Références bibliographiques

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2012) « On the waters of the Nile playing it by ear », Oasis, 8, p. 34–40.

Mots-clés : ARMEE, Constitution, EGYPTE, ELECTION, FRERES MUSULMANS, MOUVEMENT ISLAMIQUE, PARTI POLITIQUE, REFORME INSTITUTIONNELLE, REGIME POLITIQUE, VIE POLITIQUE, ⛔ No DOI found.

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2012) « Les juges et les élections dans l'Egypte post Moubarak : acteurs ou victimes du politique ? », Confluences Méditerranée, 82 (3), p. 117–132. DOI : 10.3917/come.082.0117.

Mots-clés : Constitution, EGYPTE, ELECTION, FRERES MUSULMANS, HAUTE COUR CONSTITUTIONNELLE, INDEPENDANCE, JUGE, JUSTICE, MOUVEMENT ISLAMIQUE, VIE POLITIQUE.

Bernard-Maugiron Nathalie (2012) « Sur les eaux du Nil on navigue à vue », Oasis, 8 (15), p. 34–40. http://www.oasiscenter.eu/fr/articles/revolutions-arabes/2012/06/01/sur-les-eaux-du-nil-on-navigue-%C3%A0-vue.

Mots-clés : ARMEE, Constitution, EGYPTE, ELECTION, FRERES MUSULMANS, MOUVEMENT ISLAMIQUE, PARTI POLITIQUE, REFORME INSTITUTIONNELLE, REGIME POLITIQUE, VIE POLITIQUE, ⛔ No DOI found.

Bonnet Doris (2012) « The absence of the child in ethnology : a non-existent problem ? », AnthropoChildren, 1. http://popups.ulg.ac.be/AnthropoChildren/document.php?id=916.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Bouquier J., Fauconnier Arnaud, Fraser William D., Dumont Alexandre et Huchon Cyrille (2012) « Diagnostic d'une infection génitale haute. Quels critères cliniques, paracliniques ? Place de l'imagerie et de la coelioscopie ? », Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction, 41 (8), p. 835-849. DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2012.09.016.

Résumé : Les infections génitales hautes (IGH) sont de diagnostic difficile. Nous proposons une revue systématique de la littérature sur les valeurs diagnostiques de l'interrogatoire, de l'examen clinique et des examens complémentaires biologiques et morphologiques. À l'issue de cette revue de la littérature, nous proposons un modèle diagnostique pour les IGH. Celui-ci est basé sur deux critères majeurs que sont la douleur annexielle provoquée et la douleur à la mobilisation utérine mais aussi sur des critères mineurs, spécifiques, augmentant la probabilité du diagnostic d'IGH. Ces critères mineurs sont basés sur l'interrogatoire, l'examen clinique, les examens biologiques et histologiques, mais aussi sur les signes échographiques ayant un rapport de vraisemblance positif élevé pour le diagnostic d'IGH dans la littérature. Les infections génitales hautes (IGH) sont de diagnostic difficile. Nous proposons une revue systématique de la littérature sur les valeurs diagnostiques de l'interrogatoire, de l'examen clinique et des examens complémentaires biologiques et morphologiques. À l'issue de cette revue de la littérature, nous proposons un modèle diagnostique pour les IGH. Celui-ci est basé sur deux critères majeurs que sont la douleur annexielle provoquée et la douleur à la mobilisation utérine mais aussi sur des critères mineurs, spécifiques, augmentant la probabilité du diagnostic d'IGH. Ces critères mineurs sont basés sur l'interrogatoire, l'examen clinique, les examens biologiques et histologiques, mais aussi sur les signes échographiques ayant un rapport de vraisemblance positif élevé pour le diagnostic d'IGH dans la littérature. Les infections génitales hautes (IGH) sont de diagnostic difficile. Nous proposons une revue systématique de la littérature sur les valeurs diagnostiques de l'interrogatoire, de l'examen clinique et des examens complémentaires biologiques et morphologiques. À l'issue de cette revue de la littérature, nous proposons un modèle diagnostique pour les IGH. Celui-ci est basé sur deux critères majeurs que sont la douleur annexielle provoquée et la douleur à la mobilisation utérine mais aussi sur des critères mineurs, spécifiques, augmentant la probabilité du diagnostic d'IGH. Ces critères mineurs sont basés sur l'interrogatoire, l'examen clinique, les examens biologiques et histologiques, mais aussi sur les signes échographiques ayant un rapport de vraisemblance positif élevé pour le diagnostic d'IGH dans la littérature.

Mots-clés : DIAGNOSTIC, Likelihood ratio, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Sensitivity, Specificity.

Briand Valérie, Dumont Alexandre, Abrahamowicz Michal, Sow A., Traoré Mamadou, Rozenberg P., Watier Laurence et Fournier Pierre (2012) « Maternal and perinatal outcomes by mode of delivery in Senegal and Mali : a cross-sectional epidemiological survey », Plos One, 7 (10). DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0047352.

