.90 − 1.64], nor in severely wasted [OR=1.27; 95% CI 0.79 − 2.04] and severely stunted [OR=0.99; 95% CI 0.76 −1.26]. However, we determined that 3% of the variance of wasting [95% CI 1.25 − 10.42] and 9.4% of the variance of stunting [95% CI 6.45 − 13.38] were due to systematic differences between communities of residence. The presence of the intervention in the communities explained 2% of the community-level variance of stunting and 3% of the community-level variance of wasting. Conclusions: With the scaling-up of the national free health policy in Africa, we stress the need for rigorous evaluations and the means to measure expected changes in order to better inform health interventions.

Zoumenou Iris, Carillon Séverine, Desgrées du Loû Annabel et Gosselin Anne (2021) « La recherche communautaire comme cercle vertueux d’empowerment : l’exemple du projet Makasi », De facto, 29 (décembre), p. 10-17.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Publications des membres du Ceped

2021

2020

Flux

Outils internes