Résumé : Objective: In the context of rapid changes regarding practices related to delivery in Africa, we assessed maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes associated with the mode of delivery in 41 referral hospitals of Mali and Senegal. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey nested in a randomised cluster trial (1/10/2007-1/10/2008). The associations between intended mode of delivery and (i) in-hospital maternal mortality, (ii) maternal morbidity (transfusion or hysterectomy), (iii) stillbirth or neonatal death before Day 1 and (iv) neonatal death between 24 hours after birth and hospital discharge were examined. We excluded women with immediate life threatening maternal or fetal complication to avoid indication bias. The analyses were performed using hierarchical logistic mixed models with random intercept and were adjusted for women's, newborn's and hospitals' characteristics. Results: Among the 78,166 included women, 2.2% had a pre-labor cesarean section (CS) and 97.8% had a trial of labor. Among women with a trial of labor, 87.5% delivered vaginally and 12.5% had intrapartum CS. Pre-labor CS was associated with a marked reduction in the risk of stillbirth or neonatal death before Day 1 as compared with trial of labor (OR = 0.2 [0.16-0.36]), though we did not show that maternal mortality (OR = 0.3 [0.07-1.32]) and neonatal mortality after Day 1 (OR = 1.3 (0.66-2.72]) differed significantly between groups. Among women with trial of labor, intrapartum CS and operative vaginal delivery were associated with higher risks of maternal mortality and morbidity, and neonatal mortality after Day 1, as compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery. Conclusions: In referral hospitals of Mali and Senegal, pre-labor CS is a safe procedure although intrapartum CS and operative vaginal delivery are associated with increased risks in mothers and infants. Further research is needed to determine what aspects of obstetric care contribute to a delay in the provision of intrapartum interventions so that practices may be made safer when they are needed.

Briand Valérie, Dumont Alexandre, Abrahamowicz Michal, Traore Mamadou, Watier Laurence et Fournier Pierre (2012) « Individual and institutional determinants of caesarean section in referral hospitals in Senegal and Mali : a cross-sectional epidemiological survey », Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12. DOI : 10.1186/1471-2393-12-114.

Résumé : Background: Two years after implementing the free-CS policy, we assessed the non-financial factors associated with caesarean section (CS) in women managed by referral hospitals in Senegal and Mali. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey nested in a cluster trial (QUARITE trial) in 41 referral hospitals in Senegal and Mali (10/01/2007-10/01/2008). Data were collected regarding women's characteristics and on available institutional resources. Individual and institutional factors independently associated with emergency (before labour), intrapartum and elective CS were determined using a hierarchical logistic mixed model. Results: Among 86 505 women, 14% delivered by intrapartum CS, 3% by emergency CS and 2% by elective CS. For intrapartum, emergency and elective CS, the main maternal risk factors were, respectively: previous CS, referral from another facility and suspected cephalopelvic-disproportion (adjusted Odds Ratios from 2.8 to 8.9); vaginal bleeding near full term, hypertensive disorders, previous CS and premature rupture of membranes (adjusted ORs from 3.9 to 10.2); previous CS (adjusted OR=19.2 [17.2-21.6]). Access to adult and neonatal intensive care, a 24-h/day anaesthetist and number of annual deliveries per hospital were independent factors that affected CS rates according to degree of urgency. The presence of obstetricians and/or medical-anaesthetists was associated with an increased risk of elective CS (adjusted ORs [95% CI] = 4.8 [2.6-8.8] to 9.4 [5.1-17.1]). Conclusions: We confirm the significant effect of well-known maternal risk factors affecting the mode of delivery. Available resources at the institutional level and the degree of urgency of CS should be taken into account in analysing CS rates in this context.

Mots-clés : Africa, caesarean section, epidemiology.

Canut Cécile (2012) « De la politique », Lignes, 37 (février), p. 30-34.

Mots-clés : langage, POLITIQUE, tsigane, ⛔ No DOI found.

Collins Intira, Cairns John, Jourdain Gonzague, Fregonese Federica, Nantarukchaikul Maneeratn, Lertpienthum Narong, Wannarit Pornpun, Attavinijtrakarn Pornsawan, Layangool Prapaisri, Le Cœur Sophie et Lallemant Marc (2012) « Hospitalization trends, costs, and risk factors in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy », AIDS (London, England), 26 (15) (septembre 24), p. 1943-1952. DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328357f7b9.

Résumé : OBJECTIVE To assess hospitalization trends in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Thailand, an important indicator of morbidity, ART effectiveness, and health service utilization. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort METHOD Children initiating ART in 1999-2009 were followed in 40 public hospitals. Hospitalization rate per 100 person-years were calculated from ART initiation to last follow-up/death. Costs to the healthcare provider were calculated using WHO inpatient estimates for Thailand. Zero-inflated Poisson models were used to examine risk factors for early (<12 months of ART) and late hospitalization (≥12 months) and frequency of admissions. RESULTS A total of 578 children initiated ART, median follow-up being 64 months [interquartile range (IQR) 43-82]; 211 (37%) children were hospitalized with 451 admissions. Hospitalization rates declined from 63 per 100 person-years at less than 6 months to approximately 10 per 100 person-years after 2 years of ART, and costs fell from $35 per patient-month to under $5, respectively. Age less than 2 years, US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention stage B/C, and stunting at ART initiation were associated with early hospitalization. Among those hospitalized, baseline CD4 cell percentage less than 5%, wasting, initiation on dual therapy, late calendar year, and female sex were associated with higher incidence of early admissions (P <0.02). There were no predictors of late hospitalization, although previous hospitalization in less than 12 months of ART was associated with three times higher incidence of late admissions (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION One in three children required hospitalization after ART. Admissions were highest in the first year of therapy and rapidly declined thereafter. Young age, advanced disease stage, and stunting at baseline were predictive of early hospitalization. Treatment initiation before disease progression would likely reduce hospitalization and alleviate demands on healthcare services.

PubMed Link

Copans Jean (2012) « L'aide au développement ne marche pas à la cannonière ! », Revue Tiers Monde, 209, p. 199-212. DOI : 10.3917/rtm.209.0199.

Dufour Marion (2012) « Les bénéfices du malentendu interculturel pour une bonne didactique. Analyse d’une expérience d’enseignement du FLE en Tanzanie », Éducation et Sociétés Plurilingues, 32, p. 15-30.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Dumont Alexandre (2012) « Comment réduire la mortalité maternelle ? », Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine, 196 (8), p. 1521-1534. DOI : 10.1016/S0001-4079(19)31678-4.

Mots-clés : ACCES AUX SOINS, CENTRE DE SANTE, EFFICACITE, femme, FORMATION PROFESSIONNELLE, GROSSESSE, ITINERAIRE THERAPEUTIQUE, MORTALITE, OBSTETRIQUE, PAUVRETE, POLITIQUE DE SANTE, PRISE EN CHARGE MEDICALE, SANTE COMMUNAUTAIRE, SYSTEME D'INFORMATION.

Dumont Alexandre, Gueye Malick, Sow A., Diop I., Konate M.K., Dambé Papa, Abrahamowicz Michal et Fournier Pierre (2012) « Utilisation des données recueillies en routine pour évaluer l'activité des maternités au Mali et au Sénégal (essai QUARITE) », Revue d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 60 (6), p. 489-496. DOI : 10.1016/j.respe.2012.05.005.

Mots-clés : DONNEES STATISTIQUES, EVALUATION, HOPITAL, PREVENTION SANITAIRE, PROTECTION MATERNELLE ET INFANTILE, SANTE DE LA REPRODUCTION, SERVICE DE MATERNITE, SYSTEME D'INFORMATION, SYSTEME DE SANTE.

Duong Trinh, Jourdain Gonzague, Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole, Le Cœur Sophie, Kantipong Pacharee, Buranabanjasatean Sudanee, Leenasirimakul Prattana, Ariyadej Sriprapar, Tansuphasawasdikul Somboon, Thongpaen Suchart et Lallemant Marc (2012) « Laboratory and clinical predictors of disease progression following initiation of combination therapy in HIV-infected adults in Thailand », PloS one, 7 (8), p. e43375. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0043375.

Résumé : BACKGROUND Data on determinants of long-term disease progression in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are limited in low and middle-income settings. METHODS Effects of current CD4 count, viral load and haemoglobin and diagnosis of AIDS-defining events (ADEs) after start of combination ART (cART) on death and new ADEs were assessed using Poisson regression, in patient aged ≥ 18 years within a multi-centre cohort in Thailand. RESULTS Among 1,572 patients, median follow-up from cART initiation was 4.4 (IQR 3.6-6.3) years. The analysis of death was based on 60 events during 6,573 person-years; 30/50 (60%) deaths with underlying cause ascertained were attributable to infections. Analysis of new ADE included 192 events during 5,865 person-years; TB and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia were the most commonly presented first new ADE (35% and 20% of cases, respectively). In multivariable analyses, low current CD4 count after starting cART was the strongest predictor of death and of new ADE. Even at CD4 above 200 cells/mm(3), survival improved steadily with CD4, with mortality rare at ≥ 500 cells/mm(3) (rate 1.1 per 1,000 person-years). Haemoglobin had a strong independent effect, while viral load was weakly predictive with poorer prognosis only observed at ≥ 100,000 copies/ml. Mortality risk increased following diagnosis of ADEs during cART. The decline in mortality rate with duration on cART (from 21.3 per 1,000 person-years within first 6 months to 4.7 per 1,000 person-years at ≥ 36 months) was accounted for by current CD4 count. CONCLUSIONS Patients with low CD4 count or haemoglobin require more intensive diagnostic and treatment of underlying causes. Maintaining CD4 ≥ 500 cells/mm(3) minimizes mortality. However, patient monitoring could potentially be relaxed at high CD4 count if resources are limited. Optimal ART monitoring strategies in low-income settings remain a research priority. Better understanding of the aetiology of anaemia in patients on ART could guide prevention and treatment.

Mots-clés : Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cohort Studies, Disease Progression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, HIV infections, Humans, Immunosuppression, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Poisson Distribution, Risk, Thailand, Viral Load.

PubMed Link

Duracinsky Martin, Herrmann Susan, Berzins Baiba, Armstrong Andrew R., Kohli Rewa, Le Cœur Sophie, Diouf Assane, Fournier Isabelle, Schechter Mauro et Chassany Olivier (2012) « The development of PROQOL-HIV: an international instrument to assess the health-related quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS », J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 59, p. 498-505. DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318245cafe.

Résumé : OBJECTIVES: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is an important outcome in HIV/AIDS infection and treatment. However, most existing HIV-HRQL instruments miss important issues (eg, sleeping problems, lipodystrophy). They were developed before highly active antiretroviral therapy (pre-HAART), and in a single language. We sought to develop a contemporary HIV-HRQL instrument (PROQOL-HIV) in multiple languages that accounts for HAART treatment and side effects. This article details the 3-stage content validation phase of PROQOL-HIV. METHODS: In stage 1, we developed a conceptual model of HIV-HRQL and questionnaire item bank from thematic analysis of 152 patient interviews conducted simultaneously across 9 countries. In stage 2, pilot items were selected by an expert panel to form the pilot instrument. Stage 3 involved linguistic validation and harmonization of selected items to form an equivalent instrument in 9 target languages. RESULTS: Analysis of 3375 pages of interview text revealed 11 underlying themes: general health perception, social relationships, emotions, energy/fatigue, sleep, cognitive functioning, physical and daily activity, coping, future, symptoms, and treatment. Seven issues new to HIV-HRQL measurement were subsumed by these themes: infection fears, future concerns, satisfaction with care, self-esteem problems, sleep problems, work disruption, and treatment issues. Of the 442 theme-related items banked, 70 items met the retention criteria and formed the pilot PROQOL-HIV instrument. CONCLUSIONS: HIV patients across 11 countries attributed a wide range of physical, mental, and social issues to their condition, many of which were not measured by existing HIV-HRQL instruments. The pilot PROQOL-HIV instrument captures these issues, is sensitive to sociocultural context, disease stage, and HAART.

Mots-clés : Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Female, Health Status, HIV Infections/ psychology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index.

Duracinsky Martin, Lalanne Christophe, Le Cœur Sophie, Herrmann Susan, Berzins Baiba, Armstrong Andrew R., Lau Joseph Tak, Fournier Isabelle et Chassany Olivier (2012) « Psychometric validation of the PROQOL-HIV questionnaire, a new health-related quality of life instrument-specific to HIV disease », J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 59, p. 506-15. DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824be3f2.

Résumé : OBJECTIVES: This study reports the psychometric validation of a new HIV/AIDS-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) questionnaire, the Patient Reported Outcomes Quality of Life-HIV. The instrument was developed simultaneously across Europe, North and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia to assess multidimensional quality of life impairments in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed in 8 countries. The pilot 70-item questionnaire was co-administered with the HIV symptoms index, the EQ-5D and Medical Outcomes Study-HIV questionnaires. Demographic and biomedical data were collected. After item analysis and reduction, convergent discriminant concurrent validity and known-group validity were examined. Internal consistency and reliability scores were assessed using Cronbach alpha and intraclass correlation. RESULTS: The final sample of 791 patients was composed of 64% males (median age: 41 years, HIV diagnosis = 5 years), 13.8% were treatment naive. Item reduction yielded a 43-item form surveying 8 dimensions and 1 global health item that showed good convergent and discriminant validity and reliability (98% scaling success; Cronbach alphas 0.77-0.89). Correlations with EQ-5D and Medical Outcomes Study-HIV complied with concurrent validity expectations; likewise, correlations against the number of self-reported symptoms and depression showed good support for criterion validity. A test-retest study on French patients (n = 34) showed temporal stability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.86). Significant and meaningful differences of HRQL scores between countries were found. CONCLUSIONS: The Patient Reported Outcomes Quality of Life-HIV questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing HRQL specific to HIV disease in different cultures and healthcare systems.

Mots-clés : Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status, HIV Infections/ psychology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Questionnaires/ standards, Reproducibility of Results.

Fanchette Sylvie et Dao Thé Anh (2012) « L’extension de Hà Nôi et les défis pour les périphéries urbaines », GrafiGéo, 34, p. 93-106. (Les métropoles des suds vues de leurs périphéries).

Résumé : La ville de Hà Nội est administrativement associée à la province du même nom, composée de districts urbains et de districts ruraux, véritables réserves foncières pour l’extension de la capitale et zones d’approvisionnement en produits frais pour sa population. Ville administrée pendant l’époque collectiviste, Hà Nội est restée pendant quatre décennies confinée dans un espace limité. Depuis les années 1990, on assiste à un processus de « rattrapage urbain » pour qu’elle obtienne à la fois le statut de métropole internationale attractive, de capitale d’un pays de plus de 80 millions d’habitants, mais aussi pour qu’elle contrôle un territoire à la hauteur de ses ambitions urbanistiques. Son extension s’accélère sur les marges rurales depuis les années 2000, le développement urbain devient dorénavant le principal moteur de l’économie. Dans cet espace densément peuplé, la mixité de l’usage des sols, aux règles foncières dictées par l’État, a pendant longtemps rendu difficile l’extension de Hà Nội. Maintenant que celui-ci a relâché sa mainmise sur le contrôle foncier, les investisseurs s’emparent à bas prix des rizières qui seront le lieu de l’érection de nouvelles villes, d’autoroutes et de zones industrielles ou de divertissement. Dans un contexte d’envolée des prix de la terre, on s’interrogera sur la capacité des populations vivant dans des villages densément peuplés à accéder au foncier et à développer leurs activités productives agricoles et non agricoles, garantes de leur maintien sur place et d’éviter l’exode vers le centre ville. Les expropriations des terres agricoles dans les villages où des grands projets d’aménagement vont être implantés risquent à court terme, si les populations ne sont pas reconverties et ne bénéficient pas d’une partie de la rente foncière, de créer de grandes différenciations sociales et spatiales dans ce nouveau patchwork que sera cette ville éclatée en plusieurs pôles.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Fregonese Federica, Collins Intira, Jourdain Gonzague, Le Cœur Sophie, Cressey Tim R., Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole, Banchongkit Sukit, Chutanunta Apichat, Techapornroong Malee et Lallemant Marc (2012) « Predictors of 5-Year Mortality in HIV-Infected Adults Starting Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Thailand », J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 60, p. 91-98. DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824bd33f. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293548.

Résumé : OBJECTIVE:: To estimate the early and long-term mortalities and associated risk factors in adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Thailand. DESIGN:: A prospective observational cohort study. METHODS:: Previously untreated adults starting HAART in 2002-2009 were followed-up in 43 public hospitals. Kaplan-Meier probability of survival was estimated up to 5 years of therapy. Factors associated with early (</=6 months) and long-term (>6 months) mortalities were assessed using Cox regression analyses. RESULTS:: A total of 1578 adults received HAART (74% women; median age, 33 years; CD4 cell count, 124/mL), with a median follow-up of 50 months (interquartile range, 41-66). Eighty-nine patients (6%) died (37 occurred </=6 months and 52 occurred >6 months) and 183 (12%) were lost to follow-up. Probability of survival [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 97.5% (96.7% to 98.2%) at 6 months, 96.6% (95.6% to 97.4%) at 1 year, and 93.5% (91.9% to 94.8%) at 5 years. Probability of being alive and on follow-up was 80.8% (78.5% to 82.8%) at 5 years. Early mortality was associated with anemia [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 3.6, 95% CI: 1.7 to 7.5] and low CD4 count (aHR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.2 per 50 cells decrease) at treatment initiation. Long-term mortality was associated with persistent anemia (aHR 4.9, 95% CI: 2.1 to 11.6), CD4 increase from baseline <50 cells per cubic millimeter (aHR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.6 to 5.7), and viral load >1000 copies per milliliter (aHR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.3 to 6.1) at 6 months of HAART; male gender; and calendar year of enrollment. CONCLUSIONS:: Early mortality was associated with anemia and severe immunosuppression at initiation of therapy. Long-term mortality was associated with persistent anemia, CD4 count increase, and virological response at 6 months of therapy over baseline characteristics, highlighting the importance of laboratory monitoring.

Gammoudi Taoufik (2012) « Rôle de la migration dans la valorisation et la conservation des patrimoines socioculturels : cas de l’île de Djerba », Revue des Régions Arides (Tunisie), 28 (2 (numéro spécial), p. 255-264. http://www.oss-online.org/pdf/Colloque_LOTH_2012.pdf.

Résumé : Pôle économique privilégié, pôle attractif des immigrants de toutes les régions de la Tunisie, notamment des régions du Sud-Est, l’île de Djerba, à travers le secteur du tourisme, a joué un rôle primordial dans la diversification des activités de valorisation des patrimoines locaux. Sur la base de méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives et grâce à un important travail de terrain mené à Djerba, l’objet de ce travail est de mieux comprendre le rôle de la migration dans le processus de développement et de conservation des patrimoines. Ce travail a finalement montré, d’une part que la migration a joué un rôle prépondérant dans la valorisation économique des patrimoines et la création de nouvelles perspectives d'emploi, d’autre part, que la nouvelle culture des immigrants à Djerba ont fait de l'île un nouvel espace engendré par des constructions modernes qui remplacent l'architecture traditionnelle.

Mots-clés : conservation, Djerba, migration, patrimoines socio-culturels, VALORISATION, ⛔ No DOI found.

Gérard Etienne (2012) « Scholarisation, apprenticeship and social differentiation. Analysis of the non-industrial craft sector in Morocco », International Journal of Educational Development, 32 (1), p. 172-178. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.05.005.

Résumé : The article approaches the question of the schooling processes in the particular environment of the Moroccan craftsmen of Fez. It shows that the weak schooling of the children is bound to the representations and to the ways of transmission of craft industry knowledge. Schooling is, indeed, the object of tensions between a school system of western inspiration and the Muslim system of transmitting patrimonial knowledge. The article shows then that schooling is integrated into craftsmen's ‘relationships with knowledge’ and ‘reasons of knowing’: because of historic development factors of the school system in Morocco, and of sociological factors of domination in the craftsmen's environment, schooling is not indeed legitimate for most craftsmen. It is not even always “possible”: in fact, social reproduction in craftsmen's environment is indeed, and because of the previous factors, based on holding positions bound to the mastery of the traditional knowledge and of the production market, rather than to the possession of school capital. On the other hand, schooling has gained strong legitimacy at a general society level, so that the craftsmen, and especially their children, are more and more the victims of social declassification.

Mots-clés : Craftsmen environment, MOROCCO, Schooling, ‘reasons of knowing’, “relationships with knowledge”.

Guidi Pierre (2012) « Les enfants du Wolaita n'apprendront pas en Wogagoda : enjeux politiques et linguistiques d'un conflit scolaire en Éthiopie, 1999-2000 », Cahiers de la recherche sur l'éducation et les savoirs, 11, p. 129-148. http://cres.revues.org/2263.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Guilmoto Christophe Z. (2012) « Skewed Sex Ratios at Birth and Future Marriage Squeeze in China and India, 2005–2100 », Demography, 49 (1) (février), p. 77-100. DOI : 10.1007/s13524-011-0083-7. http://www.springerlink.com/content/98h134228387130p/abstract/.

Résumé : I examine the potential impact of the anticipated future marriage squeeze on nuptiality patterns in China and India during the twenty-first century. I use population projections from 2005 to 2100 based on three different scenarios for the sex ratio at birth (SRB). To counteract the limitations of cross-sectional methods commonly used to assess the severity of marriage squeezes, I use a two-sex cohort-based procedure to simulate marriage patterns over the twenty-first century based on the female dominance model. I also examine two more-flexible marriage functions to illustrate the potential impact of changes in marriage schedules as a response to the marriage squeeze. Longitudinal indicators of marriage squeeze indicate that the number of prospective grooms in both countries will exceed that of prospective brides by more 50% for three decades in the most favorable scenario. Rates of male bachelorhood will not peak before 2050, and the squeeze conditions will be felt several decades thereafter, even among cohorts unaffected by adverse SRB. If the SRB is allowed to return to normalcy by 2020, the proportion of men unmarried at age 50 is expected to rise to 15% in China by 2055 and to 10% in India by 2065. India suffers from the additional impact of a delayed fertility transition on its age structures.

Mots-clés : China, Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, India, Marriage simulation, Marriage squeeze, sex ratio at birth.

Guilmoto Christophe Z. (2012) « Son Preference, Sex Selection, and Kinship in Vietnam », Population and Development Review, 38 (1) (mars), p. 31-54. DOI : 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00471.x. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00471.x/abstract.

Résumé : This article examines the recent rise in the sex ratio at birth in Vietnam and relates its emergence to kinship systems and ethnic composition using 2009 census micro-data. Presentation of the main socioeconomic and ethnic differentials in birth masculinity is followed by a review of the three intermediate factors leading to increases in the sex ratio at birth: prenatal technology, declining fertility, and gender bias. An indirect measurement of fertility behavior is used to demonstrate the close association between levels of the sex ratio at birth and the intensity of son preference. Data on household composition indicate that Vietnam is characterized by the co-existence of kinship patterns typical of East and Southeast Asia. Son preference in Vietnam is found to be related to the prevalence of more traditional patrilineal systems. The article concludes by considering the implications of the cultural dimensions of prenatal sex selection for policy responses and for the likely future change in the sex ratio at birth.

Hadj Laure, Lagadec Gaël, Lavigne Gérard et Ris Catherine (2012) « Vingt années de politique de rééquilibrage en Nouvelle-Calédonie: Démocratisation de l’école mais persistance des inégalités ethniques », Formation Emploi, n°120, p. 101-125. DOI : 10.4000/formationemploi.3855.

Henaff Nolwen et Lange Marie-France (2012) « Các mối quan hệ giữa giáo dục và đói nghèo. Lý thuyết và ảnh hưởng đến các chính sách giáo dục », Xã hội học (Sociology), 118 (2), p. 111-119.

Mots-clés : Education, PAUVRETE, ⛔ No DOI found.

Khattali Hatem et Gammoudi Taoufik (2012) « Étude de la filière des plantes aromatiques et médicinales et perspectives de développement dans le Sud Est tunisien », Revue des Régions Arides (Tunisie), 28 (2 (numéro spécial), p. 297-308. http://www.oss-online.org/pdf/Colloque_LOTH_2012.pdf.

Résumé : Actuellement les plantes aromatiques et médicinales (PAM) en Tunisie connaissent un intérêt grandissant compte tenu de leur importance économique, sociale, médicale et écologique. Le présent travail a pour objectif d’étudier et d’analyser le marché des plantes aromatiques et médicinales et les perspectives de son développement. Le marché des PAM est encore fragile et il est resté à l’état traditionnel. Les stratégies relatives à la commercialisation des PAM n’ont pas été développées pour mieux valoriser cette activité. Notre travail a pu confirmer que le développement du marché de PAM peut jouer un rôle prépondérant au niveau de l’amélioration des ressources de revenu et la création de nouvelles perspectives d'emploi.

Mots-clés : commercialisation, développement, filière, marché, plantes aromatiques et médicinales, Sud-Est de la Tunisie, ⛔ No DOI found.

Larzillière Pénélope (2012) « Political Commitment under an Authoritarian Regime: Professional Associations and Islamist Movement as Alternative Arenas in Jordan », International Journal for Conflict and Violence, 6 (1), p. 11-25. http://www.ijcv.org/index.php/ijcv/article/view/186/pdf_47.

Résumé : How does political commitment develop when actors are confronted with authoritarian processes? Under a liberal authoritarian regime, even the creation of democraticinstitutions may mean authoritarian stabilization (contradicting classical transition theories) rather than open an arena for political protest. However, alternativecontentious arenas may appear, where resourceful organizations can be partially transformed into a basis for protest with challenging frames of reference. In the Jordaniancase, the professional associations (in contravention of corporatism theory) and the Islamist social movement have thus gained oppositional capacity. However,apart from repression, their own economic and social roles, and their integration in the regime frame and limit the kind of political commitment they can lead. Ambivalencearises between challenging and integrated positions and when alternative arenas become so integrated in the regime that they lose their contentious role, radicalizationprocesses appear. Both cases underline the versatility of political arenas and their relational characteristics. These political arenas are also the places wherealternative ideologies are produced. At that level, the Islamist movement has a very specific position as a hegemonic ideological producer with no hegemonic powerand position. The case thus supports an analytical separation between power position and ideology and confirms the need for less state-centred definition of ideology.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Lelièvre Eva et Le Cœur Sophie (2012) « Intergenerational relationships within families of HIV-infected adults under antiretroviral treatment in Northern Thailand. », Ageing and Society, 32 (4), p. 561-585. DOI : 10.1017/S0144686X11000389.

Lewandowski Sophie (2012) « Les savoirs locaux face aux écoles burkinabé. Négation, instrumentalisation, renforcement », L'Homme, 201, p. 85-106. DOI : 10.4000/lhomme.22953.

M'henni Hatem et Arvanitis Rigas (2012) « La résilience des systèmes d’innovation en période de transition : la Tunisie après le 14 Janvier 2011 », Revue Tiers Monde, 2012-octobre-décembre, p. 57-81. DOI : 10.3917/rtm.212.0057.

Mots-clés : PAYS ARABES, Tunisie.

Note

The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:<br/>Label: Article revue arbitrée<br/>

Memmi Sarah (2012) « Sex selection in the Palestinian society: a pilot study », The Lancet, 380 (octobre 1), p. S41. DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60217-2. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2813%2960217-2/abstract.

Nossik Sandra (2012) « Compte-rendu de l’ouvrage : Bronckart J.-P. & Bota C., 2011, Bakhtine démasqué, Histoire d’un menteur, d’une escroquerie et d’un délire collectif, Genève, Droz, 629 p. », Semen, 33, p. 209-217. DOI : 10.4000/semen.9537. http://semen.revues.org/9537.

Olavarrieta Claudia Díaz, Garcia Sandra G, Arangure Angélica, Cravioto Vanessa, Villalobos Aremis, AbiSamra Roula, Rochat Roger et Becker Davida (2012) « Women's experiences of and perspectives on abortion at public facilities in Mexico City three years following decriminalization », International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 118 (S1).

Mots-clés : 🔍No DOI found, ⛔ No DOI found.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2012) « Kelly Greenhill, Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2010, 342 p. (Note de lecture) », Revue européenne des migrations internationales, 28 (2), p. 173-174. DOI : 10.4000/remi.5859. http://remi.revues.org/5859.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2012) « Maritime piracy in Nigeria : old wine in new bottles », Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 35 (7-8), p. 531-541. DOI : 10.1080/1057610X.2012.684651.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2012) « Les compagnies pétrolières à l’épreuve du développement : le cas du delta du Niger (Nigeria) », Autrepart, 60, p. 113-127.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine (2012) « Humanitarian action in developing countries: Who evaluates who? », Evaluation and Program Planning, 35 (1), p. 154-160. DOI : 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2010.11.005. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718910000923.

Résumé : Humanitarian NGOs and intergovernmental organisations are usually assessed by their funders, not their beneficiaries. In most cases, their evaluation relies on interviews with “professionals”, neglects field surveys, does not use opinion polls and seldom tries to assess the socioeconomic impact of relief. Moreover, it is commissioned by stakeholders at the risk of being judge and party. Such a system brings several conflicts of interest: (1) it needs to be approved by those who are evaluated and so does not deal with “bad eggs” that refuse to be investigated; (2) it produces biased analysis, does not name names and passes over fundamental issues; (3) it is very formal and technocratic, if not meaningless; (4) it does not help to learn from past mistakes. Hence this article proposes a framework to develop third party evaluations. It is suggested that, to be really independent, evaluation should neither be paid or commissioned by stakeholders, i.e. NGOs and institutional funders. To facilitate learning, its methodology and its results must also be available to the general public. To be accepted by those who are evaluated, finally, it should highlight the difficulties, explain the political context, acknowledge its subjectivity, recognize its limits, focus on processes more than results and develop qualitative analysis out of quantitative indicators.

Mots-clés : Conflicts of interest, developing countries, Emergencies, EVALUATION, Humanitarian aid.

Pirkle C. M., Dumont Alexandre, Traore M. et Zunzunegui M. V. (2012) « Validity and reliability of criterion based clinical audit to assess obstetrical quality of care in West Africa », Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12. DOI : 10.1186/1471-2393-12-118.

Résumé : Background: In Mali and Senegal, over 1% of women die giving birth in hospital. At some hospitals, over a third of infants are stillborn. Many deaths are due to substandard medical practices. Criterion-based clinical audits (CBCA) are increasingly used to measure and improve obstetrical care in resource-limited settings, but their measurement properties have not been formally evaluated. In 2011, we published a systematic review of obstetrical CBCA highlighting insufficient considerations of validity and reliability. The objective of this study is to develop an obstetrical CBCA adapted to the West African context and assess its reliability and validity. This work was conducted as a sub-study within a cluster randomized trial known as QUARITE. Methods: Criteria were selected based on extensive literature review and expert opinion. Early 2010, two auditors applied the CBCA to identical samples at 8 sites in Mali and Senegal (n = 185) to evaluate inter-rater reliability. In 2010-11, we conducted CBCA at 32 hospitals to assess construct validity (n = 633 patients). We correlated hospital characteristics (resource availability, facility perinatal and maternal mortality) with mean hospital CBCA scores. We used generalized estimating equations to assess whether patient CBCA scores were associated with perinatal mortality. Results: Results demonstrate substantial (ICC = 0.67, 95% CI 0.54; 0.76) to elevated inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.84, 95% CI 0.77; 0.89) in Senegal and Mali, respectively. Resource availability positively correlated with mean hospital CBCA scores and maternal and perinatal mortality were inversely correlated with hospital CBCA scores. Poor CBCA scores, adjusted for hospital and patient characteristics, were significantly associated with perinatal mortality (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.01-3.34). Conclusion: Our CBCA has substantial inter-rater reliability and there is compelling evidence of its validity as the tool performs according to theory.

Mots-clés : Criterion-based clinical audit, quality of care, Questionnaire development, reliability, resource-limited settings, Validity.

Pirkle C. M., Dumont Alexandre et Zunzunegui M. V. (2012) « Medical recordkeeping, essential but overlooked aspect of quality of care in resource-limited settings », International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 24 (6), p. 564-567. DOI : 10.1093/intqhc/mzs034.

Résumé : Medical recordkeeping is essential to assuring quality health care. Records aid in the medical management of patients while serving epidemiological purposes. Medical recordkeeping is often inadequate in resource-limited settings, which threatens the quality of health care. In this study, by way of example, we make the case for increased attention to medical recordkeeping by illustrating how poor charting and archiving can threaten the quality of care. We make suggestions to improve the adequacy of medical recordkeeping by emphasizing recent technological innovations applied to resource-limited settings and the need to instil a culture of recordkeeping.

Mots-clés : hospital care, medical recordkeeping, Quality improvement, resource-limited settings.

Pourette Dolorès (2012) « Améliorer la prise en charge des patients migrants porteurs d'une hépatite B », La Santé de l'Homme, 422, p. 47-49.

Mots-clés : ⛔ No DOI found.

Pourette Dolorès (2012) « Les femmes haïtiennes vivant avec le VIH en Guadeloupe: la grossesse entre enjeux médicaux, bénéfices sociaux et vulnérabilité administrative. Une étude qualitative », Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique, 105 (février), p. 143-149. DOI : 10.1007/s13149-012-0214-4. http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s13149-012-0214-4.

Prigent Steven (2012) « « L’importation d’un ‘sentiment de l’enfance’ libéral et démocratique à Thnaot Chum » », Aséanie, 30, p. 75-101. DOI : 10.3406/asean.2012.2252.

Quet Mathieu (2012) « Critiquer les sciences et la médecine dans un pays non hégémonique. People's science et people's health en Inde », Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances, 3, p. 25-47. DOI : 10.3917/rac.017.0025.

Quet Mathieu (2012) « La politique, c’est l’expérimentation. Disséminations de l’imaginaire scientifique et mutations de l’espace public », Hermès, 63, p. 215-220. DOI : 10.4267/2042/48347.

Quet Mathieu (2012) « La critique des technologies émergentes face à la communication promettante. Contestations autour des nanotechnologies », Réseaux, p. 271-302. DOI : 10.3917/res.173.0271.

Renaud Pascal (2012) « El Google car te vigila: Gobernabilidad técnica y democracia », Revista Relaciones. Estudio de historia y sociedad, 33 (130), p. 177-186. DOI : 10.24901/rehs.v33i130.511. http://www.colmich.edu.mx/files/relaciones/130/pdf/09PascalRenaud.pdf.

Mots-clés : gobernanza de Internet.

Rouleau Dominique, Fournier Pierre, Philibert Aline, Mbengue Betty et Dumont Alexandre (2012) « The effects of midwives' job satisfaction on burnout, intention to quit and turnover : a longitudinal study in Senegal », Human Resources for Health, 10. DOI : 10.1186/1478-4491-10-9.

Résumé : Background: Despite working in a challenging environment plagued by persistent personnel shortages, public sector midwives in Senegal play a key role in tackling maternal mortality. A better understanding of how they are experiencing their work and how it is affecting them is needed in order to better address their needs and incite them to remain in their posts. This study aims to explore their job satisfaction and its effects on their burnout, intention to quit and professional mobility. Methods: A cohort of 226 midwives from 22 hospitals across Senegal participated in this longitudinal study. Their job satisfaction was measured from December 2007 to February 2008 using a multifaceted instrument developed in West Africa. Three expected effects were measured two years later: burnout, intention to quit and turnover. Descriptive statistics were reported for the midwives who stayed and left their posts during the study period. A series of multiple regressions investigated the correlations between the nine facets of job satisfaction and each effect variable, while controlling for individual and institutional characteristics. Results: Despite nearly two thirds (58.9%) of midwives reporting the intention to quit within a year (mainly to pursue new professional training), only 9% annual turnover was found in the study (41/226 over 2 years). Departures were largely voluntary (92%) and entirely domestic. Overall the midwives reported themselves moderately satisfied; least contented with their "remuneration" and "work environment" and most satisfied with the "morale" and "job security" facets of their work. On the three dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, very high levels of emotional exhaustion (80.0%) and depersonalization (57.8%) were reported, while levels of diminished personal accomplishment were low (12.4%). Burnout was identified in more than half of the sample (55%). Experiencing emotional exhaustion was inversely associated with "remuneration" and "task" satisfaction, actively job searching was associated with being dissatisfied with job "security" and voluntary quitting was associated with dissatisfaction with "continuing education". Conclusions: This study found that although midwives seem to be experiencing burnout and unhappiness with their working conditions, they retain a strong sense of confidence and accomplishment in their work. It also suggests that strategies to retain them in their positions and in the profession should emphasize continuing education.

Ruiz de Elvira Laura (2012) « Les catégories à l’épreuve des « associations réelles » : Ni tout à fait « laïques » et développementalistes, ni tout à fait confessionnelles et de bienfaisance. Etude de cas de l’association Terre des Hommes Syrie », A Contrario, 18, p. 79-96. DOI : 10.3917/aco.122.0079. http://www.cairn.info/revue-a-contrario-2012-2-page-79.htm.

Singh Susheela, García Sandra G., Guillaume Agnès, Okonofua Friday et Prata Ndola (2012) « The health, social, and economic consequences of unsafe abortion: Papers presented at an IUSSP Seminar, Mexico, 2010 », International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 118 (Supplement 2), p. S63-S64. DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7292(12)60002-2.

Teixeira Maria, Guillaume Agnès, Ferrand Michèle, Adjamagbo Agnès et Bajos Nathalie (2012) « Representations and uses of emergency contraception in West Africa. A social anthropological reading of a northern medicinal product », Social Science & Medicine, 75 (1) (juillet), p. 148-155. DOI : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.038. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277953612002249.

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